Mineral Resources
1. Use and over exploitation
2. Minerals and their ores extraction
3. Mine Safety
4. Case Study
5. Environmental Problems
The environmental damage caused by mining activities are as follows:
1. Devegetation and defacing of landscape
2. Subsidence of land
3. Groundwater contamination
4. Surface water pollution
5. Air pollution
6. Occupational health hazard
Among the Subjects of Earth Sciences, Economic Geology deals with all the Mineral resources, mineral fuels, their distribution and their role for the economic development of a nation.
India has a good amount of all natural resources. Among the resources, minerals are the major contributors of the national economy. India is a country, much dependent on the available natural resources for its economy. This lesson is on the “ Mineral Resources in India”.
IN THIS PPT U WILL LEARN ABOUT THE FOLLOWING SUB-TOPICS OF MANGANESE:-
-Uses
-Distribution
-Eco Significance
-Reserves in India
-Agencies exploring it
-Problems related to its exploitation
-Marketing and Production strategy
-Export and Import
Among the Subjects of Earth Sciences, Economic Geology deals with all the Mineral resources, mineral fuels, their distribution and their role for the economic development of a nation.
India has a good amount of all natural resources. Among the resources, minerals are the major contributors of the national economy. India is a country, much dependent on the available natural resources for its economy. This lesson is on the “ Mineral Resources in India”.
IN THIS PPT U WILL LEARN ABOUT THE FOLLOWING SUB-TOPICS OF MANGANESE:-
-Uses
-Distribution
-Eco Significance
-Reserves in India
-Agencies exploring it
-Problems related to its exploitation
-Marketing and Production strategy
-Export and Import
Mineral Resources
Types of Mineral Resources
Uses of Mineral Resources
Associated problems with Mineral Resources
Environmental problems due to extracting & using Mineral Resources
Mineral Resources
Types of Mineral Resources
Uses of Mineral Resources
Associated problems with Mineral Resources
Environmental problems due to extracting & using Mineral Resources
It is one of my finest works . A detailed packet of information of minerals with their types, how they are formed, mining processes and protection from mining hazards.
Life processes are the fundamental activities that living organisms perform to maintain their existence and carry out their biological functions. These processes are essential for an organism's growth, development, and survival. Here are some of the key life processes:
Nutrition: Nutrition involves the intake of food or nutrients to provide energy and essential substances for the growth, repair, and functioning of the organism's body. It includes processes such as ingestion, digestion, absorption, and assimilation of nutrients.
Respiration: Respiration is the process of exchanging gases (usually oxygen and carbon dioxide) with the environment. In cellular respiration, oxygen is used to break down nutrients and release energy for the cell's activities.
Transportation: Transportation is the movement of materials (e.g., nutrients, gases, hormones) throughout the organism's body, facilitating the distribution of essential substances and the removal of waste products.
Excretion: Excretion is the elimination of metabolic waste products and harmful substances from the organism's body. It is essential to maintain a proper balance of chemicals and prevent toxic buildup.
Growth: Growth is the process by which an organism increases in size and complexity. It involves cell division, differentiation, and the addition of new cells and tissues.
Reproduction: Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring, ensuring the continuation of their species. It can be sexual or asexual, depending on the organism.
Response to Stimuli: Organisms respond to changes in their environment through various mechanisms. This responsiveness enables them to adapt to their surroundings and ensure their survival.
Regulation (Homeostasis): Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves various physiological processes that keep the body's conditions within a certain range.
Metabolism: Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. These reactions are responsible for converting nutrients into energy and building and repairing cellular components.
These life processes are essential for the proper functioning of all living organisms, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular beings. Each process plays a crucial role in ensuring the overall health and survival of the organism.
The Ultimate Guide to Understanding the Human Digestive SystemDeepanshuYadav2
Human Digestive System: Unraveling the Intricacies of our Inner Factory
Introduction
Welcome to this comprehensive guide on the human digestive system! In this article, we will embark on a fascinating journey through the intricacies of our inner factory, exploring the processes and functions that allow our bodies to break down and absorb nutrients from the food we consume. Join us as we unravel the secrets of digestion, absorption, and elimination, shedding light on the marvelous mechanism that keeps us nourished and energized.
