Mineral resources
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This document provides an overview of mineral resources and mining. It begins by outlining the course outcomes and learning objectives, which include understanding mineral groups, properties, natural resources, and sustainable use. The document then discusses how minerals form in different environments, how geologists identify ore deposits, and the two main mining methods - surface and subsurface. Specific surface mining techniques like open pit and quarry mining are explained. The document concludes by covering responsible mining practices like reclamation, common mineral uses, and classifications of metallic and nonmetallic minerals.
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Mineral resources
This document discusses mineral resources and mining. It begins by defining minerals and describing their common composition and properties. It then classifies minerals as metallic or non-metallic, and sometimes critical or strategic based on their importance. The document outlines major uses of minerals and describes how they are exploited through mining. Both surface and subsurface mining techniques are discussed. The environmental impacts of mining are then examined, including pollution of air, water, land degradation, and health impacts. Specific examples of environmental damage from mining in India are provided. The document concludes by suggesting remedial measures to mitigate mining's environmental impacts.
Mineral resources
This document discusses various types of minerals and their uses. It covers basic minerals like iron, copper and zinc. It also discusses power minerals including coal, petroleum and natural gas which are used for power generation. Precious minerals such as gold, silver and uranium are also mentioned. The document provides details on the extraction and uses of various minerals like iron, coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium and hydroelectric power. Major producing and importing countries of different minerals are also listed.
Impacts of mining on environment
Mining has several negative environmental impacts. It can cause acid mine drainage which releases toxic water. Mining also decreases air quality by releasing gases and particulate matter which impact human health. Heavy metals from mining contaminate soil and water sources. Mining activities like surface mining can cause erosion and disrupt habitats. Overall, mining disturbs the landscape and natural environment while also posing health risks to nearby communities.
MINERAL RESOURCES
Mineral Resources
1. Use and over exploitation
2. Minerals and their ores extraction
3. Mine Safety
4. Case Study
5. Environmental Problems
The environmental damage caused by mining activities are as follows:
1. Devegetation and defacing of landscape
2. Subsidence of land
3. Groundwater contamination
4. Surface water pollution
5. Air pollution
6. Occupational health hazard
Mineral resources
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic compounds that make up the Earth's crust. They include metals like iron and copper as well as non-metals like salt and gypsum. Mineral resources can be divided into fuel minerals like coal and oil, and metallic and non-metallic minerals. Metallic minerals contain metals while non-metallics do not. Mineral resources are vital for industries and development but overexploitation can lead to environmental problems like pollution, depletion of resources, and degradation of land. Conservation efforts include sustainable mining practices and reducing waste.
Impacts of mining
This document summarizes the environmental impacts of mining. It discusses surface mining techniques like strip mining and mountaintop removal mining that remove soil and rock to access buried minerals. Underground mining is also covered. Key impacts include acid mine drainage that pollutes waterways, air pollution from mining emissions, heavy metal contamination of water and soil, erosion, and damage to wildlife habitats. Social impacts on communities like displacement and health effects are also outlined. The conclusion states that without proper remediation, the long-term costs of environmental damage from mining can be devastating.
Land and soil resources
Land and soil resources are important natural resources in India. Land supports natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, and economic activities. Approximately 43% of India's land area consists of plains, 30% is mountains, and 27% is plateaus. Soil is essential for plant growth and supports living organisms. Many factors influence soil formation, including relief features, parent rock, climate, vegetation, and time. Some major soil types in India include alluvial, black, red and yellow, laterite, and arid soils. Land degradation affects 130 million hectares in India due to causes such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining, and quarrying. Conservation measures include afforestation, controlling grazing and mining activities
Mining
1. Mining involves extracting valuable minerals and materials from the earth. Common methods are surface mining, which removes overburden, and underground mining using shafts or tunnels.
2. Surface mining techniques include placer mining for deposits close to the surface, strip mining which removes overburden, and mountaintop removal which levels entire mountains. Underground mining uses drifts, slopes, or shafts to access deep materials.
3. Mining has environmental impacts like deforestation, pollution from tailings, subsidence from underground mining, and dispersal of heavy metals and asbestos. It can also damage communities through land appropriation, health impacts, and social disruption.
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Mineral resources
This document discusses mineral resources and mining. It begins by defining minerals and describing their common composition and properties. It then classifies minerals as metallic or non-metallic, and sometimes critical or strategic based on their importance. The document outlines major uses of minerals and describes how they are exploited through mining. Both surface and subsurface mining techniques are discussed. The environmental impacts of mining are then examined, including pollution of air, water, land degradation, and health impacts. Specific examples of environmental damage from mining in India are provided. The document concludes by suggesting remedial measures to mitigate mining's environmental impacts.
Mineral resources
This document discusses various types of minerals and their uses. It covers basic minerals like iron, copper and zinc. It also discusses power minerals including coal, petroleum and natural gas which are used for power generation. Precious minerals such as gold, silver and uranium are also mentioned. The document provides details on the extraction and uses of various minerals like iron, coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium and hydroelectric power. Major producing and importing countries of different minerals are also listed.
