An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion. These types of sensors measures only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor. Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiations.
Robo India in this PPT is exlaining IR sensor. Their working principles, theory and concept. It is also explaining how to use them in embedded system, robotics and engineering project.
Robo India in this PPT is exlaining IR sensor. Their working principles, theory and concept. It is also explaining how to use them in embedded system, robotics and engineering project.
A Kelvin bridge, also called a Kelvin double bridge and in some countries a Thomson bridge, is a measuring instrument used to measure unknown electrical resistors below 1 ohm. It is specifically designed to measure resistors that are constructed as four terminal resistors.
Working Concept of Fire Fighting Robot: The main brain of this project is the Arduino, but in-order to sense fire we use the Fire sensor module (flame sensor) that is shown below. As you can see these sensors have an IR Receiver (Photodiode) which is used to detect the fire.
Automatic Streetlight System Using LDR and Arduino UNO. An electronics short project done by students of Mechanical Engineering,IUBAT. This Arduino based project will provide a competent method for lighting systems and make the whole process of energy saving easierand efficient. With a capability to change the amount of light emitted depending upon the outside condition is no doubt an innovationwith many future application apart from the fact that it can also be used in many present day tech such as street light, parklights, industrial lights and many more.
Ir sensor mechanism and interfacing with a micro controllers.PPTkhairunnesa2
I am a student of Computer Science and engineering in University of Asia Pacific Student. I have tried to explain working mechanism of IR sensor.I am a student of Computer Science and engineering in University of Asia Pacific Student. I have tried to explain working mechanism of IR sensor.Hope this slide will be helpful for your works.Thank u :)
A thermal sensor plays an important role in many applications. For example, maintaining a specific temperature is essential for equipment used to fabricate medical drugs, heat liquids, or clean other equipment. For applications like these, the responsiveness and accuracy of the detection circuit can be critical for quality control.
This Presentation provides some basics of Sensors Technology.........
It gives few ideas to learn about sensors which are as normally used as electrical & electronics applications.......
This presentation discuss about the Ultrasonic Sensor long with its working principle and simple test with sample of Arduino program. The ultrasonic Sensor featured in this presentation is HC-SR04.
Digital and Analog IR Sensor Working and Cocepts Robo India
Robo India in this PPT is explaining the theory, concept and working of IR sensor of both type i.e. Analogue IR Sensor, Digital IR Sensor.
We welcome you queries, we are found at-
website: http://roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
A Kelvin bridge, also called a Kelvin double bridge and in some countries a Thomson bridge, is a measuring instrument used to measure unknown electrical resistors below 1 ohm. It is specifically designed to measure resistors that are constructed as four terminal resistors.
Working Concept of Fire Fighting Robot: The main brain of this project is the Arduino, but in-order to sense fire we use the Fire sensor module (flame sensor) that is shown below. As you can see these sensors have an IR Receiver (Photodiode) which is used to detect the fire.
Automatic Streetlight System Using LDR and Arduino UNO. An electronics short project done by students of Mechanical Engineering,IUBAT. This Arduino based project will provide a competent method for lighting systems and make the whole process of energy saving easierand efficient. With a capability to change the amount of light emitted depending upon the outside condition is no doubt an innovationwith many future application apart from the fact that it can also be used in many present day tech such as street light, parklights, industrial lights and many more.
Ir sensor mechanism and interfacing with a micro controllers.PPTkhairunnesa2
I am a student of Computer Science and engineering in University of Asia Pacific Student. I have tried to explain working mechanism of IR sensor.I am a student of Computer Science and engineering in University of Asia Pacific Student. I have tried to explain working mechanism of IR sensor.Hope this slide will be helpful for your works.Thank u :)
A thermal sensor plays an important role in many applications. For example, maintaining a specific temperature is essential for equipment used to fabricate medical drugs, heat liquids, or clean other equipment. For applications like these, the responsiveness and accuracy of the detection circuit can be critical for quality control.
This Presentation provides some basics of Sensors Technology.........
It gives few ideas to learn about sensors which are as normally used as electrical & electronics applications.......