The Human Digestive System: An Overview
The human digestive system is a complex network of organs and processes that work together to facilitate the digestion and absorption of food. From the moment we take a bite to the final elimination of waste, this remarkable system ensures that our bodies receive the vital nutrients needed for growth, repair, and maintenance.
The Mouth: Where It All Begins
The journey of digestion commences in the mouth. As food enters our oral cavity, it undergoes the first stage of mechanical digestion through the process of chewing. The teeth break down the food into smaller pieces, increasing its surface area for efficient chemical digestion. The saliva, secreted by the salivary glands, also plays a crucial role by moistening the food and initiating the breakdown of complex carbohydrates with the enzyme amylase.
The Esophagus: A Pathway to the Stomach
Once food is sufficiently chewed and mixed with saliva, it travels down the esophagus, a muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach. Through rhythmic contractions known as peristalsis, the esophagus propels the food downward, allowing it to reach the stomach for further processing.
The Stomach: A Gastric Playground
The stomach serves as a temporary reservoir for food and facilitates both mechanical and chemical digestion. It churns and mixes the food with gastric juices, including hydrochloric acid and enzymes such as pepsin. This powerful combination breaks down proteins and kills harmful bacteria, preparing the food for the next phase of digestion.
The Small Intestine: The Hub of Absorption
The small intestine is where the magic of absorption truly takes place. Divided into three parts—the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum—it receives the partially digested food from the stomach. The walls of the small intestine are lined with finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. Here, the nutrients are broken down into their smallest forms and are transported into the bloodstream for distribution to the body's cells.
The Large Intestine: Processing Waste
As the now-depleted food mass enters the large intestine, the focus shifts from digestion to waste processing. The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining undigested material, forming solid waste known as feces. The feces are then stored in the rectum until elimination through the anus occurs.
Mandayam Osuri Parthasarathy Yengar, known as M.O.P. Yengar, was a highly accomplished botanist who made significant contributions to the study of plant taxonomy and systematics.
Born on August 6, 1916, in Bangalore, India, Yengar developed a profound fascination for plants at an early age. He pursued his passion by earning a Bachelor of Science degree from Bangalore University, followed by a Master's degree in Botany from the esteemed University of Cambridge in England.
Yengar's expertise centered on the flora of India, specifically the Western Ghats region. He conducted extensive botanical surveys, meticulously collecting and identifying numerous plant species. His work greatly enhanced our understanding of the diverse biodiversity in that area.
Throughout his career, Yengar authored numerous scholarly papers and publications that showcased his meticulous research and extensive knowledge of plant taxonomy. He specialized in the classification and identification of grasses and sedges, making significant contributions to their categorization.
Yengar's remarkable contributions earned him well-deserved recognition and respect within the scientific community. He received numerous awards and honors, including the prestigious Hooker Award from the Botanical Survey of India, in acknowledgement of his exceptional contributions to the field of botany.
Apart from his scientific endeavors, Yengar was devoted to teaching and mentoring future botanists. He served as a professor at several universities in India, inspiring and nurturing young minds with his passion for plants.
The legacy of M.O.P. Yengar as a botanist continues to exert a profound influence on the field of plant taxonomy. His meticulous research, extensive knowledge, and unwavering dedication to the study and preservation of India's botanical diversity have left an enduring impact on the scientific community, serving as an inspiration to aspiring botanists worldwide.
While Mandayam Osuri Parthasarathy Yengar was a highly accomplished botanist, it is important to acknowledge that no individual is without their limitations or drawbacks. Here are 20 potential points that could be considered as drawbacks or areas where Yengar may have faced challenges:
Limited focus: Yengar's expertise primarily revolved around the flora of India, particularly the Western Ghats region, which may have limited his contributions to a broader global context.
Lack of specialization: Although Yengar made significant contributions to plant taxonomy, his specialization in grasses and sedges may have resulted in a narrower scope of research.
Limited fieldwork: While Yengar conducted extensive botanical surveys, there could have been constraints on his ability to explore more remote or inaccessible regions, potentially limiting the comprehensiveness of his research.
Language barriers: Yengar's research and publications may have been primarily in English, which could have limited the accessibility and dissemination
Identity formation is the fundamental development task of psychological maturity.
It is a striving to achieve unified, integrated sense of self.
Identity is a definition of self shared by the person, other people and society at large.
