Introduction to spss

Dr.R.Kalidasan
Assistant Professor (SG)
Department of Physical Education
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli-620 024
INTRODUCTION TO SPSS
04/05/17 1SPSS - Dr.SACPE

04/05/17 SPSS - Dr.SACPE 2
Two Days Workshop on Data Analysis Using Statistical Tool (SPSS)
organised by
Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Physical Education
Tiruchendur – 628 215
on
10th
& 11th
March 2017
Introduction to SPSS
•Variable View / Data View
•Scale / Ordinal / Nominal
•Export to Database Wizard
•Transform Data
•Descriptive Statistics : Frequency Distribution and Cross tabs

Research is critical for human progress
and as long as there is research, there will
be the need to analyze data.
Data analysis is the language of research.
Data analysis using statistical tool.
Research and Data analysis

Statistical analysis
90% of all statistical analysis is performed by
computers
Computer
Easily
Quickly
More accurate than other device
Data & results can be saved
Statistical analysis Software
Open source (FREE) & Commercial (Pay)

Free Statistical Software
 SAS University
Edition
 GNU Octave
 ADaMSoft
 BV4.1
 PSPP
 R
 PbdR
 Shogun
 CSPRo
 CumFreq
Gretl.
GDL
Open Mx
OpenStat
MaxStat Lite
Version
Sage
DAP
EPiInfo
Develve
Dashboard of
sustainability

Sl.No. Name of the software Owned by
1. SPSS IBM
2. QlikSense Qlik
3. MATLAB The Mathworks
4. Alteryx Designer Alteryx
5. Minitab17 Minitab
6. MatStat MaxStat software
7. Stata State Corp
8. SAS Business Intelligence SAS Institute
9. Plug & Score Modeler Plug & Score
10. TIBCO Enterprise Runtime for R TIBCO Software
11. Analyse-it Analyse-it Software
12. Analytica Lumina Decision Systems
13. Statwing Statwing
14. JMP Statistical Software JMP Statistical Software
15. Online Stock wise Predictor Altredo Finance Analysis and Software
TOP STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SOFTWARE PRODUCTS

SPSS
Most popular / preferred statistical analysis
User Friendly – analysis with simple instructions
Largely used in Social sciences, Health sciences and Marketing
Capable of handling large amount of data
Can perform highly complex data manipulation
To create tables and graphs

SPSS Usage
Market researchers
Health researchers
Educational researchers
Survey companies
Government agencies
Marketing agencies
Data miners and so on

SPSS Product Editions
SPSS Advanced Statistics
SPSS Amos
SPSS Bootstrapping
SPSS Categories
SPSS Complex Samples
SPSS Conjoint
SPSS Custom Tables
SPSS Data Preparation
SPSS Decision Trees
SPSS Direct Marketing
SPSS Exact tests
SPSS Forecasting
SPSS Missing Values
SPSS Neural Networks
SPSS Regression
SPSS Statistics Base
SPSS Statistics Campus
SPSS Statistics Faculty Pack
SPSS Statistics Grad Pack
SPSS Statistics Premium
SPSS Statistics Professional
SPSS Statistics Programmability Extension
SPSS Statistics Standard
SPSS for Linux on System Z
SPSS Text analytics for surveys

Software was originally created
by three Stanford graduate
students in the late 1960’s.
Norman H. Nie
American
Dale H. Bent
Canadian
C. Hadlai Hull
American
The software was released in its first version in 1968.