This presentation discuss about the Ultrasonic Sensor long with its working principle and simple test with sample of Arduino program. The ultrasonic Sensor featured in this presentation is HC-SR04.
Digital and Analog IR Sensor Working and Cocepts Robo India
Robo India in this PPT is explaining the theory, concept and working of IR sensor of both type i.e. Analogue IR Sensor, Digital IR Sensor.
We welcome you queries, we are found at-
website: http://roboindia.com
mail- info@roboindia.com
It is designed to measure the distance of any object by using an ultrasonic transducer. Ultrasonic means of distance measurement is a convenient method compared to traditional one using measurement scales.This kind of measurement is particularly applicable to inaccessible areas where traditional means cannot be implemented such as high temperature, pressure zones etc.
Proximity Sensor Detects An Object When The Object Approaches Within The Detection Range And Boundary Of The Sensor. Proximity Sensor Includes All The Sensor That Perform Non Contact Detection In Comparison To Sensors Such As Limit Switch, That Detect The Object By Physically Contacting Them. It is a sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. A proximity sensor often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The object being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's target. Different proximity sensor targets demand different sensors. For example, a capacitive or photoelectric sensor might be suitable for a plastic target; an inductive proximity sensor always requires a metal target. The maximum distance that this sensor can detect is defined "nominal range". Some sensors have adjustments of the nominal range or means to report a graduated detection distance. Proximity sensors can have a high reliability and long functional life because of the absence of mechanical parts and lack of physical contact between sensor and the sensed object. Proximity sensors are commonly used on smart phones to detect (and skip) accidental touch screen taps when held to the ear during a call.[1] They are also used in machine vibration monitoring to measure the variation in distance between a shaft and its support bearing. This is common in large steam turbines, compressors, and motors that use sleeve-type bearings. A change in the sensor's electric or magnetic field can also be used to determine proximity.
Project report on IR based vehicle with automatic braking and driver awakenin...Neeraj Khatri
IR Based Vehicle With AUTOMATIC BRAKING and DRIVER AWAKENING System (2014)
In this Project When any obstacle comes in front of the vehicle in a fixed range then the automatic brakes are applied and the vehicle sounds an alarm and also a very small current is produced on the steering of the vehicle. If the vehicle met with an accident then a call is generated on the last dialled number from the phone which is placed in the vehicle.
Unique Identification Number database simulation project reportRachit Mishra
This is the project report for my DBMS project on developing a full-fledged database project for the UID system followed in India. The project also presents a basic prototype of a simulator developed for the same with the integration of ODBC/Java connectivity.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
We currently live in the world of sensors. From our Smart phone to emergency fire alarms, sensors plays an major role. It is a device that converts signals from one energy
domain to electrical domain.
Here, let us the see the working of different types of sensors in Food Industries.
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This article discusses about an hartley oscillator circuit, circuit using operational amplifier, uses LC tank circuit, advantages, disadvantages and its applications
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This article discusses about types of transistors and basic applications.Common types of transistor are BJT, FET, HBT, Darlington, Schottky, JFET, Diffusion
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Bypass Capacitor is a capacitor that shorts AC signals to the ground. This article explains the types of bypass capacitors, functions, and its applications
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A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit which is used for the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material. It will create an electrical signal with a given frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense
some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an
object as well as detects the motion. These types of sensors measures only
infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR
sensor. Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form
of thermal radiations.
These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, that can be detected by
an infrared sensor. The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting
Diode) and the detector is simply an IR photodiode which is sensitive to
IR light of the same wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR
light falls on the photodiode, The resistances and these output voltages,
change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.
4. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
IR Sensor Circuit
An infrared sensor circuit is one of the basic and popular sensor module in an
electronic device. This sensor is analogous to human’s visionary senses, which
can be used to detect obstacles and it is one of the common applications in real
time. This circuit comprises of the following components
LM358 IC 2 IR transmitter and receiver pair.
Resistors of the range of kilo ohms.
Variable resistors.
LED (Light Emitting Diode).
5. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
Working Principle of IR Sensor
When the IR receiver does not receive a signal
The potential at the inverting input goes higher than that non-inverting
input of the comparator IC (LM339).