Human Dynamics is identifies fundamental distinctions in human functioning that cross age, culture, race, and gender.
When the differences are recognized and understood, people are better able to appreciate their diverse ways of functioning, and to relate, manage, parent and teach in ways that accommodate the differences, enabling all to function at their individual and collective best.
1. absorption: passage of digested products from the intestinal lumen through mucosal cells and into the bloodstream or lacteals
2. chemical digestion: enzymatic breakdown of food
3. chyme: soupy liquid created when food is mixed with
digestive juices
4. defecation: elimination of undigested substances from the
body in the form of feces
5. ingestion: taking food into the GI tract through the mouth
6. mastication: chewing
7. mechanical digestion: chewing, mixing, and segmentation
that prepares food for chemical digestion
8. peristalsis: muscular contractions and relaxations that propel
food through the GI tract
9. propulsion: voluntary process of swallowing and the
involuntary process of peristalsis that moves food through the
digestive tract
10. segmentation: alternating contractions and relaxations of
non-adjacent segments of the intestine that move food
forward and backward, breaking it apart and mixing it with
digestive juices
Project work, Field trips, Laboratory work, Journal writing, concept mapping,...DeepanshuYadav2
The key focus and desired outcomes for Project Work are:
1. Communication
2. Students can express their ideas clearly and effectively, both verbally and in written form.
3. Collaboration
4. Students can work as a team to achieve common goals.
5. Knowledge application
6. Students are able to make links across different areas of knowledge and to generate, develop and evaluate ideas and information related to the project.
7. Independent learning
8. Students are able to learn on their own, reflect on their learning and improve upon it.
HYDROXY ACIDS:- MALIC, TARTARIC AND CITRIC ACIDSDeepanshuYadav2
Hydroxy acids, also known as polycarboxylic acids, has two carboxylic groups, at least. They can also present one carboxylic group or a hydroxyl group with a ketone. The most common hydroxy acids used to make multicomponent complexes with cyclodextrin are:
1.citric acid,
2. tartaric acid,
3. glycolic acid,
4. oxalic acid.
The plants of this family are found throughout the world. However, they are not found in arctic regions. In our country the family is represented by several genera such as, Euphorbia, Ricinus, Phyllanthus, Croton, Pedilanthus, etc. In the desert regions of Africa and elsewhere the family is represented by cactus-like plants of different species of Euphorbia.
Heath like Euphorbias are quite common in Australia. In Britain only two genera, i.e., Euphorbia and Mercurialis are found, which are represented by sixteen and two species respectively.
1. DEFINITION
These are the membranes which do not form any part of
the embryo proper but performs various functions which
assist in the development of the embryo . These are
discarded at the time of hatching. These membranes
formed outside the embryo.
2. Types of Extra Embryonic Membranes
Yolk Sac
Amnion
Chorion
Allantois
3.Discussed Their
At Time of ORIGIN
It's FUNCTION
After HATCHING
4. AMNIOTIC CAVITY
............................END......................................................
Strategies of Resolving Commonly Experienced ConflictsDeepanshuYadav2
1. CONFLICT ?
Conflict can be defined as an expressed struggle between at least interdependent parties, who perceive that incompatible goals, scare resources, or interference from others are preventing them from achieving their goals.
2. TYPES OF CONFLICTS
Intrapersonal Conflict
Interpersonal Conflict
Intergroup Conflict
Organizational Conflict
3. Conflict Management
Identify the boundaries of the conflict, the areas of agreement and disagreement, and the extent of each person's aims.
Understand the factors that limit the possibilities of managing the conflict constructively.
Be aware of whether more than one issue is involved.
Be open to the ideas, feelings, and attitudes expressed by the people involved.
Be willing to accept outside help to mediate the conflict.
CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES
CONTENT OUTLINE
▰INTRODUCTION
▰MAIN OBJECTIVES
▰SALIENT FEATURES
▰MATERIAL’S PRODUCED
▰MERITS
▰DEMERITS
PHILOSOPHY BEHIND HPP
▰Physics is for everyone.
▰A coherent selection within physics is possible.
▰Doing physics goes beyond physics.
▰Individual require a flexible course.
▰A multimedia system simulates better learning.
▰The time has come to teach science as one of the humanities.
▰Physics course should be rewarding to take.
▰Physics course should be rewarding to teach.
