1) The document discusses maximum power point tracking (MPPT), a technique used to increase the efficiency of solar cells by up to 30%. MPPT works by operating solar panels at their maximum power point to extract more power. 2) Two common MPPT methods are described: perturb and observe and incremental conductance. Perturb and observe periodically changes the voltage to find the maximum power point, while incremental conductance uses voltage and current sensors to track changes in irradiance more accurately. 3) MPPT is typically implemented using a microcontroller to control sensors, interface with solar panels and batteries, and stop the panels at the voltage point that produces maximum power. This allows for more efficient use of solar energy

1. PRESENTED BY
Shashikumar v
ROLL/USN NO : 52
MAXIMUM POWER
POINT
TRACKING
R V COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of electronic and communication

2. Objective
What is a solar cell ?
a solar cell converts optical energy directly into electrical energy.
It is essentially a semiconductor device fabricated in a manner which generates a voltage
when solar radiation falls on it.
Efficiency of solar cell is less, it only converts 30-40% of energy incindent on it to electrical energy.
Need to use solar energy : pollution free
maintenance free
silent operation
long life time.
Efficiency of solar cell increased by a technique called maximum power point tracking, by installing this
technique we can get additional 20-30% of extra energy.

3. Methodology
Phase 1 :
Introduction to maximum power point tracking (MPPT).
Need of MPPT.
Different types of techniques for MPPT.
perturb and observe technique (P&O)
incremental conductance (INC).
Phase 2 :
Introduction to charge controller and and their need for MPPT.
Present and upcoming research in finding most efficient MPPT technique.
Modelling of standalone pv system.

4. Introduction
What is MPPT ?
It is an electronic system that operates the photovoltaic modules in a manner to extract the maximum
power from the system.
What is maximum power point ?
It is a operating point at which maximum power can be extracted from the system.Usually represented as
MPP.
The output of solar module is a function of solar irradiance, temperature.
Generally MPPT is installed in between PV system and load.Coupling to the load for maximum power
transfer may required either providing a higher voltage at lower current or lower voltage at higher current.

5. MechanicalComponent
 DC motor
 RPM of dc motor
 Design of solar panel
anti reflection coating
Photo electric effect
Helioelectrical process

6. ElectronicsComponent

7. whereIscisthelight-generatedcurrent
Vocislight–generatedvoltage

8. Perturbandobserve(hillclimbing)
 The concept behind the P&O method is to modify the
operating voltage or current of the PV panel until you
obtain maximum power from it.
 The tracker operated by periodically incrementing or
decrementing the solar array voltage.
 In this we use only voltage sensor,to sense the pv array
voltage.
 Hill climbing method fail under rapid environment
change conditions.
Incremental conductance
 Incremental conductance uses two voltage and current
sensors to sence the output voltage and current pf the
pv array
 Here we are sensing both current and voltage
simultaneously.hence the error due to change in
irradience is eliminated.however the complexicity and
cost of implementation increases.

9. MathematicalComponent
Incremental conductance
 Based on fact that slope of P-V
zero at MPP.
Negetive on right of MPP
Positive on left of MPP
 The MPP can be tracked by comparing the instantaneous conductance
(I/V) to the incremental conductance.
 This technique can instantly calculate i/v and di/dv to deduct the
direction of the perturbation leading to the MPP.

10. Programmingin C
Flow chart of incremental conductance
The algorithms are implemented in a
microcontroller or a personal computer to
implement maximum power tracking.
Micro controller AT89S52 is used to controll &
interface,sensors and motor. The microcontroller
is low power,high performance,COMS-8 bit micro
controller with 8k bytes,
Micro controller checks the voltage obtained at
various points & stops the panel at maximum
voltage point.

11. Reference
• Y.Kou,et.AL.,”Maximum Power Point tracking controller for Photovoltaic energy conversion
system,”IEEE Trans.Ind .Electron.,Vol.48,pp.594-601,2001.
• S.Jain and V.Agarval,”A New Algorithm for Rapid Tracking of Approximate Maximum Power
point in photovoltaic systems ,”IEEE power Electronic Letter.,Vol.2,pp.16-19,m.2004.
• J.A.Jiang et.AL.,”Maximum power tracking for photovoltaic power systems,” Tamkang
Journal of Science and Engineering, Vol.8, No. 2,pp . 147-153,2005.
• E.Koutroulis;et.al,” Development of a microcontroller based photovoltaic maximum power
tracking control system”,IEEE trans.On power Electron., Vol. 16No. 1, pp. 46-54,2001.
• R.Faranda and S.Leva,”Energy Comparision of MPPT techniques for PV Systems ,”WSEAS
Transaction on Power Systems “ Vol.3, pp.446-455.

12. THANK YOU