Thus the output of the comparator goes low, but the LED does not glow.
When the IR receiver module receives signal to the potential at the
inverting input goes low.
6. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
Working Principle of IR Sensor
Thus the output of the comparator (LM 339) goes high and the LED
starts glowing.
Resistor R1 (100 ), R2 (10k ) and R3 (330) are used to ensure that
minimum 10 mA current passes through the IR LED Devices like
Photodiode and normal LEDs respectively.
Resistor VR2 (preset=5k ) is used to adjust the output terminals.
Resistor VR1 (preset=10k ) is used to set the sensitivity of the circuit
Diagram.
7. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
Different Types of IR Sensors and Their Applications
IR sensors are classified into different types depending on the applications.
The speed sensor is used for synchronizing the speed of multiple motors.
The temperature sensor is used for industrial temperature control.
PIR sensor is used for automatic door opening system.
Ultrasonic sensor are used for distance measurement.
8. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
IR Sensor Applications
IR sensors are used in various Sensor based projects and also in various
electronic devices which measures the temperature that are discussed in the
below.
Radiation Thermometers.
Flame Monitors.
Moisture Analyzers.
Gas Analyzers.
IR Imaging Devices.
9. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
Radiation Thermometers
IR sensors are used in radiation thermometers to measure the temperature
depend upon the temperature and the material of the object and these
thermometers have some of the following features.
Measurement without direct contact with the object.
Faster response.
Easy pattern measurements.
10. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
Flame Monitors
These types of devices are used for detecting the light emitted from the
flames.
It is to monitor how the flames are burning.
The Light emitted from flames extend from UV to IR region types.
PbS, PbSe, Two-color detector, pyro electric detector are some of the
commonly employed detector used in flame monitors.
11. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
Moisture Analyzers
Moisture analyzers use wavelengths which are absorbed by the moisture in
the IR region.
Objects are irradiated with light having these wavelengths(1.1 µm, 1.4 µm,
1.9 µm, and 2.7µm) and also with reference wavelengths.
The Lights reflected from the objects depend upon the moisture content.
It is detected by analyzer to measure moisture (ratio of reflected light at these
wavelengths to the reflected light at reference wavelength).
In GaAs PIN photodiodes, Pbs photoconductive detectors are employed in
moisture analyzer circuits.
12. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
Gas Analyzers
IR sensors are used in gas analyzers which use absorption characteristics of
gases in the IR region.
Two types of methods are used to measure the density of gas.
A. Dispersive.
B. Non dispersive.
13. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
A) Dispersive
An Emitted light is spectroscopically divided and their absorption
characteristics are used to analyze the gas ingredients and the sample
quantity.
14. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
B) Non dispersive
It is most commonly used method and it uses absorption characteristics
without dividing the emitted light.
Non dispersive types use discrete optical band pass filters.
It is similar to sunglasses that are used for eye protection to filter out
unwanted UV radiation.
15. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
B) Non dispersive
This type of configuration is commonly referred to as non dispersive infrared
(NDIR) technology.
This type of analyzer is used for carbonated drinks.
Non dispersive analyzer is used in most of the commercial IR instruments,
for an automobile exhaust gas fuel leakages.
16. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
IR Imaging Devices
IR image device is one of the major applications of IR waves.
Primarily by virtue of its property that is not visible.
It is used for thermal imagers, night vision devices, etc.
For examples Water, rocks, soil, vegetation, an atmosphere, and human
tissue all features emit IR radiation.
The Thermal infrared detectors measure these radiations in IR range.
It map the spatial temperature distributions of the object/area on an image.
17. http://www.elprocus.com/
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle
IR Imaging Devices
Thermal imagers usually composed of a Sb (indium antimonite), Gd Hg
(mercury-doped germanium), Hg Cd Te (mercury-cadmium-telluride)
sensors.
An electronic detector is cooled to low temperatures using liquid helium or
liquid nitrogen’s.
Then the Cooling the detectors ensures that the radiant energy (photons)
recorded by the detectors.
It comes from the terrain and not from the ambient temperature of objects
within the scanner itself an IR imaging electronic devices.