Impacts of mining on environment
Mining has several negative environmental impacts. It can cause acid mine drainage which releases toxic water. Mining also decreases air quality by releasing gases and particulate matter which impact human health. Heavy metals from mining contaminate soil and water sources. Mining activities like surface mining can cause erosion and disrupt habitats. Overall, mining disturbs the landscape and natural environment while also posing health risks to nearby communities.
MINERAL RESOURCES
Mineral Resources
1. Use and over exploitation
2. Minerals and their ores extraction
3. Mine Safety
4. Case Study
5. Environmental Problems
The environmental damage caused by mining activities are as follows:
1. Devegetation and defacing of landscape
2. Subsidence of land
3. Groundwater contamination
4. Surface water pollution
5. Air pollution
6. Occupational health hazard
Mineral resources
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic compounds that make up the Earth's crust. They include metals like iron and copper as well as non-metals like salt and gypsum. Mineral resources can be divided into fuel minerals like coal and oil, and metallic and non-metallic minerals. Metallic minerals contain metals while non-metallics do not. Mineral resources are vital for industries and development but overexploitation can lead to environmental problems like pollution, depletion of resources, and degradation of land. Conservation efforts include sustainable mining practices and reducing waste.
Impacts of mining
This document summarizes the environmental impacts of mining. It discusses surface mining techniques like strip mining and mountaintop removal mining that remove soil and rock to access buried minerals. Underground mining is also covered. Key impacts include acid mine drainage that pollutes waterways, air pollution from mining emissions, heavy metal contamination of water and soil, erosion, and damage to wildlife habitats. Social impacts on communities like displacement and health effects are also outlined. The conclusion states that without proper remediation, the long-term costs of environmental damage from mining can be devastating.
Land and soil resources
Land and soil resources are important natural resources in India. Land supports natural vegetation, wildlife, human life, and economic activities. Approximately 43% of India's land area consists of plains, 30% is mountains, and 27% is plateaus. Soil is essential for plant growth and supports living organisms. Many factors influence soil formation, including relief features, parent rock, climate, vegetation, and time. Some major soil types in India include alluvial, black, red and yellow, laterite, and arid soils. Land degradation affects 130 million hectares in India due to causes such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining, and quarrying. Conservation measures include afforestation, controlling grazing and mining activities
Mining
1. Mining involves extracting valuable minerals and materials from the earth. Common methods are surface mining, which removes overburden, and underground mining using shafts or tunnels.
2. Surface mining techniques include placer mining for deposits close to the surface, strip mining which removes overburden, and mountaintop removal which levels entire mountains. Underground mining uses drifts, slopes, or shafts to access deep materials.
3. Mining has environmental impacts like deforestation, pollution from tailings, subsidence from underground mining, and dispersal of heavy metals and asbestos. It can also damage communities through land appropriation, health impacts, and social disruption.
Mineral conservation
This document discusses mineral conservation and the importance of sustainably managing mineral resources. It notes that minerals are non-renewable but are being depleted at increasing rates due to rising worldwide use. Conservation methods include using alternative energy sources, recycling minerals, improving mining technology to use lower grade ores, and sustainably managing existing resources to prevent overexploitation. The conclusion emphasizes that minerals are non-renewable capital for many countries, and various conservation methods can help prevent their depletion.
Mineral resources
The document provides information about mineral resources and mining. It defines a mineral resource and describes India's national mineral scenario. It then lists various common minerals found in India, their estimated life expectancies, and their main locations and uses. The document discusses different types of surface mining and underground mining techniques. It also outlines some environmental effects of mining such as deforestation, pollution from tailings dams, subsidence from coal mining, and dispersal of heavy metals. Finally, it suggests actions that can be taken to reduce resource use and promote sustainability.
Mineral Resources in India
Among the Subjects of Earth Sciences, Economic Geology deals with all the Mineral resources, mineral fuels, their distribution and their role for the economic development of a nation.
India has a good amount of all natural resources. Among the resources, minerals are the major contributors of the national economy. India is a country, much dependent on the available natural resources for its economy. This lesson is on the “ Mineral Resources in India”.
Mineral Resources
ppt on
MINERAL RESOURCES
USES AND EXPLOITATION
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF EXTRACTING AND USING MINERAL RESOURCES
4 mining and its impacts to environment
- Mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the earth through various surface and underground methods. Surface methods include strip mining, open-pit mining, mountaintop removal, and dredging. Underground methods involve excavating tunnels and shafts.
- The extraction process produces both ore and waste rock. Ore undergoes crushing, grinding, and separation processes like flotation and cyanidation to extract minerals.
- Mining has environmental impacts like flooding, erosion, water and air pollution, and wildlife habitat damage. Preventive measures include replanting vegetation and stabilizing slopes. The government regulates mining through agencies like MGB and EMB and laws like the Mining Act.
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This document discusses various mining methods including surface mining techniques like alluvial mining and open-cast mining as well as underground mining techniques. It describes alluvial mining methods like using pans, rockers, and sluicing. For open-cast mining it discusses loading by hand or machine and different open-cast mining methods. Underground mining techniques discussed include room and pillar mining, open stoping methods using timber supports or waste filling, shrinkage stoping, and caving methods like top slicing and block caving.
