SPSS

Presented By:
Kiran Suwal
Bachelor Of Pharmacy 7th semester
Karnali College of Health Sciences
Purbanchal University
2nd June 2018

WHAT IS SPSS?
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

INTRODUCTION TO SPSS
• SPSS stands for Statistical & Presentational System Software( previously stood for Statistical
Package for the Social Sciences).
• Originally it was developed as a programming language for conducting statistical analysis but now it
has grown into a complex and powerful application which now uses both a graphical and a syntactical
interface and provides dozens of functions for managing, analyzing, and presenting data.
• Its statistical capabilities alone range from simple perentages to complex analyses of variance,
multiple regressions, and general linear models.
• It was developedby Norman H. Nie and C. Hadlai Hull and team of IBM corporation in 1968.
• SPSS was made to be easier to use then other statistical software like S-Plus, R, or SAS, STATA
• The newest version of SPSS is SPSS 25.0. Today we will be working on SPSS 16.0.student version.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

USES/IMPORTANCE
Used in many fields including business, education, medicine and Researchers,
others. even students from Harvard and Yale are mandatory for data managing
and statistics calculation.
Why???
Can perform about 95%+ of your analysis easily.
It encompasses a wide range of statistical techniques from basic descriptive statistics
through to regression analysis and graphics.
Easily compare cases/data sets ( cross Tab)
Forget about formula errors
Forget about complex coding, English is used
Can easily analyze multiple response questions
Ultimately saves time, cost and energy
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

LIMITATIONS
Data files cannot contain more than 500 variables.
Data files cannot contain more than 1,5000 cases. SPSS Statistics add-on modules
(such as Advance Regression or Statistics) cannot be used with the Student Version
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

READING DATA
Data can be entered directly, or it can be imported from a number of different
sources. The processes for reading data stored in SPSS-format data files;
spreadsheet applications, such as Microsoft Excel; database applications, such as
Microsoft Access; and text files are all discussed in this chapter.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

INSTALLATION OF SPSS 16.0
(STUDENT VERSION)
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

INTRODUCING THE INTERFACE
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

SPSS WINDOWS
• There are six different windows that can be opened when using SPSS.
• They are as follows:
The Data Editor
The Output Navigator
The Pivot Table Editor
The Chart Editor
The Text Output Editor
The Syntax Editor
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

DATA EDITOR WINDOW
• The Data Editor is a spreadsheet in which you define your variables and enter data.
• Each row corresponds to a case while each column represents a variable.
• The title bar displays the name of the open data file or "Untitled" if the file has not
yet been saved.
• This window opens automatically when SPSS is started.
• One can create new data files or modify existing ones.
• The Data Editor consists of two windows.
Data view
Variable view
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

DATA VIEW
• The data view displays your actual data and any new variables you have created.
• Data values can be entered in the Data View spreadsheet.
• The appearance of the Data View spreadsheet is controlled by the View
drop-down menu.
• This can be used to change the font in the cells, remove lines, and make value labels visible.
• When labels have been assigned to the category codes of a categorical variable, these can
be displayed by checking Value Labels.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

VARIABLE VIEW
• The variable view window contains the definitions of each variable in your data set,
including its name, type, label, size, alignment, and other information.
• Each variable definition occupies a row of this spreadsheet.
• As soon as data is entered under a column in the Data View, the default name of the
column occupies a row in the Variable View.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

VARIABLE VIEW
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

OUTPUT NAVIGATOR WINDOW
• The Output Navigator window displays the statistical results, tables, and charts from
the analysis you performed.
• An Output Navigator window opens automatically when you run a procedure that
generates output.
• In the Output Navigator windows, you can edit, move, delete and copy your results
in a Microsoft Explorer-like environment.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

OUTPUT NAVIGATOR WINDOW
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

PIVOT TABLE EDITOR
• Output displayed in pivot tables can be modified in many ways with the Pivot Table
Editor.
• Pivot Table editor can be used to edit text, swap data in rows and columns, add
colour, create multidimensional tables, and selectively hide and show results.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

CHART EDITOR
• Certain chart (by double-clicking the chart) in an Output Navigator window can be
modified and saved into high-resolution charts and plots by invoking the Chart
Editor.
• The colours, different type of fonts or sizes, switching the horizontal and vertical
axes, rotating 3-D scatterplots, and changing the chart type can be done in chart
editor.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

TEXT OUTPUT EDITOR
• The text output that are not displayed in pivot tables can be modified with the Text
Output Editor.
• The output can be edited and font characteristics (type, style, colour, size) can be
changed by using text output editor.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

THE SYNTAX VIEW
• SPSS has never lost its roots as a programming language.
• Although most of your daily work will be done using the graphical interface, from
time to time you’ll want to make sure that you can exactly reproduce the steps
involved in arriving at certain conclusions.
• In other words, you’ll want to replicate your analysis.
• The best method of preserving the exact steps of a particular analysis is the syntax
view.
• In the syntax view, you’ll preserve the code used to generate any set of tables or
charts.
• Syntax is basically the actual computer code that produces a specific output.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

CREATING AND MANIPULATING DATA IN SPSS
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

CREATING A NEW DATA SET
• There are three steps that must be followed to create a new data set in SPSS.
Defining Variables in a New Data Set
Entering Data in a New Data Set
Saving a New Data Set
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

BEFORE THE DATA ENTRY
• You need a code book/scoring guide
• You give ID number for each case (NOT real identification numbers of your subjects)
if you use paper survey.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

