2. Wind Energy Technology
Pradeep choudhary
Department of Electronics & communication Engineering,
Gits,udaipur
3. Wind Power Potential
The wind power
potential on a national
level, base data
collected from 10
states considering only
1% of land availability,
is around 46,092 MW.
Wind Speed: 6.0 m/s
Wind Speed: 6.4 m/s
Wind Speed: 7.0 m/s
Wind Speed: 7.5 m/s
Wind Speed: 8.0m/s
5. Turbine Evolution
Used for
• Pumping water
• Grinding grain
Mainly used for
• Generating Electricity
6. Over 3,000 years ago, the ancient
Egyptians used wind power to
sail their ships on the Nile River.
Later, people built windmills to
grind their grain.
In 1891, the first electrical output
wind machine was developed
incorporating the aerodynamic
design principles.
8. TYPES OF WIND TURBINES
1. Onshore:
Onshore wind turbines are placed in
hilly and mountainous places and
are at least three kilometers away
from the nearest shore.
2. Near-shore
Near-shore wind turbines are installed
within three kilometers from the
nearest shore or on water within
ten kilometers from land.
3.Offshore
Offshore wind turbines’ developement
zones are at least ten kilometers away from land.
9. Why Wind Energy?
Wind, for now, is the renewable energy resource/technology of choice
“Free” resource
A “clean” resource due to:
Replacement of a “dirty” energy source (coal) and,
No emissions associated with its use
Can be utilized on underutilized land or on lands currently in commodity
crop production (“harvest” on the surface and “harvest” above the
surface)
10. Wind Energy Benefits
No air emissions
No fuel to mine, transport, or
store
No cooling water
No water pollution
No wastes
12. Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)
1920 :Invented by G. M. Darrieus
(French Engineer): Darrieus Rotor
500 kW, 34m long was undertaken in
1980 by Sandia national Lab, USA
but leaving the business in 1997
13. Common HAWT Construction
Rotor
• Blades are connected to a hub, which is connected to a shaft
• Rotational speed will depend on blade geometry, number of blades, and wind
speed (40 to 400 revolutions per minute typical speed range)
• Gear box needed to increase speed to 1200-1800 RPM for generator
16. Number of Blades – One
Rotor must move more
rapidly to capture same
amount of wind
– Gearbox ratio reduced
– Added weight of
counterbalance negates some
benefits of lighter design
– Higher speed means more
noise, visual, and wildlife
impacts
Blades easier to install
because entire rotor can be
assembled on ground
Captures 10% less energy
than two blade design
Ultimately provide no cost
savings
17. Number of Blades - Two
Advantages &
disadvantages
similar to one
blade
Need teetering hub
and or shock
absorbers because
of gyroscopic
imbalances
Capture 5% less
energy than three
blade designs
18. Number of Blades - Three
Balance of
gyroscopic forces
Slower rotation
– increases gearbox &
transmission costs
– More aesthetic, less
noise, fewer bird
strikes
19. Blade Composition Metal
Steel
– Heavy & expensive
Aluminum
– Lighter-weight and easy
to work with turbine
– Expensive
– Subject to metal fatigue
20. Features of major Components & Systems
Tubular Tower for better load carrying capacity
Tower Designed stiffness to eliminate critical natural
frequencies
Designed to reduce the dynamic stresses to
minimum
Load Separation plate inserted inside
foundation for better stability and better load
distribution.
Ergonomically designed tower internals with
necessary safety equipment, like fall arrester
Superior cable management systems with
specific designed clamp for less wear and tear
while twisting
Epoxy coating
Ultrasonic and Radiography tests
Less maintenance as compared to lattice
21. Technical specification
Tower Nominal Power -1500 kW
Rotor diameter - 82 m
Hub height- 78.5m
Rotor cone angle- 4.3°
Swept area -5281 m2
Rotor speed (at rated power) -16.30 rpm
Rotational speed 15.6 -18.4 rpm
Tip speed (at rated power)- 70 m/s
Blade length -40 m
Generator Stator Voltage -690 V
Speed at rated power and shortcut rotor-
1,511 rpm
Start wind 4 m/s
Stop wind 20 m/s
22. Turbines: Different Sizes and Applications
Small (≤10 kW)
• Homes (Grid-connected) Intermediate
• Farms
• Remote Applications (10-500 kW)
• Village Power
(e.g. battery changing, water
pumping, telecom sites) • Hybrid Systems
• Distributed
Power
Large (500 kW – 5 MW)
• Central Station Wind Farms
• Distributed Power
• Offshore Wind
26. Wind Turbine Technology
2
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
MW
Pt
i 1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25
0 vw 25
i
Wind Speed (m/s)
Power curve for a 1.5 MW variable-speed, pitch-
40
controlled wind turbine. Note “flatness” of output
35
for wind speeds at or above rated value
30
Source: AWEA
25
W
P v
27. Wind farms
Source: http://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/news.aspx? Source: http://www.sharonpavey.org/luppitt-looking-forward-to-a-sustainable-
id=100757&print=1 future/
Most wind turbines are rather small in generating capacity (e.g., 50 to 500 kW. There are
some very large units to about 1 MW. At these power levels, many turbines are needed to
obtain desirable power levels – typically well above 100 MW. The many turbines are often
organized into ‘wind farms’ as shown here. 27
28. ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER:
1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be
captured efficiently.
2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not
cause green house gases or other pollutants.
3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a
small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be
used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming
can still continue.
4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the
landscape.
5. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power
grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply.
6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and
third world.
7. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a
vast range of people and businesses can use them. Single
29. DISADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER :
1. The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to
storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same
amount of electricity all the time. There will be times when they
produce no electricity at all.
2. Many people feel that the countryside should be left untouched,
without these large structures being built. The landscape should left in
its natural form for everyone to enjoy.
3. Wind turbines are noisy. Each one can generate the same level of
noise as a family car travelling at 70 mph.
4. Many people see large wind turbines as unsightly structures and not
pleasant or interesting to look at. They disfigure the countryside and
are generally ugly.
5. When wind turbines are being manufactured some pollution is
produced. Therefore wind power does produce some pollution.
6. Large wind farms are needed to provide entire communities with
enough electricity. For example, the largest single turbine available
today can only provide enough electricity for 475 homes, when running
at full capacity. How many would be needed for a town of 100 000
people?