SPSS-1 1968
1975
SPSS-2 1983
SPSS-5 1993
SPSS-16 2008
SPSS Statistics 17.0.1 2008
PASW Statisticis 17.0.3 2009
IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 2010
VERSIONS OF SPSS

Latest Version - 24.0 / March 15, 2016
Operating Systems: Windows, Linux on z systems, Linux, UNIX, MacOS
Platform :Java
Size:~900 MB
License: Trailware
Website:
ibm.com/marketplace/cloud/statistical-analysis-and-reporting/

OFFICIAL NAME & LOGO
Earlier names
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)
Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS)
Present name
IBM SPSS Statistics

SPSS – earlier was just an academic exercise
and now to serious business.
Commercial software.
Cost range from Rs.3 lakhs and go up to Rs.17 lakhs
(approx.)
Trail version (30 days)
Now days special concession are given to
student and faculty - 12 months tariff
(ranging from Rs.85,700/- to Rs.5,70,000/-)

•Factor analysis
•Cluster analysis (two-step,
K-means hierarchical)
•Discriminant
Linear regression
•t-test
•ANOVA
•Correlation (bivariate,
partial, distances)
•Means
•Non parametric tests
Descriptive
Statistics
Bivariate
Statistics
Prediction for
numerical out comes
Prediction for
identifying groups
•Cross tabulation
•Frequencies
•Descriptives
•Explore
•Descriptive
Ratio Statistics
Statistics included in the base software

SPSS Software installation
Purchase Software (or) Trail / demo version
Downloading and Save it on the desk/Laptop

How to open SPSS
Go to

Click on All Programs
Click on SPSS Inc
Click on SPSS 16.0

Click on SPSS 16.0

Spread sheet
Dialog box
SPSS Data Editor

oRun the tutorial
oType in data
oRun an existing query
oCreate new query using Data wizard
oOpen an existing data source
oOpen another type of file
SPSS 16.0
Dialog box
What would you like to do?

Run the tutorial
Select Run the tutorial Click OK then it will go next page

Tutorial – Table of Contents
To read the tutorials click the relevant content

Type in data
Select Type in Data Click OK then it will go next Page

Data View
Data View Rows are cases (participants in the study)
Columns are variables
Drop down menus
Action buttons
Cel
l
data view “window”
Scroll bars
Tool bar

Variable View
Variable View
Name Type Width Decimals Label Values Missing Columns Align
Measure
Rows define the variable characteristics
VariableName64
Default decimal 2. If reqd. changes can be done
Default width 8.
It can be edited
Right, Left
or Centre
WidthMissing
value

File - Standard options for opening, saving, printing and exiting
Edit - Standard commands to undo, redo, cut, copy and paste
View - Options for showing/hiding toolbars, displaying values or their labels in Data Editor
Data – Used to manipulate the data; sort, merge & so on
Transform - Creation of new variables
Analyze - Heart of SPSS. This menu provides access to the statistical procedures for
analysing your data set. All the items on the analyze menu have sub menus.
Drop down menus

Graphs - Provide options to create high quality plots and charts.
Utilities - Used to display information on individual variables.
Window - Provides option for switching between different SPSS windows
Help – Contains SPSS help system
Drop down menus Cont.

Open files
Save data
Print file
Find data
Undo last operation
Redo last operation
Insert case
Insert variable
Tool bar

Types of Scales
Nominal- objects or people are categorized according to some
criterion (gender, job category)
Ordinal- Categories which are ranked according to characteristics
(income- low, moderate, high)
Interval- contain equal distance between units of measure- but no
zero (calendar years, temperature)
Ratio- has an absolute zero and consistent intervals
(distance, weight)

Variable View with a data set already loaded in SPSS

Data entry in SPSS
Runs scored by Indian Batsman in the
recently concluded 2nd
Test Match
between India and Australia
(India scored 189 in the first innings –
including 16 Extras)
90, 0, 17, 12, 17, 26, 7, 1, 3, 0, 0, 16

How to Enter data in SPSS
Go to

Click on SPSS Inc
Click on SPSS 16.0

Click on SPSS 16.0

Type in data
Select Type in Data Click OK then it will go next Page

In the data view page simple entry the
data in each cell one after another.

Go to Variable view page, we can
see by default the variables
characteristics will appear.