COURSE OUTLINE OF HARVARD PROJECT PHYSICS
▰CONCEPTS OF MOTION
▰MOTION IN THE HEAVENS
▰THE TRIUMPH OF MECHANICS
▰LIGHT AND ELECTROMAGNETISM
▰MODELS OF THE ATOM
▰THE NUCLEUS
MATERIAL’S PRODUCED
▰Textbook (Project Physics Text)
▰Tests
▰Handbook
▰Students Guide
▰Brief film loops
▰Student laboratory manual
CONCLUSION
▰The Harvard Project Physics curriculum is a masterpiece. Although this
was created in the 1960's and mainly in use during the 1970’s.
▰The adaptability of the materials would allow teachers incorporate new
teaching idea while still using the framework of Project Physics.
▰With a great deal of hands on activities and a focus on literacy, the
curriculum would meet the goals set forth by most school districts today.
▰HPP is a course that altered how all future science curriculums would be
developed.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
2. Use and over exploitation
01
Minerals and their ores
extraction
02
Mine Safety
03
Case Study
04
Environmental Problems
05
3. Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline
solids having a definite chemical composition and
characteristic physical properties
Minerals are formed over a period of millions
of years in the earth’s crust
Mineral Resources
4. Characteristics of minerals
Ubiquitousin nature (found everywhere )
Both organic and inorganic
Organic minerals:Coal,Petroleum&NaturalGas
Inorganicminerals:Iron ,Copper,Manganeseetc…
Metallicmineralsare not readily usable
They are found in the form of ores.
Mineralsare used electricalappliances.
Mineralsprovideraw materialto industries.
Most mineralsoccur in crustbut some occur very deep intotheearth(petroleum)
5. Section
Break 1
Insert the Sub Title
of Your Presentation
• Metallic Content
-Metallic minerals
-Non metallicminerals
• IronContent
-Ferrousminerals
-Non ferrrousminerals
6. Major Reserve and important
uses
Metal Major WorldResources Major uses
Aluminium Australia, Guinea,Jamaica Packaging food items, transportations, utensils
Chromium CIS,SouthAfrica For making high strength steel alloys
Copper USA, Canada,CIS,Chile,Zambia Electricand Electronicgoods
Iron CIS,SouthAmerica,Canada,USA Heavy machinery, steel production transportation means
Lead NorthAmerica, USA,CIS Leaded gasoline,Car batteries, paints
Manganese SouthAfrica,CIS, Brazil,Gabon High strength, heat resistantsteel alloys
Platinumgroup SouthAfrica,CIS Use inAutomobiles, catalytic converters, electronics,medicaluses
Gold SouthAfrica ,CIS,Canada Ornaments, medicaluse,electronics use
Silver Canada,SouthAfrica, Mexico Photography, electronics,jeweler
Nickel
CIS,Canada, New Caledonia
7. National Mineral Scenario
India produces as many as 87 minerals, which
includes 4 fuel, 10 metallic, 47 non-metallic, 3
atomic and 23 minor minerals (including building
and other materials).
India possesses a large variety of mineral-
ores in fairly huge quantities
India is rich in coal, manganese, iron,
chromites and mica. It is deficient in the
gold, silver, nickel etc.
9. Use And Exploitation
Development of industrial plants and machinery
Generation of energy e.g. coal, lignite,uranium
Construction, housing, settlements.
Transportation means
Defense equipments weapons, armaments
10.
11. Use And Exploitation
Communication- telephone wires,cables, electronic devices
Medicinal system- particularly inAyurvedic System
Formation of alloys for various purposes (e.g. phosphorite)
Jewellery–e.g. Gold, silver, platinum, diamond
Agriculture –asfertilizers, seed dressings and fungicides (e.g. zineb
containing zinc, Maneb- containing manganese etc..)
13. MINING
Minerals and their ores need to be extracted from the earth’s
interior so that they can be used. This process is known as mining.
Mining operations generally progress through four stages:
• Prospecting: Searching for minerals.
• Exploration: Assessing the size, shape, location, and
economic value of the deposit.
• Development: Work of preparing access to
the deposit so that the minerals can be extracted from
it.
• Exploitation: Extracting the minerals from the mines.
• Reclaimation: for cleaner environment and stricter
laws regulating the abandonment of a mine.