RESOURCES & TYPES
Resources are materials that have value and are used to satisfy human needs. They can be biotic or abiotic, renewable or non-renewable. Natural resources come directly from nature without modification, examples include water, air and solar energy. Human-made resources are created from natural resources through human modification, such as buildings, books and vehicles. Human resources refer to people who can utilize other resources efficiently through skills and expertise, like doctors, teachers and politicians.
Mining and environmental impact
Mining involves extracting ore from the earth through surface, underground, or solution mining methods. Ore is then processed through beneficiation techniques like crushing, grinding, separation based on magnetic or physical properties to extract the desired mineral. The concentrated ore is then smelted to separate the metal from waste rock. Environmental concerns from mining include pollution from waste rock and tailings disposal, acid mine drainage, subsidence from underground mining, air pollution from smelting operations, and contamination of water and land from chemicals used.
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This is a ppt on the formation of the earth's atmosphere stage by stage. It tells about how the formation of different kinds atmosphere took place.
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This document discusses minerals, their economic importance, depletion, and the need for conservation. It notes that minerals are essential resources but non-renewable, as their formation occurs over millions of years. While minerals provide the base for industry and jobs, the large-scale exploitation since the Industrial Revolution has resulted in decreasing supplies and increasing demand. Conservation efforts are needed to use minerals sustainably and reduce waste so they can last for future generations.
Fundamental and concept of environmental geology
Environmental geology is the study of how natural systems interact with human activities. It aims to minimize environmental degradation and maximize beneficial land use. Key aspects of study include natural hazards, landscape analysis, earth materials, hydrology, and geological processes. The fundamental concepts are that humans impact geology; the earth is unique and closed; materials and energy cycle; geology affects lives; human and geological timescales differ; hazards are natural; risk is inherent; modern society relies on limited earth resources; and pollution remains on earth. Environmental management requires managing human behavior.
The lithosphere
The document describes the different layers that make up the Earth, including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. It provides details on the composition and characteristics of each layer, such as the crust being the outermost solid layer and the inner core being made of solid iron and nickel. It also discusses the lithosphere, which includes the crust and upper mantle, and the types of rocks that make up the different layers, such as basalt in the crust and iron and nickel in the outer core.
Resources
A resource is a source or supply that produces benefits and satisfies needs. Resources can be natural, human-made, or human. Natural resources come from the environment and include materials like land, water, air, minerals, plants and animals. Human-made resources are natural substances changed by humans into buildings, machines etc. Human resources refer to people's skills, labor, knowledge and organizations. Resources are classified by their origin, development level, availability, and distribution. Conservation aims to manage natural resources sustainably for current and future use.
INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY
This document provides an overview of the different branches of geology. It discusses the definition of geology as the study of the Earth, including its origin, structure, composition and history. Some of the key branches mentioned include physical geology, mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, structural geology, geophysics, stratigraphy, geochemistry, paleontology, historical geology, economic geology, mining geology, hydrogeology, geology of Pakistan, resources engineering, photo geology, remote sensing, engineering geology, and field geology. Each branch is studied to better understand different aspects of the Earth and its materials.
Rock Types
There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and crystallizes, either underground or on the surface. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments, usually deposited by water. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary rocks, but were changed by extreme heat and pressure within the Earth's crust, altering their structure. Rocks can be transformed between these types through the rock cycle as they are weathered, eroded, deposited, buried deep within the Earth, and sometimes melted.
structure and composition of lithosphere
The document discusses the lithosphere, which is the outermost solid shell of the Earth composed of the crust and upper mantle. It is divided into three main sections. The first section introduces the lithosphere and describes its composition and structure. The lithosphere consists of oceanic and continental crust and the upper mantle. The second section discusses various geological processes that affect the lithosphere like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and plate tectonics. The third section describes the chemical composition and types of rocks found in the lithosphere.
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This document discusses India's mineral resources. It notes that India produces 89 minerals, including 4 fuel minerals, 11 metals, 52 non-metals, and 22 minor minerals. The main metallic minerals produced are iron ore, copper ore, chromite, zinc concentrates, gold, manganese ore, bauxite, and lead concentrates. The major non-metallic minerals are limestone, magnesite, dolomite, barytes, kaolin, gypsum, apatite, phosphorite, steatite and fluorite. The mineral industry in India includes 565 coal mines and 85 oil and gas projects employing over 1 million people daily on average.
Mineral resources and types of mining
This document defines different types of minerals and mining techniques. It discusses the criteria for a mineral, including being naturally occurring and having a crystalline structure. It defines identified resources, undiscovered resources, and reserves. It then describes various mining methods like underground mining, hydro-mining, and opencast mining. Finally, it outlines some environmental impacts of mining like water pollution, acid mine drainage, deforestation, and effects on groundwater.
Impact of climatic change on biosphere
Climate like any other physical phenomena it is dynamic and not static.
In every part of the world one year, one decade or one century is different than the other.
The change does not only have academic important but its effects in all the forms of life.