Enter the VAR00001 Name as Runs
In Label type India’s 1st
innings runs

Saving the data
with specific
file name

Descriptive statistics
Descriptive statistics are numbers that are used to
summarize and describe data.
The word "data" refers to the information that has
been collected from an experiment, a survey, a
historical record, and so on.
Measures of Central tendency – Mean, Median & Mode
Measures of Dispersion – Standard deviation, Minimum,
Maximum, Variance, Range, S.E.mean
Distribution – Skewness, Kurtosis
Percentiles – Quartiles, Percentile

Go to Descriptive statistics then go to Frequencies & Click

Frequencies tool bar will appear

By using arrow key India’s 1st
innings
runs is moved to Variable(s) side

If Statistics option is clicked Frequencies:
Statistics tool bar will appear

Select all measure
of Central tendency
and give Continue

By clicking Charts
option a tool bar will
appear, one has to
select appropriate
chart in this case Bar
Chart was selected

Click OK
for getting
output
results

Output results

Saving the
output results
with specific
file name

Descriptive Statistics
Exercise-I
Runs scored by Australian Batsman in the recently concluded 2nd
Test
Match between India and Australia
(Australia scored 276 in the First innings)
33, 60, 8, 66, 16, 0, 40, 26, 4, 0, 1, 22
Exercise-II
Runs scored by Indian Batsman in the recently concluded 2nd
Test Match
between India and Australia
(India scored 274 in the Second innings)
51, 16, 92, 15, 2, 52, 0, 20, 4, 1, 6, 15
Exercise-III
Runs scored by Australian Batsman in the recently concluded 2nd
Test
Match between India and Australia
(Australia scored 112 in the Second innings)
17, 5, 28, 9, 24, 13, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 11

Exercise-IV
Weight of babies (Kg) below 6 months taken
from a hospital record is given below. Calculate
mean, median, mode, standard deviation and
coefficient of skewness and kurtosis.
3.0 4.5 4.3 2.5 3.5 2.5 4.0 4.5 6.5 5.0
4.0 5.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 3.3 3.5 3.6 5.3
5.4 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.0 3.4
6.1 6.2 6.3 5.5 6.3 6.3 7.0 4.0 3.4 5.0

Export to Database Wizard
(Importing Data into SPSS)
Data stored in types of files, such as
an Excel files or text file
How to save in SPSS file format

Go to Start
Click on SPSS Inc
Click on SPSS 16.0
Select Create new
query using Database
Wizard in the dialog
box and Click OK

Data base Wizard
box will appear
Select ODBC
Data Sources
– in this case
Excel Files
and go to
Next

ODBC Driver Login
box will appear
Open Data
box will
appear

Click OK
Select Data
will appear

Select the Sheet1$ and more to other side using
arrow button

Limit Retrieved cases
box will appear
click Finish
Data were
imported to
SPSS

Crosstab or Cross Tabulation
It is a process or function that combines
and/or summarizes data from one or more
sources into a concise format for analysis or
reporting.
Crosstabs display the joint distribution of two
or more variables and they are usually
represented in the form of a contingency table
in a matrix.

Cross tabs
Data View
Variable View

Click “Analyze,” then hover over
“Descriptive Statistics” and then click
“Crosstabs.”

Crosstabs
box will
appear
Select Age and move
to Row(s) using
arrow key
Select Health care and move
to Column (s) using arrow
key

Click “Continue” and then click “OK” to get output results
In Crosstabs: Cell Display box
select percentage total

Transform Data
In the data view page simple entry the data in
each cell one after another.
Then perform a transformation of the data.
Transforming data is performed for a whole host of
different reasons
Not normally distributed to the new,
transformed data is normally distributed

Type the data in the Data View

Go to Variable View
Rename the variable,
"Data", instead of the
default, "VAR00001".

Using drop down
menu click Transform
and select Compute
Variable

Click "All" in the Function group: box, then scroll down in the
Functions and Special Variables: box and click "Lg10" to
select it.

Transfer the Lg10 function
into the Numeric Expression:
box by pressing the
button
Click the Data variable in the left-
hand box and then click the
button, which will result in the
expression you see in the
Numeric Expression: box below.

New variable a name
TrData
Type this name into the
Target Variable
Click Continue

Variable View
Transformation
of the data
completed
Data View

http://vassarstats.net/

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