15. Types of Mining
Surface Mining Underground Mining
Placer Mining
Strip Mining
Mountaintop
removal
Hydraulic
Open pit
Dredging
Drift Mining
Slope Mining
Shaft Mining
Hard rock
Bore hole
MINING
Mining is the extraction of valuable
minerals or other geological materials
fromthe earth from an ore body, lode,
vein, seam, or reef, which forms the
mineralized package of economic
interest tothe miner.
17. Mine Safety
• Mining is a hazardous
occupation, and the safety of
mine workers is an important
environmental consideration of
the industry.
• Surface mining is less hazardous than
underground mining.
• Metal mining is less hazardous than
coal mining.
18. Mine Safety
• Mines, rock and roof falls,
flooding, and inadequate
ventilation are the greatest
hazards.
• Large explosions have occured
in coal mines, killing many
miners. More miners have
suffered from disasters due to
the use of explosives in metal
mines
21. Mining in Sariska Tiger Reserve in Aravallis
• The Araballi range is spread over about 692Km in the North-West India
Coverving Gujarat. Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi.
• The hill region is very rich in biodiversity as well as mineral resources.
• The Sariska Tiger reserve has gentle slopy hills, vertical rocky valleys, flat
plains as well as deep gorges.
• The reserve is very rich in wild life and has enormous mineral reserves like
quartzite, Schists, marble and granite in abundance.
• Mining operations within and around the Sariska Tiger reserve has left many
areas permanently infertile and barren.
• The precious wild life is under serious threat.
22. • We must preserve the Aravalli series as a National Heritage and the
Supreme Court on December 31st, 1991 has given a judgement in
response to a Public Interest Litigation of Tarun Bharat Sangh, an NGO
wherein both Centre and State Government of Rajasthan have been
directed to ensure that all mining activity within the park be stopped.
• More than 400 mines were shut immediately. But, still some illegal
mining isin progress.
23. • About 200 open cast mining and quarrying centers in Udaipur about half to which are
illegal are involed in stone mining including soap stone,building stone, rock phosphate
and dolomite.
• The mines spread over 15,000 hectares in Udaipur have caused many adverse
impacts on environment. About 150 tones of explosives are used per month in blasting.
24. • The waste water flows towards a big tank of “BagDara”.
• Due to scarcity of water people are compelled to use this
effluent for irrigationpurpose.
• The blasting activity has adversely affected the fauna and the
animals like tiger, lion, deer and even hare, fox, wild cats and
birds have disappeared from the mining area.
• The overburden, washoff, discharge of mine water etc. pollute
the water.The Maton mines have badly polluted theAhar river.
The hills around the mines are devoid of any vegetation
except a few scattered patches and the hills are suffering
from acute soil erosion.
27. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF
MINERAL EXTRACTION AND USE
.
The issue related to the limits of the mineral
resources in our earth's crust or in the ocean is not
so significant. More important environmental
concern arises from the impacts of extraction and
processing of these minerals during mining,
smelting etc.
• Jaduguda Uranium Mine, Jharkhand—exposing local
people to radioactivehazards.
• Jharia coal mines, Jharkhand—underground fire
leading to land subsidence and forced displacement
of people.
• Sukinda chromite mines, Orissa—seeping of
hexavalent chromium into river posing serious
health hazard, Cr6+ being highly toxic and
carcinogenic. of groundwater.
Jaduguda UraniumMine Jharia coal mines
Sukinda chromitemines
28. ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS OF MINERAL EXTRACTIONAND
USE
.
The issue related to the limits of the mineral resources
in our earth's crust or in the ocean is not so
significant. More important environmental concern
arises from the impacts of extraction and processing of
these minerals during mining, smelting etc.
• Kudremukh iron ore mine, Karnataka—causing river
pollution and threat tobiodiversity.
• East coast Bauxite mine,Orissa—Land encroachment
and issue of rehabilitation unsettled.
• North-Eastern Coal Fields, Assam—Veryhigh
sulphur contamination
Kudremukh iron ore mine
29. The environmental damage caused by
mining activities are as follows:
• Devegetation and defacing of landscape
• Subsidence ofland
• Groundwater contamination
• Surface waterpollution
• Airpollution
• Occupational Health Hazards
Devegetation
Subsidence ofland
waterpollution waterpollution
Airpollution