DEFINING VARIABLES IN A NEW DATA SET
• It’s impossible to talk about SPSS (or any analysis program) without talking about
data and types of data.
• Each particular type of information (such as income or gender or temperature or
dosage) is called a variable.
• You can have various types of variables such as numeric variables (any number
that you can use in a calculation), string variables (text or numbers that you can’t
use in calculations), currency (numbers with two and only two decimal places) and
variables with specific formats
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

VARIABLE NAME
• This field describes the name of the variable being defined.
• To change the name, place the cursor in this field and type the name.
• The variable name must begin with a letter of the alphabet and cannot exceed 8
characters.
• Spaces are not allowed within the variable name but dot and underscore can be
used.
• Each variable name must be unique.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

RULES FOR VARIABLE NAMES
• Names must begin with a letter.
• Names must not end with a period.
• Names must be no longer than eight characters.
• Names cannot contain blanks or special characters.
• Names must be unique.
• Names are not case sensitive. It doesn’t matter
if you call your variable CLIENT, client, or
CliENt. It’s all client to SPSS.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

VARIABLE TYPES
• SPSS uses (and insists upon) what are called strongly typed variables.
• Strongly typed means that you must define your variables according to the type of
data they will contain .
• Any of the following of the variables is used according to the data:
Numeric
Comma
Dot
Scientific notation
Date
Custom currency
String
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

VARIABLE TYPES (CONTINUE)
• To change this field, click on the Type… button.
• This will open the Define Variable Type: dialog box.
• Select the appropriate type of data described above.
• When done, click on the Continue button.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

Numeric
A variable whose values are numbers. Values are displayed in standard numeric
format. The Data Editor accepts numeric values in standard format or in scientific
notation.
Comma
A numeric variable whose values are displayed with commas delimiting every
three places, and with the period as a decimal delimiter. The Data Editor accepts
numeric values for comma variables with or without commas; or in scientific
notation.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

Dot
A numeric variable whose values are displayed with periods delimiting
every three places, and with the comma as a decimal delimiter. The Data Editor accepts
numeric values for dot variables with or without dots; or in scientific notation. (Sometimes
known as European notation.)
Scientific notation
A numeric variable whose values are displayed with an embedded E and a signed power-
of-ten exponent. The Data Editor accepts numeric values for such variables with or without
an exponent. The exponent can be preceded either by E or D with an optional sign, or by
the sign alone—for example, 123, 1.23E2, 1.23D2, 1.23E+2, and even 1.23+2.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

Date
A numeric variable whose values are displayed in one of several calendar date or
clock-time formats. Select a format from the list. You can enter dates
with slashes, hyphens, periods, commas, or blank spaces as delimiters.
Custom currency
A numeric variable whose values are displayed in one of the custom currency
formats that you have defined in the Currency tab of the Options dialog box.
Defined custom currency characters cannot be used in data
entry but are displayed in the Data Editor.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

String
Values of a string variable are not numeric, and hence not used in calculations.
They can contain any characters up to the defined length.
Uppercase and lowercase letters are considered distinct.
Also known as an alphanumeric variable.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

VARIABLE LABEL
• There are two types of variable labels:
Variable Label
Value Label
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

VARIABLE LABEL
• A name for the variable that can be up to 120 characters
long and can include spaces (which variable names cannot). If a variable
label is entered, the label will be printed on charts and reports instead of
the name, making them easier to understand
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

VALUE LABEL
• Provides a key for translating numeric data.
• To change the variable label, click on the Labels… button. This will open the
Define Labels: dialog box. Enter the appropriate information into the fields.
When done, click on the Continue button.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

MISSING VALUES
• This field indicates which subset of the data will not be included in the data
set.
• To change this field, click on the Missing Values… button.
• This will open the Define Missing Values: dialog box.
• Enter the appropriate information into the fields.
• When done, click on the Continue button.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

COLUMNS COLUMN
• The Columns column is where you specify the width of the column you’ll use to
enter the data.
• The folks at SPSS could have used the word Width to describe it, but they already
used that term for the width of the data itself.
• A better name may have been the two words Column Width, but that would have
been too long to display nicely in this window, so they just called it Columns.
• To specify the number of columns, select a cell and enter the number.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

ALIGNMENT
• The Align column determines the position of the data in its allocated space, whenever the
data is displayed for input or output.
• The data can be left-aligned, right-aligned, or centered.
• You’ve defined the width of the data and the size of the column in which the data will be
displayed; the alignment determines what is done with any space left over.
• When you select a cell in the Align column, a list appears and you can choose one of the
three alignment possibilities, as shown here.
• Aligning to the left means inserting all blanks on the right; aligning to the right inserts all the
extra spaces on the left; centering the data splits the spaces evenly on each side.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

MEASURE COLUMN
• Your value here specifies the measure of something in one of three ways. When you
click a cell in the Measure column, you can select one of these choices:
• Ordinal: These numbers specify the position (order) of something in a list. For
example, first, second, and third are ordinal numbers.
• Nominal: Numbers that specify categories or types of things. You can
have 0 represent “Disapprove” and 1 represent “Approve.” Or you can use 1 to mean
“Fast” and 2 to mean “Slow.”
• Scale: A number that specifies a magnitude. It can be distance, weight, age, or a
count of something.
6/2/2018Kiran Suwal

SPSS

SPSS

Editor's Notes

SPSS

Editor's Notes

SPSS

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to SPSS

Recently uploaded

SPSS

Editor's Notes

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to SPSS

Recently uploaded

SPSS

Editor's Notes