* MPPT techniques *Solar cell * Photovoltaic module * Fixed voltage method * Fractional open circuit voltage method * Perturb & Observe method * Incremental conductance method

1. A
Seminar
On
Different Kinds of Commonly Used Maximum Power Point
Tracking Control Methods For Photovoltaic System
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Electrical Engineering
by
Name – Yash Yadav
Roll Number – 1408220080
Under the guidance of
Seminar Guide Seminar Coordinator
Mr. Vipul Agarwal Mrs.Alka Verma
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
MORADABAD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Ram Ganga Vihar, Phase –II, Moradabad-244001 (U.P)
Session: 2016-17

2. INDEX
o Introduction
o Inside a solar PV cell
o Solar module in series and parallel
o MPPT
o Need of MPPT
o MPPT techniques
I. Fixed voltage method
II. Fractional open circuit voltage method
III. Perturb & Observe method
IV. Incremental conductance method
o Comparison between methods

3. INTRODUCTION
 Power generation demand has been increasing
rapidly.
 The limited supply of non-renewable sources of
energy creates challenges to meet up to the
requirement of power in the future.
 Renewable energy sources have various
benefits.
 Solar PV generation is of importance as solar
energy is available universally.

4. INSIDE A SOLAR PV Cell
An ideal solar cell can be
considered as a current
source.
The current produced is
proportional to solar
irradiation falling on it.
A typical cell produces
about 0.5 V to 1V.

5. I-V Curve of PV module

6. Solar module in series & parallel

7. P-V& I-V Curve of a solar module

8.  It is an electronic system that operates
the photovoltaic modules in a manner to
extract the maximum power from the
system.
It is a operating point at which
maximum power can be extracted from
the system. Usually represented as MPP.
The output of solar module is a function
of solar irradiance, temperature.
Generally MPPT is installed in between
PV system and load. Coupling to the load
for maximum power transfer may
required either providing a higher voltage
at lower current or lower voltage at
higher current.
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)

9. Need for MPPT
IRRADIANCE & TEMPERATURE VARIATION
LOW CONVERSION EFFICIENCY(9-
17%)
TO MAXIMIZE OUTPUT POWER
TO MAXIMIZE THE EFFICIENCY

10. I-V CURVES FOR DIFFERENT
TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE LEVEL

11. P-V CURVES FOR DIFFERENT
TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE LEVEL

12. MPP
Techniques
Indirect
Fixed Voltage
Method
Fractional Open
Circuit Voltage
Method
Direct
Perturb &
Observe
Method
Incremental
Conduction
Method
MPPT TECHNIQUES

13. FIXED VOLTAGE METHOD
Based on adjusting
the operating
voltage on a
seasonal basis
1. Higher MPP
during winters
2. Lower MPP in
summers
Not very accurate ,
& accuracy is
increased if
irradiance variation
is minimized

14. Fractional Open Circuit Voltage Method
Approximation of
VMPP is done by
finding the open
circuit voltage
Value of K
depends on PV
technology used
and kind of solar
cell used
Not always point
to the MPP, but
only in the region
around MPP
VMPP= K*Voc

15. PERTURB & OBSERVE (p&o)/HILL
CLIMBING Method
 The concept behind the P&O method is to modify the
operating voltage or current of the PV panel until you obtain
maximum power from it.
 The tracker operated by periodically incrementing or
decrementing the solar array voltage.
 In this we use only voltage sensor, to sense the PV array
voltage.
 Hill climbing method fail under rapid environment change
conditions.
Direct measurement
of current, voltage
and power.
Faster and accurate
response

16. I-V & P-V CURVE OF PERTURB & OBSERVE
Method

17. Start
Set duty

Yes
Yes
Yes
NoNo
No
Algorithm of Hill Climbing Method

18. Drawbacks of P&O method
Hill climbing and P&O methods can fail under rapidly
changing atmospheric conditions.
The process is repeated periodically until the MPP is
reached.
The system oscillates about the MPP.
Smaller perturbation size slows down the MPPT.
If the irradiance fluctuates and shifts the power curve
within one sampling period, the operating point will
fluctuate.

19. INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE
METHOD
Uses two sensors:
VOLTAGE & CURRENT
SENSORS to sense the
output voltage and current
ALGORITHM works by
comparing the ratio of
derivative of conductance
with the instantaneous
conductance
When this instantaneous
conductance equals the
conductance of the solar
then MPP is reached

20. I-V & P-V Increment Conductance

21. ALGORITHM OF INCREMENT
CONDUCTANCE

22. Comparison of MPPT Methods
Both P&O and INC control methods can find the true
maximum power at MPP of the PV array.
In open voltage control method (constant voltage ratio), the
voltage generated is approximately 76 % typically.
The efficiency of some systems can reach beyond 95 %.
Incremental Conductance algorithm which holds good
performance than any other methods under normal and
varying atmospheric conditions.
 So for residential and industrial purposes
INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE ALGORITHM
performs better results.

23. THANK YOU !