SPSS is a widely used statistical analysis program. It was originally developed in 1968 by Norman Nie and C. Hadlai Hull to analyze social science data. SPSS was later acquired by IBM in 2009. The main windows in SPSS are the Data Editor, Output Viewer, Chart Editor, and Syntax Editor. It has menus for File, Edit, View, Data, Transform, Analyze, Graphs, Utilities, and Help. SPSS allows users to manage data files, transform variables, summarize data graphically and numerically, and perform inferential statistics.

1. INTRODUCTION TO SPSS
Prof. Ramakanta Mohalik
Regional Institute of Education
Bhubaneswar
mohalikrk@gmail.com

2. Steps of Quantitative Data Analysis
Data
collection and
Management
Coding and
Data entry
Application of
Statistics

3. Quantitative Data Analysis Software
• SPSS
• Systat
• Excel
• SAS
• Lotous
• SPSS is among the most widely used programs for
statistical analysis in social sciences.

4. Development of SPSS
• SPSS (originally, Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences) was released in its first version in 1968 but
now it stands for Statistical Product and Service
Solutions.
• It was developed by Norman H Nie and C. Hadlai
Hull. Both are professor of political science. Norman
Nie was then a Political Sciences Postgraduate at
Stanford University, and is now Research Professor in
the Department of Political Science at Stanford and
Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the
University of Chicago.

5. • Between 2009 and 2010, the premier vendor for SPSS
was called PASW (Predictive Analytics Software )
Statistics.
• The company announced on July 28, 2009 that it was
being acquired by IBM for US$1.2 billion.
• As of January 2010, it became "SPSS: An IBM
Company". Complete transfer of business to IBM was
done by October 1, 2010.

6. Windows in SPSS
• Data Editor: It is used to insert as well as store data in
a spreadsheet format. To save any file in the data
editor window, it takes the extension as .sav
• Output Viewer: It contains the results of the statistical
procedure. Its file extension is .spv
• Chart Editor: Here, one can modify charts and plots.
You can also change colors, use different fonts etc.
• Syntax Editor: It used to give commands instead of
working from pulldown menu. It records all your
analysis. Its file extension is .spss

8. Menus in SPSS
• File: To create new files, open existing files, read files and print.
• Edit: To modify or copy text from output or syntax windows.
• View: To change the appearance of screen, change font etc.
• Data: To make changes in SPSS data files (merge, select, sort etc)
• Transform: To change selected variables (create new variables)
• Analyze: To calculate different statistics
• Graphs: To create bar, pie, histograms etc.
• Utilities: To change fonts, display information on the contents of SPSS
• Window: To arrange, select and control the attributes of SPSS window
• Help: To get assistance about how to use.

9. Managing Data File
• Entering own data
• Adding cases or variables
• Deleting cases or variables
• Defining variables
• Opening data files (importing data files)
• Saving data files

10. Transforming data files
• Create new variable,
• Recoding variables,
• Selecting cases
• Random selection
• Managing missing values
• Examining and printing output

11. Summarizing Data Graphically
• Frequencies
• Bar Charts
• Histogram
• Box and Whisker Plot
• Stem and Leaf Plot

12. Summarizing Data Numerically
• Mode
• Median and Percentiles
• Mean
• SD

13. Inferential Statistics
• Validity conditions (Normality of Data)
• Estimation of Population mean by Standard Error of the Mean (SEM)
• Interval Estimation
• One sample t-test
• Paired t-test
• Independent t-test