The document discusses different types of wind turbine generators used in wind energy technology. It covers the fundamentals of wind power generation and describes various generator and motor types used - including induction motors, permanent magnet synchronous generators, squirrel cage induction generators, wound rotor induction generators, and doubly fed induction generators. The document also discusses high temperature superconducting wind turbine generators and provides comparisons of advantages and disadvantages of different generator types.

1. Design and Analysis of
Wind Turbine Generators
University of Windsor - Advanced Power Systems 2 (88-590-68)
Group D:
Fadeyi Oluwadara Gboluwaga
Adnan Faisal
Jasjot Duggal

2. Outline
Fundamentals Comparison
Simulation of
of Wind and Future
Wind Turbine
Generators Applications

3. Fundamentals Of Wind Energy and
Generators Used for this Technology.
• Wind Power
o Harnessed by using wind flow as the
driving force of the generator in order
to create a torque on the rotor and in
effect produce electricity.
o Worlds Largest Turbine generates
about 6MW power
o Wind is Uncontrollable => Special
generators are needed
o For constant rotor speed: some wind
turbines have motors/controllers that
drive the blades when the wind is not
strong enough

4. Fundamentals Of Wind Energy and
Generators Used for this Technology.
• Wind Power
• Wind Turbines
o Types of Wind Turbines
o Horizontal Axis Design
o Vertical Axis Design

5. Fundamentals Of Wind Energy and
Generators Used for this Technology.
• Wind Power
• Wind Turbines
o Types of Wind Turbines
o Horizontal Axis Design
o Vertical Axis Design
• Generators and Motors
• Types of generators and Motors used:
• Induction Motors
• Permanent Magnet Synchronous
Generators
• Circuit Diagrams

6. Fundamentals Of Wind Energy and
Generators Used for this Technology.
• Wind Power
• Wind Turbines
o Types of Wind Turbines
o Horizontal Axis Design
o Vertical Axis Design
• Generators and Motors
• Types of generators and Motors used:
• Induction Motors
• Permanent Magnet Synchronous
Generators
• Circuit Diagrams
• Equations and Parameters
• Speed and Torque
• Power Flow

7. Fundamentals Of Wind Energy and
Generators Used for this Technology.
• Power Flow:
Pin  3 V L I L cos   3 V ph I ph cos 
PSC L  3 I 1 R1
2
PA G  Pin  ( PSC L  Pcore )
PR C L  3 I 2 R 2
2
Pconv  PA G  PR C L
Po u t  Pco n v  ( P f  w  Pstra y )

8. Wind Turbines Generation System
Permanent
magnet Boost
Wind Turbine synchronous Rectifier Inverter
Controller
generator

9. Wind turbine
 The wind turbine is playing a cardinal role in the entire system as it is
responsible for the generation of mechanical power needed to drive the
generator.
 The primary factors on which the wind turbine performance depend are:
 Wind speed
 Direction of wind
 Blade size
 Pitch angle
 Mechanical gears involved in its design

10. Mathematical model of wind turbine
 The wind turbine can be represented in terms of a mathematical equation,
which governs its generated power.
Pm=mechanical output power of the turbine
Cp=D the air density [kg/m3],
cp the performance coefficient or power coefficient,
λ the tip speed ratio vt/vw, ( the ratio
between the blade tip speed vt and the wind speed
upstream the rotor vw [m/s])
Ѳ the blade pitch angle [deg], and
Ar the area swept by the rotor [m2].