Plants, animals, human beings change with changes of climate.
In general, all living species thrive under definite and limit conditions and any great deviation from that will leads to destruction and death of the species.
Ecology: Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments which includes Biotic Factors: (Living organisms) , Abiotic Factors: (Nonliving physical and chemical conditions of an environment).
What are the levels of the Ecology?
Ecology has Five Levels.
Individual organism: Single organism in an environment
Populations: Group of individual organisms of same species living in the same area
Communities: All of the organisms that inhabit a particular area make up a community, like coral reef and other organisms live around in the reef
Ecosystems: An ecosystem includes both the biotic and abiotic factors of an area
Biosphere:
Sum of all of Earth's ecosystems, it is an envelope of air, land, and water supporting all living things on Earth. It consists of both the atmosphere and ocean.
Ecologists investigate global issues in the biosphere, including climate change and its effect on living things
The effects have been most dramatic at high latitudes, where multiple processes contribute to decreased surface reflectivity
Changes in temperature are causing species to shift their natural ranges; however, those are unable to move in line with changing temperatures are being put at risk.
MINING & FOSSIL FUELS(q1w3).pptx
Ore minerals are found through geological studies and testing of soil and rocks. They are mined through surface or underground mining methods then processed. Processing involves sampling, analysis, crushing, separating minerals from waste through techniques like gravity or magnetic separation, and dewatering the concentrates. Fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas were formed from the remains of ancient organisms buried underground. Coal formed from decayed plants, while oil and gas formed from marine organisms. They are non-renewable and contribute to environmental issues when burned.
Mineral Resources
This document discusses minerals and their classification. It defines minerals as naturally occurring substances with definite chemical compositions. Minerals are categorized as metallic or non-metallic. Metallic minerals contain metals and are further divided into ferrous, containing iron, and non-ferrous. Non-metallic minerals do not contain metals and include coal, petroleum, and mica. The document also outlines methods of mineral extraction including mining, drilling, quarrying, and their distribution in different rock types.
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Mineral conservation
This document discusses mineral conservation and the importance of sustainably managing mineral resources. It notes that minerals are non-renewable but are being depleted at increasing rates due to rising worldwide use. Conservation methods include using alternative energy sources, recycling minerals, improving mining technology to use lower grade ores, and sustainably managing existing resources to prevent overexploitation. The conclusion emphasizes that minerals are non-renewable capital for many countries, and various conservation methods can help prevent their depletion.
Mineral resources
The document provides information about mineral resources and mining. It defines a mineral resource and describes India's national mineral scenario. It then lists various common minerals found in India, their estimated life expectancies, and their main locations and uses. The document discusses different types of surface mining and underground mining techniques. It also outlines some environmental effects of mining such as deforestation, pollution from tailings dams, subsidence from coal mining, and dispersal of heavy metals. Finally, it suggests actions that can be taken to reduce resource use and promote sustainability.
Mineral Resources in India
Among the Subjects of Earth Sciences, Economic Geology deals with all the Mineral resources, mineral fuels, their distribution and their role for the economic development of a nation.
India has a good amount of all natural resources. Among the resources, minerals are the major contributors of the national economy. India is a country, much dependent on the available natural resources for its economy. This lesson is on the “ Mineral Resources in India”.
Mineral Resources
ppt on
MINERAL RESOURCES
USES AND EXPLOITATION
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF EXTRACTING AND USING MINERAL RESOURCES
4 mining and its impacts to environment
- Mining involves extracting valuable minerals from the earth through various surface and underground methods. Surface methods include strip mining, open-pit mining, mountaintop removal, and dredging. Underground methods involve excavating tunnels and shafts.
- The extraction process produces both ore and waste rock. Ore undergoes crushing, grinding, and separation processes like flotation and cyanidation to extract minerals.
- Mining has environmental impacts like flooding, erosion, water and air pollution, and wildlife habitat damage. Preventive measures include replanting vegetation and stabilizing slopes. The government regulates mining through agencies like MGB and EMB and laws like the Mining Act.
Mineral resources.pptx
Mineral Resources
Types of Mineral Resources
Uses of Mineral Resources
Associated problems with Mineral Resources
Environmental problems due to extracting & using Mineral Resources
Mining ppt 2014
This document discusses various mining methods including surface mining techniques like alluvial mining and open-cast mining as well as underground mining techniques. It describes alluvial mining methods like using pans, rockers, and sluicing. For open-cast mining it discusses loading by hand or machine and different open-cast mining methods. Underground mining techniques discussed include room and pillar mining, open stoping methods using timber supports or waste filling, shrinkage stoping, and caving methods like top slicing and block caving.
RESOURCES & TYPES
Resources are materials that have value and are used to satisfy human needs. They can be biotic or abiotic, renewable or non-renewable. Natural resources come directly from nature without modification, examples include water, air and solar energy. Human-made resources are created from natural resources through human modification, such as buildings, books and vehicles. Human resources refer to people who can utilize other resources efficiently through skills and expertise, like doctors, teachers and politicians.
