This document discusses statistical analysis using SPSS. It describes descriptive statistics, which present data in a usable form by describing frequency, central tendency, and dispersion. Inferential statistics make broader generalizations from samples to populations using hypothesis testing. Hypothesis testing involves research hypotheses, null hypotheses, levels of significance, and type I and II errors. Choosing an appropriate statistical test depends on the hypothesis and measurement levels of the variables. SPSS is a comprehensive system for statistical analysis that can analyze many file types and generate reports and statistics.

1. Statistical Data
Analysis Using
SPSS Base

2.  The main focus of this course is statistical analysis,
which involves both descriptive statistics and
inferential statistics.
 The major concern of descriptive statistics is to
present information in a convenient, usable, and
understandable form.
 Descriptive statistics is used to describe a set of
data in terms of its frequency of occurrence, its
central tendency, and its dispersion.

3.  Inferential statistics, on the other hand, is not
concerned with just describing the obtained
data.
 It addresses the problem of making broader
generalizations or inferences from sample data
to population.
 This is the more complicated part of statistical
analysis.
 A basic aim of inferential statistics is to use the
sample scores for hypothesis testing.

4.  Hypothesis Testing
 Research Hypothesis vs. Null
Hypothesis
 Level of Significance
 Type I and Type II Errors

5.  When a researcher is ready to test a
specific hypothesis generated from
a theory or to answer a research
question posed, he or she is faced
with the task of choosing an
appropriate statistical procedure.

6.  First, for any hypothesis posited, the statistical
procedure chosen must offer a legitimate test of
the hypothesis; otherwise, no meaningful
interpretation of the results can be made.
 Second, choosing an inappropriate statistical
procedure can also mean choosing a less-than-
robust test that fails to detect significant
differences between group scores or significant
relationships between pairs of variables.

7. 1. The nature of the hypothesis
2.The levels of measurement of
the variables to be tested

8. • Test of Difference
• Test of Relationship

9. The levels at which the variables
are measured determine the statistical
test that is used to analyze the data.

13.  It stands for Statistical Product and Service Solutions.
 It originally stands for Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences.
 Now renamed as PASW (Predictive Analytics
Software)
 It is a comprehensive system for analyzing data.
 It can take data from almost any type of file and use
them to generate tabulated reports, charts and plots of
distributions and trends, descriptive statistics, and
complex statistical analyses.

14.  SPSS Base
 SPSS Advanced Model