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How to make ir sensor using bread board
This document describes how to make an infrared (IR) sensor on a breadboard. It covers the introduction to IR sensors, their principle of operation, hardware components including an LM358 IC, IR LED, photodiode, resistors and potentiometer. The circuit description explains how the transmitter and receiver parts work to vary the output based on received IR rays. Applications include distance measurement, brightness comparison and obstacle detection. Pros are low power and simple circuitry, while cons are line of sight requirement and short range.
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How to make ir sensor using bread board
- 1. SENSORS HOW TOMAKE IR SENSOR ON BREAD BOARD PRESENTED BY – PEEYUSH VISHWAKARMA JAKAULLAH SHEIKH PAWAN RAJPUT AMAN VERMA
- 2. TOPICS TO BECOVERD • INTRODUCION • WHAT IS IR SENSOR • PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION • HARDWARE DESCRIPTION • CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION • APPLICATION • PROS AND CONS
- 3. INTRODUCTION • THISPROJECT AND IT’S CIRCUIT ARE ONE OF THE MOST BASIC AND POPULAR SENSER MODULE .IN ELECTRONICS THIS SENSOR ANALOGOUS TO HUMAN’S VISIONARY SENSES WHICH CAN BE USED TO DETECT AN OBSTACLE, WHICH IS ONE OF IT’S COMMON APPLICATION. IN ROBOTICS, A GROUP OF SUCH MODULES ARE USED SO THAT A ROBOT CAN FOLLOW A LINE PATTERN. BASICALLY SENSOR IS A DEVICE THAT COVERT PHYSICAL QUANTITY INTO ELECTRICAL SIGNAL THAT CAN BE READ BY OBSERVER OR AN INSTRUMENT.
- 4. WHAT IS ANIR SENSOR • AN IR SENSOR IS AN ELECRONIC INSTRUMENT WHICH IS USED TO SENSE CIRTAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF IT’S SURROUNDING BY EITHER EMITTING AND/OR DETECTING IR RADIATION. • INFRARED RADIATION IS THE PORTION OF ELECTROMAGNATIC SPECTRUM HAVING WAVELENGTH LONGER THAN VISIBLE BUT SMALLER THAN MICROWAVE • THE IR REGION IS ROUGHLY FROM 0.75 UM -1000 UM • IR SENSOR WORKS AS A PROXIMITY SENSOR
- 5. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION • IR LED KEEPS TRANSMITTING INFRA RED RAYS UP TO SOME RANGE . • WHEN SOME OBJECTS COMES IN THE IN IR RANGE THE IR WAVE HITS THE OBJECT AND COMES BACK AT SOME ANGLE • THE PHOTODIODE NEXT TO IR LED DETECTS THAT IR RAYS WHICH GOT REFLECTED FROM THE OBJECT .
- 6. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 1.LM358 IC: .IT COMPARES TWO INPUT VOLTAGES AND PRODUCE OUTPUT ACCORDING TO INPUT. .SPECIFICATION:-A.SUPPLY VOLTAG : 3V – 30 V B.OUTPUT CURRENT:40 MILLI AMP C. PACKAGE : 8 PIN DIP PACKAGE. FEATURES: 1. LARGE DC VOLTAGE GAIN 2. WIDE BANDWIDTH 3. DIFFERENTIAL INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE EQUAL TO THE POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE 4.LOW INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE: 2 MILLIVOLT 5.LOW INPUT OFFSET CURRENT : 2 NANO AMP 2.POWER SUPPLY: 5 VOLT- 10 VOLT’
- 7. 3.IR LED : • ALSO KNOWN AS IR TRANSMITTER • IT USUALLY MADE OF GALLIUM ARSENIDE OR INDIUM GALLIUM ARSENIDE • IT LOOKS LIKE A COMMON LED 4. PHOTODIODE: . IT CONVERTS LIGHT IN TO CURRENT .IT OPERATES IN REVERSE BIAS .ON/ OFF TIME IS VERY LESS 5. LED 6.BREAD BOARD 7.CONNECTING WIRE 8.RESISTER: 100 E 10K 220E 9. POTENTIOMETER 10K
- 8. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION .THETRANSMITTER PART OF THE SENSOR PROJECT IS IR LED AND RECEIVER PART IS PHOTO DIODE THE OUTPUT OF THE RECEIVER VARIES DEPENDING UPON ITS RECEPTION OF IR RAYS. THIS OUTPUT IS FED TO THE INPUT OF COMPARATOR . AND THE SECOND INPUT OF COMPARATOR IS FED FROM POTENTIOMETER.
- 9. APPLICATION DISTANCE MEASUREMENT BRIGHTNESS COMPARISON OBSTACLE DETECTOR IN ROBOTICS
- 10. PROS AND CONS • ADVANTAGES: • LOW POWER REQUIREMENT • SIMPLE CIRCUITERRY • DIRECTION BEAM • HIGH NOISE IMMUNITY • DISADVANTAGES: • LINE OF SIGHT REQUIREMENT • BLOCKED BY COMMON OBJECTS • SHORT RANGE • EASILY AFFECTED BY PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
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