Mining and environmental impact
Mining involves extracting ore from the earth through surface, underground, or solution mining methods. Ore is then processed through beneficiation techniques like crushing, grinding, separation based on magnetic or physical properties to extract the desired mineral. The concentrated ore is then smelted to separate the metal from waste rock. Environmental concerns from mining include pollution from waste rock and tailings disposal, acid mine drainage, subsidence from underground mining, air pollution from smelting operations, and contamination of water and land from chemicals used.
How did Atmosphere Form
This is a ppt on the formation of the earth's atmosphere stage by stage. It tells about how the formation of different kinds atmosphere took place.
Minerals
This document discusses minerals, their economic importance, depletion, and the need for conservation. It notes that minerals are essential resources but non-renewable, as their formation occurs over millions of years. While minerals provide the base for industry and jobs, the large-scale exploitation since the Industrial Revolution has resulted in decreasing supplies and increasing demand. Conservation efforts are needed to use minerals sustainably and reduce waste so they can last for future generations.
Fundamental and concept of environmental geology
Environmental geology is the study of how natural systems interact with human activities. It aims to minimize environmental degradation and maximize beneficial land use. Key aspects of study include natural hazards, landscape analysis, earth materials, hydrology, and geological processes. The fundamental concepts are that humans impact geology; the earth is unique and closed; materials and energy cycle; geology affects lives; human and geological timescales differ; hazards are natural; risk is inherent; modern society relies on limited earth resources; and pollution remains on earth. Environmental management requires managing human behavior.
The lithosphere
The document describes the different layers that make up the Earth, including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. It provides details on the composition and characteristics of each layer, such as the crust being the outermost solid layer and the inner core being made of solid iron and nickel. It also discusses the lithosphere, which includes the crust and upper mantle, and the types of rocks that make up the different layers, such as basalt in the crust and iron and nickel in the outer core.
Resources
A resource is a source or supply that produces benefits and satisfies needs. Resources can be natural, human-made, or human. Natural resources come from the environment and include materials like land, water, air, minerals, plants and animals. Human-made resources are natural substances changed by humans into buildings, machines etc. Human resources refer to people's skills, labor, knowledge and organizations. Resources are classified by their origin, development level, availability, and distribution. Conservation aims to manage natural resources sustainably for current and future use.
INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY
This document provides an overview of the different branches of geology. It discusses the definition of geology as the study of the Earth, including its origin, structure, composition and history. Some of the key branches mentioned include physical geology, mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, structural geology, geophysics, stratigraphy, geochemistry, paleontology, historical geology, economic geology, mining geology, hydrogeology, geology of Pakistan, resources engineering, photo geology, remote sensing, engineering geology, and field geology. Each branch is studied to better understand different aspects of the Earth and its materials.
Rock Types
There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form when magma cools and crystallizes, either underground or on the surface. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments, usually deposited by water. Metamorphic rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary rocks, but were changed by extreme heat and pressure within the Earth's crust, altering their structure. Rocks can be transformed between these types through the rock cycle as they are weathered, eroded, deposited, buried deep within the Earth, and sometimes melted.
structure and composition of lithosphere
The document discusses the lithosphere, which is the outermost solid shell of the Earth composed of the crust and upper mantle. It is divided into three main sections. The first section introduces the lithosphere and describes its composition and structure. The lithosphere consists of oceanic and continental crust and the upper mantle. The second section discusses various geological processes that affect the lithosphere like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and plate tectonics. The third section describes the chemical composition and types of rocks found in the lithosphere.
Mineral Resources
This document discusses India's mineral resources. It notes that India produces 89 minerals, including 4 fuel minerals, 11 metals, 52 non-metals, and 22 minor minerals. The main metallic minerals produced are iron ore, copper ore, chromite, zinc concentrates, gold, manganese ore, bauxite, and lead concentrates. The major non-metallic minerals are limestone, magnesite, dolomite, barytes, kaolin, gypsum, apatite, phosphorite, steatite and fluorite. The mineral industry in India includes 565 coal mines and 85 oil and gas projects employing over 1 million people daily on average.
Mineral resources and types of mining
This document defines different types of minerals and mining techniques. It discusses the criteria for a mineral, including being naturally occurring and having a crystalline structure. It defines identified resources, undiscovered resources, and reserves. It then describes various mining methods like underground mining, hydro-mining, and opencast mining. Finally, it outlines some environmental impacts of mining like water pollution, acid mine drainage, deforestation, and effects on groundwater.
Impact of climatic change on biosphere
Climate like any other physical phenomena it is dynamic and not static.
In every part of the world one year, one decade or one century is different than the other.
The change does not only have academic important but its effects in all the forms of life.
Plants, animals, human beings change with changes of climate.
In general, all living species thrive under definite and limit conditions and any great deviation from that will leads to destruction and death of the species.
Ecology: Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments which includes Biotic Factors: (Living organisms) , Abiotic Factors: (Nonliving physical and chemical conditions of an environment).
What are the levels of the Ecology?
Ecology has Five Levels.