11. Simulink Model For Wind turbine
 Wind turbine extracts portion of wind turbine and converts it into
mechanical Power.
 It has three inputs
 Generator Speed
 The Blade Pitch Angle
 Wind speed.
 One Output
 Torque

12. Generator
 The prime mover rotor of the (PMSG) is driven by Wind turbine mechanical
Power.
 We have selected PMSG (5kW) because for small scale level PMSG is
considered as best type of generator.
 better reliability, less maintenance and
 more effective
 No external dc excitation is needed.
 Less losses and improved efficiency

13.  The mechanical power of wind turbine provide torque to the
generator shaft.
 The output generated by PMSG is variable in magnitude and
Frequency because of the fluctuating wind speed.
 The output of the generator is fed
via stator into the rectifier block to
convert it into dc and smoothen it

14. Rectifier and controlled boost
Converter
 For controlling the Ac output to a constant magnitude and frequency .
 Convert the AC (Variable Frequency and Voltage) from generator to a DC
using Rectifier.
 The boost converter then converts the DC rectified value into a constant
DC value

15. Inverter
 Finally the inverter is used to convert the constant dc Voltage into Ac with
Constant frequency and Voltage Magnitude

16. PM DC Induction Generator
(Advantages and Disadvantages)
 Don't require external excitation => Less power dissipation.
 Space is not needed for windings => smaller
 machine size (30% reduction in weight) and some cases cheaper.
 Smooth stator structure unlike their salient pole structure in
conventional dc machines.
 Power ratings ranging from few watts to 100kW or more.
 Risk of demagnetization due to excessive currents in the motor
windings or due to overheating the magnet.
 Limited air gap flux density that permanent magnets can produce.

17. Squirrel Cage Induction Generator
 a. A wire loop in a nonuniform
magnetic field.
 b. Several wire loops in a
nonuniform magnetic field.
 c. Squirrel cage configuration, for
a squirrel-cage motor.

18. Squirrel Cage Induction Generator
 Stator of the SCIG is connected to grid through back to back power
electronic converter bridges
 Advantages
To make best use of wind energy available
No need of capacitor bank
 Disadvantage
Expensive

19. Wound Rotor Induction Generator
 Power Convertor size reduced by using it on rotor side of
WRIG
 This is variable speed system using a wound rotor generator
 The power converter is now connected between the rotor
and grid , so it needs to carry only the slip power.

20. WRIG
 Advantages and Disadvantages
 For utility scale wind power generation it outweighs
squirrel cage machine.
 Offers a lot of flexibility for wide range of speed control
 Used in high power applications in which a large
amount of slip power could be recovered
 Speed of WRIM was changed by mechanically varying
external rotor circuit resistance(simplest way)
 Major disadvantage is low efficiency due to additional
loses in resistor connected in the rotor circuit.

21. DOUBLY FED
INDUCTION
GENERATOR
 Two power converter bridges connected back-to-back by means of a dc
link can accommodate the bidirectional rotor power flow in a DFIG.
 The purpose of the grid side converter is to maintain the dc link voltage
constant.
 It has control over the active and reactive power transfer between the
rotor and the grid.
 The rotor side converter is responsible for control of the flux, and thus, the
stator active and reactive powers .

22. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 Operation at variable rotor speed while the amplitude and frequency of
the generated voltages remain constant.
 Optimization of the amount of power generated as a function of the wind
available up to the nominal output power of the wind turbine generator.
 Virtual elimination of sudden variations in the rotor torque and generator
output power.
 Generation of electrical power at lower wind speeds.
 Control of the power factor (e.g., in order to maintain the power factor at
unity).
 Complicated
 Maintainence

23. HTSWTG
 Hompolar HTSG
 Axial Bipolar HTSG
 Bipolar Linear HTSG
 Transversal Flux HTSG

24. ADVANTAGES
 Increase machine efficiency beyond 99%, reducing losses by as much as
50% over conventional generators
 Energy savings
 Reduced pollution per unit of energy produced
 Lower life-cycle costs
 Enhanced grid stability
 Reduced capital cost
 Reduced installation expenses

25. REFERENCES
 http://www.scribd.com/doc/27428761/Wound-Rotor-Induction-Motor
 http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/14821/InTech-
High_temperature_superconducting_wind_turbine_generators.pdf
 http://www.labvolt.com/downloads/download/86376_F0.pdf
 http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1083
 http://www.taplondon.co.uk/bwea_offshore/pdf/JohnHill.pdf