In this case, the network voltage has the symmetric voltage sag and voltage swell with 30% of the voltage drop from 0.51 to 0.54 and 30% of the voltage swell from 0.54 to 0.57. Fig. 9 shows the simulation results for symmetric Voltage sag and voltage swell. To show the better performance of the proposed method, the voltage difference between the desired voltage, network voltage, and load voltage has been investigated. In Fig. 10, the results of the proposed controller method and the PWM switching method are compared to prove the efciency of the proposed controller method. STATCOM compensates for symmetrical voltage swell and voltage sag with the PWM switching method, but the steady- state voltage difference is greater than STATCOM with the proposed control.

1.  Abstract
 Objective of project
 Problem Identification
 Solution for problem
 Introduction
 PV APF Combinations
 MPPT Technique
 Proposed LCL filter Block Diagram
 Fuzzy Logic Controller
 Simulink Models & Results

2. • According to growth of electricity demand and the increasing number of loads in
power grids, providing a high quality electrical power should be considered.
• Solar PV system is a promising source of energy with great interest in clean and
renewable energy sources.
• The rising number of power electronics-based equipment is resulting in quality
problems of electric power supply.
• Converter switch is controlled by Perturb & Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) algorithm and it eliminates the drawback in the conventional PV
system.
• This project presents the grid-tied Solar Photovoltaic generator system supplying to
nonlinear loads based Shunt Active Power Filter for reactive power compensation and
harmonic mitigation by droop control method

3.  Due to growth of number of loads, a high quality and reliable electrical power
is not delivered to the consumers.
 To improve the power quality delivered many conventional methods were
used.
 The problems which arise in power system and effect power quality are
voltage swells, voltage sags, voltage imbalance, waveform distortion , transients ,
voltage fluctuations.
The utility current is compensated by using droop control method for a quality
power to non – liner loads

4.  The DC/AC VSC integrated by an APF function should provide the harmonic
elimination and reactive power compensation and simultaneously inject the
maximum power generated by PV units.
 In this paper, PV-APF controller is used for harmonic elimination and reactive
power compensation and simultaneously inject the maximum power generated by
PV units
 Still we have problems with harmonics which is damaging utility currents
 In order to overcome problem of utility currents we have chosen APF
controller along with Drooped Control Method

5.  Power quality is defined as the delivery and consumption of electric power
affect on the performance of electrical apparatus .
 A fully complete PV-APF combination system is presented.
 Implementation of PV-APF combination system with the PV modeling
technique and the selected MPPT topology
 Evaluates the performance of the proposed method based on simulated test
cases in the MATLAB/SimpowerSystems environment

7. Photo Voltaic (PV) Modelling Analysis
Photovoltaic Cell
A photovoltaic cell or photoelectric cell is a semiconductor device that converts light
to electrical energy by photovoltaic effect.
Photovoltaic Module
Usually a number of PV modules are arranged in series and parallel to meet the energy
requirements.
Photovoltaic Array
To fulfill the requirement of the power, the power produced by a single
module is not enough.
By connecting in series, the modules
get more voltage rating and by
connecting in parallel, the modules
reach the current specifications.

8. Photo Voltaic (PV) Modelling Analysis
Applying KCL to the above figure

9. Photo Voltaic (PV) Modelling Analysis
I-V and P-V Characteristics
PV module performance parameters
PV module performance is given by
the following parameters:
• Short Circuit Current (ISC)
• Open Circuit Voltage (VOC)
• Maximum Power (PMAX)
• Current at PMAX (IMP)
• Voltage at PMAX (VMP)
• Fill Factor (FF)
• Efficiency (η)

10. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) System :
Need of MPPT for PV Systems
In the source side we are using a boost
convertor connected to a solar panel in
order to enhance the output voltage so that
it can be used for different applications like
motor load. By changing the duty cycle of
the boost converter appropriately we can
match the source impedance with that of
the load impedance.

11. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) System
MPPT is more effective under these conditions
• Cold weather conditions, cloudy or foggy days:
Normally, PV module efforts well at cold temperatures and MPPT is operated to
extract maximum power presented from them.
• When battery is totally discharged:
MPPT can extract more current and charge the battery if the state of charge in the
battery is lowers.

12. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) System
Different MPPT Techniques
1. Offline methods
• Open circuit voltage (OCV) method
• Short circuit current method (SCC)
• Artificial intelligence
2. Online methods
• Perturbation and observation method (P&O)
• Extremum seeking control method (ESC)
• Incremental conductance method (IncCond).
3. Hybrid methods

13. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Algorithm:

14. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) System
Perturbation and observation method (P&O)

15. DC-DC Converters
Types of DC-DC converter
There are various types of dc-dc converters that can be used to transform the level
of the voltage as per the supply availability and load requirement. Some of them are
discussed below.
1. Buck converter
2. Boost converter
3. Buck-Boost converter

16. DC-DC Converters
DC to DC converters are used for converting one level of input voltage to other level
of DC output voltage. DC-DC converter consist of inductor, capacitors and switches,
DC-DC converter with the PV interface

17. Controller Mechanism of the boost Converter:

18. DC-DC Converters
Boost Converter
The functionality of boost converter is to increase the voltage level.
circuit diagram of boost converter

19. Block Diagram :

20. VSI Controller:

21. Introduction to Fuzzy Logic
What is Fuzzy Logic?
• A form of many-valued logic
• Deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than fixed and
exact
Why Fuzzy Logic?
• Closer to how humans make decisions
• Handles imprecise information effectively

22. Components of a Fuzzy Logic Controller
Fuzzification
Process of converting inputs into fuzzy sets
Rules
Defines how inputs are related to outputs
Inference Engine
Applies rules to the input data
Defuzzification
Converts fuzzy sets into a crisp output

23. Grid, Load, Filter Current waveforms with PI Controller:

24. FFT Analysis When PV-APF is used:
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
-10
0
10
Selected signal: 10 cycles. FFT window (in red): 5 cycles
Time (s)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
1
2
3
4
Frequency (Hz)
Fundamental (50Hz) = 11.19 , THD= 4.04%
Mag
(%
of
Fundamental)

25. Grid, Load, Filter Current waveforms with Fuzzy Controller:

26. FFT Analysis When PV-APF is used:
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
-1
0
1
2
Selected signal: 10 cycles. FFT window (in red): 5 cycles
Time (s)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
5
10
15
Frequency (Hz)
Fundamental (50Hz) = 1.8 , THD= 2.26%
Mag
(%
of
Fundamental)