Individual organism: Single organism in an environment
Populations: Group of individual organisms of same species living in the same area
Communities: All of the organisms that inhabit a particular area make up a community, like coral reef and other organisms live around in the reef
Ecosystems: An ecosystem includes both the biotic and abiotic factors of an area
Biosphere:
Sum of all of Earth's ecosystems, it is an envelope of air, land, and water supporting all living things on Earth. It consists of both the atmosphere and ocean.
Ecologists investigate global issues in the biosphere, including climate change and its effect on living things
The effects have been most dramatic at high latitudes, where multiple processes contribute to decreased surface reflectivity
Changes in temperature are causing species to shift their natural ranges; however, those are unable to move in line with changing temperatures are being put at risk.
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Ore minerals are found throughout the earth's crust in small, economically viable concentrations. They are located using remote sensing and surveys. Common ore minerals include uranium, chalcopyrite, and gold. Ore is mined using surface methods like open pit or strip mining, or underground methods like slope, shaft, or drift mining. The ore is then processed through steps like smelting, electrolysis, milling, and concentration to extract the desired metals in a purified form for human use.
mining_101 (1).ppt
Mining is the extraction of valuable materials from the earth. It is required to obtain materials that cannot be grown or made artificially. There are several types of mining including surface mining methods like open pit and strip mining, and subsurface mining methods like shaft, slope, and drift mining. Mining is important economically but can also cause environmental damage and health issues for miners. Key issues include mine safety, pollution from mine tailings and acid mine drainage, and damage to landscapes and water bodies. Regulations aim to reduce risks but mining continues to impact communities and environments.
mining_101.ppt
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals and materials from the earth. There are two main types of mining: surface mining, which takes place above ground, and subsurface mining, which occurs underground. Surface mining techniques include open-pit and strip mining and can cause significant environmental damage through habitat destruction and pollution. Subsurface mining techniques include shaft, slope, and drift mining and can be dangerous for miners due to risks of collapse, fire, and exposure to harmful substances. All mining operations generate waste materials that must be properly managed to prevent pollution of air and water if reclamation efforts are to be successful.
mining_101.ppt
Mining is the extraction of valuable materials from the earth. It is required to obtain materials that cannot be grown or made artificially. There are several types of mining including surface mining methods like open pit and strip mining, and subsurface mining methods like shaft, slope, and drift mining. Mining is important economically but can also cause environmental damage and health issues for miners. Key issues include mine safety, pollution from mine tailings and acid mine drainage, and damage to landscapes and water bodies. Regulations aim to reduce risks but mining continues to impact the environment.
NCERT_Class 8Geography 3.minerals and power resources
Class 8 NCERT,CBSE,State Board_Geography_Minerals and resources by
ACE Learning Hub
chandkec@gmail.com
CBSE geography 3_minerals and power resources
The document discusses minerals and power resources. It defines minerals as naturally occurring substances with definite chemical compositions. It describes the formation and properties of minerals and different types of minerals such as metallic, non-metallic, and mineral fuels. It also discusses the distribution of major mineral deposits around the world and the processes of mining and quarrying. The document then covers various conventional and non-conventional power resources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, and hydel power. It highlights India's key reserves and producers of different resources.
Gold: The Most Precious of Metals - FocusEconomics
In this presention we discuss why gold is so unique by explaining how it is mined and processed and discuss how its unique physical properties make it one of the most useful metals. Finally, we end the post with a section on gold's importance to the global economy, the factors that set it apart from all other commodities, and how it can be classed as both a commodity and a monetary asset. Read the original blog post here: http://goo.gl/p2dFUs
Minerals of the earths crust
This document provides an overview of minerals and their origins, composition, identification, formation, mining, and uses. It discusses how mineralogy was founded and later advanced through scientists like Georgius Agricola and Romé de l'Isle. Minerals are defined as naturally occurring inorganic solids with a definite chemical structure and composition. The main methods for identifying minerals are examining their physical properties such as color, luster, cleavage, hardness, and density. The document also describes techniques for mining minerals, the regulations around responsible mining practices, and common applications of metallic and nonmetallic minerals.
ORE MINERALS.pptx
Ore minerals can be found through modern mining technology using geophysical techniques to detect magnetic, gravity, and sonic responses from rock. There are two main mining methods: surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining involves removing overburden to access near-surface ore deposits using open-pit, strip, or dredging techniques. Underground mining requires tunneling below the surface and is more dangerous than surface mining since explosives are used. The mineral processing process extracts and refines minerals from ore through steps like sampling, analysis, comminution (crushing and grinding), concentration to separate valuables from waste, and dewatering to produce usable materials.
minerals and power resources ppt
This document provides information about minerals and power resources. It discusses the classification of minerals as metallic and non-metallic. Metallic minerals contain metals in raw form, such as iron ore, bauxite and manganese ore. It also describes the extraction processes for different types of minerals including mining, open-cast mining, shaft mining and drilling. The document further discusses the distribution of important minerals like iron, copper and bauxite around the world and in India. It concludes with the uses, conservation and conventional sources of energy like firewood and fossil fuels.
Mining practices
This document discusses mining methods, their environmental and social impacts, and efforts to restore mined lands. It describes how minerals are extracted through various mining techniques like strip mining, underground mining, open pit mining and mountaintop removal. These methods can significantly damage the environment by destroying habitats, polluting water sources, and degrading land. The document also notes issues like human rights abuses during mineral extraction in places like the Democratic Republic of Congo and challenges with fully restoring mined lands.
Similar to Mineral resources (20)
NCERT_Class 8Geography 3.minerals and power resources
NCERT_Class 8Geography 3.minerals and power resources
Gold: The Most Precious of Metals - FocusEconomics
Gold: The Most Precious of Metals - FocusEconomics
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Study Material for Applications of Stem Cells In Health Care
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By Atuluri Vamsi Kumar
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Properties of White Blood Cells
I am Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Academician in Medical Laboratory Sciences of highly successful job experience and a strong desire to improve OBE structured MLT education. I am constantly focusing on building an academic atmosphere that is set high standards with strong multi blended teaching pedagogy models. Contact me at 7416660584.
Notes of Shape and Size of RBCs, Structure of RBCs, Life Cycle of RBCs, Funct...
Red Blood Cells (RBCs) possess unique attributes essential for their function in the circulatory system. Their distinctive biconcave shape maximizes surface area for efficient gas exchange. Structurally, mature RBCs lack a nucleus, making room for hemoglobin, a molecule vital for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. These cells undergo a lifecycle that lasts about 120 days, originating from the bone marrow and eventually being removed by the spleen. Their primary role involves ferrying oxygen to body tissues and removing carbon dioxide. Additionally, changes in RBC size, shape, or hemoglobin content can signify various medical conditions, and there are specific disorders, like anemia or sickle cell disease, that directly impact RBCs.
Hematology notes
What is Medical Lab Technology, Difference between Treatment, Prognosis and Diagnosis, Role of Doctor or Physician and Medical Lab Technologist, Vital Signs, Significance of Vital Signs Assessment, Difference Between Signs and Symptoms in Patient Assessment, Example Case Study on Signs and Symptoms, Definition of Disease, Definition of Illness, Definition of Infection, Factors Contributing to Disease, Introduction to Factors Contributing to Disease, Types of Samples that Can be Collected from Patients for Clinical Diagnosis, Additional Types of Samples for Clinical Diagnosis.
Complete Hematology Lab Manual_22MLH-201.pdf
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
Welcome to the Hematology Laboratory Practical Manual, an essential tool in your journey as a Medical Laboratory Technology student. This manual has been meticulously curated to provide an effective foundation for your practical skills in hematology and enhance your understanding of the human blood system's dynamics.
Hematology, a branch of medicine, focuses on the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. It includes the study of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of blood diseases. The manual bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, intending to prepare you to perform and interpret various laboratory tests related to blood.
The manual introduces you to laboratory practices, standard operating procedures, and safety protocols. It explores a wide range of topics from the basic blood collection techniques, preparation of blood smears, and staining techniques to complex tests like complete blood count (CBC), coagulation tests, bone marrow examination, hemoglobinopathies, and blood group typing, to name a few.
Understanding the principles and methods used in hematology laboratory tests is crucial for any Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT). You will find this manual to be instrumental in developing the necessary skillset and cultivating the meticulous approach required in laboratory practice. Each practical in this manual is supplemented with objectives, materials required, procedures, observations, precautions, and viva questions to enrich your learning experience.
The laboratory is a place where the theories you learn in the classroom come alive. Here, you will understand the importance of accuracy, precision, and repeatability. You will learn to calibrate equipment, handle samples, observe reactions, record data, analyze results, and generate reports. You will become acquainted with the microscope, centrifuge, pipettes, hemocytometers, reagents, and other laboratory tools.
To further enhance your learning experience, case studies and clinical correlation sections are incorporated, connecting the dots between laboratory findings and clinical symptoms. You will be challenged to interpret results and provide a plausible explanation for various hematological conditions.
This manual is designed to stimulate your curiosity, encourage critical thinking, and prepare you for your future role as a Medical Laboratory Technologist. It is not merely a collection of laboratory procedures but a practical guide to understanding the human blood system and its associated disorders.
The path to becoming a competent MLT involves understanding and respecting the significance of laboratory practices. It's about knowing that each sample represents a person awaiting diagnosis, treatment, or confirmation of health stat
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This course provides an in-depth exploration of blood bank laboratory practices and procedures, introducing students to the core concepts and technical skills involved in blood banking. The program uses a case-based approach to facilitate the application of theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios, encouraging problem-solving skills and clinical reasoning. The curriculum spans from basic principles and safety considerations to advanced testing techniques and current trends in blood banking, providing comprehensive coverage of this essential area of medical lab technology.
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54_Research Project.pdf
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51_Introduction to Artificial Intelligence and its applications.pdf
This course provides an in-depth understanding of the fundamentals, applications, and future trends of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of medical lab technology. It covers the role of AI in clinical lab diagnostics, predictive analysis, big data interpretation, precision medicine, and ethical considerations in AI deployment. Through case studies, students will gain practical insights into the use of AI in healthcare.
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Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
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This syllabus covers the foundational aspects of Research Methodology and Biostatistics. The course is designed to equip students with the necessary understanding and skills to formulate research problems, address ethical considerations, design research studies, comprehend the basic concepts of Biostatistics, and understand the relationship between data and variables. The aim is to enhance the students' ability to construct, summarize, and analyze data in biostatistics effectively.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
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Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
原版制作(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Overview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland managementGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and ActionOptimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as the Directive 2002/95/EC. It includes the restrictions for the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. RoHS is a WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Presented by James Reed at "9th Landscape Sustainability Science Forum" on 11 May 2024
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
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Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Presented by Agus Julianto on GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably
Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR)-2023.pptx
Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR-2023).
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyImproving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...Global Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyRecently uploaded (20)
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR)-2023.pptx
Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR)-2023.pptx
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Mineral resources
- 1. MODULE 1 NATURAL RESOURCES #Mineral resources
- 2. Course outcomes • Understand About environment and its components and Problems associated with natural resources and their sustainable use
- 3. Learning Outcomes On completion of the course the students will be able to 1. Explore the world of minerals 2. Identify mineral groups recognized geologists 3. Identify physical properties of minerals 4. Recognize rock-forming minerals 5. Recognize natural resources and reserves
- 5. I need not to Explain!
- 7. Classification of mineral resources
- 10. Minerals and Environments • Minerals form in a variety of environments in the Earth’s crust. • Each of these environments has a different set of physical and chemical conditions. • Therefore, the environment in which a mineral forms determines the mineral’s properties. • Environments in which minerals form may be on or near the Earth’s surface or deep beneath the Earth’s surface.
- 12. Mining • Many kinds of rocks and minerals must be mined to extract the valuable elements they contain. • Geologists use the term ore to describe a mineral deposit large enough and pure enough to be mined for profit.
- 13. Mining Continued • Rocks and minerals are removed from the ground by one of two methods –Surface mining or subsurface mining • The method miners choose depends on how close to the surface or how far down in the Earth the mineral is located.
- 14. Surface Mining • When mineral deposits are located at or near the surface of the Earth, surface-mining methods are used to remove the minerals. • Types of surface mines include open pits, surface coal mines, and quarries.
- 15. Open-pit Mining • Open-pit mining is used to remove large, near- surface deposits of economically important minerals such as gold and copper. • Ore is mined downward, layer by layer, in an open-pit mine. • Explosives are often used to break up the ore.
- 16. Quarries • Quarries are open pits that are used to mine building stone, crushed rock, sand, and gravel. • Coal that is near the surface is removed by surface coal mining. • Surface coal mining is sometimes known as strip mining because the coal is removed in strips that may be as wide as 50 m and as long as 1 km.
- 17. This quarry in northwest Georgia is an open pit used to mine granite.
- 18. Subsurface Mining • Subsurface mining methods are used when mineral deposits are located too deep within the Earth to be surface mined. • Subsurface mining often requires that passageways be dug into the Earth to reach the ore. • If a mineral deposit extends deep within the Earth, however, a vertical shaft is sunk.
- 20. Responsible Mining • Mining gives us the minerals we need, but it may also create problems. • Mining can destroy or disturb the habitats of plants and animals. • Also, the waste products from a mine may get into water sources, which pollutes surface water and groundwater.
- 21. Mine Reclamation • One way to reduce the potential harmful effects of mining is to return the land to its original state after the mining is completed. • The process by which land used for mining is returned to its original state or better is called reclamation. • Reclamation of mined public and private land has been required by law since the mid-1970s.
- 22. The Use of Minerals Mineral Uses • Copper - electrical wire, plumbing, coins • Diamond - jewelry, cutting tools, drill bits • Galena - batteries, ammunition • Gibbsite - cans, foil, appliances, utensils • Gold -jewelry, computers, spacecraft, dentistry • Gypsum - wallboards, plaster, cement • Halite - nutrition, highway de-icer, water softener • Quartz - glass, computer chips • Silver - photography, electronics products, jewelry • Sphalerite - jet aircraft, spacecraft, paints
- 24. Metallic Minerals • Some minerals are metallic. • Metallic minerals have shiny surfaces, do not let light pass through them, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. • Metallic minerals can be processed into metals that are strong and do not rust. These properties make metals desirable for use in aircraft, automobiles, computers, communications and electronic equipment, and spacecraft.
- 25. Nonmetallic Minerals • Other minerals are nonmetals. • Nonmetallic minerals have shiny or dull surfaces, may let light pass through them, and are good insulators of electricity. • Nonmetallic minerals are some of the most widely used minerals in industry. • For example, calcite is a major component of concrete, which is used in building roads, buildings, bridges, and other structures. • Industrial sand and gravel, or silica, have uses that range from glassmaking to producing computer chips.
- 26. Gemstones • Some nonmetallic minerals, called gemstones, are highly valued for their beauty and rarity rather than for their usefulness. • Important gemstones include diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, aquamarine, topaz, and tourmaline. • Color is the most important characteristic of a gemstone. – The mass of a gemstone is expressed in a unit known as a carat. One carat is equal to 200 mg.