This document describes a project to automatically control street lights using infrared sensors and a microcontroller. The system is intended to reduce energy consumption by turning lights on only when vehicles are detected. Infrared sensors detect passing vehicles and signal the microcontroller, which then turns on the appropriate street lights. When the vehicle passes, the lights will turn off again after a set time. The goal is to reduce wasted electricity while providing lighting as needed.

1. BY:
E.VIKRAM (11M91A0441)
K.SAI KUMAR (11M91A0445)
K.RAGHU NANDAN(11M91A0447)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:
G.RAMCHANDRA KUMAR

2.  The main purpose of this project is to switch ON
and OFF street lights without manual operation.
 By using this system energy consumption is
reduced .
 IR sensors and micro controller are the main
components of the project.
 IR sensor is like our eye which detect the presence
of an object.

3.  In the present days Automated systems have less
manual operations, high flexibility, and accurate.
 Especially in the field of electronics automated
systems are giving good performance.
 our project is to control the switching of Street
Lights automatically.
 IR’s which detects the vehicle with the micro
controller are used.

4. MICROCONTROLLER
AT89S52
IR
IR
IR
HIGH POWER
LED’s
Regulated Power Supply

5. Microcontroller (AT89S52)
IR Sensors
Light Dependent Resistor[LDR]
Light Emitting Diode [LED]

6. U1
VCC
40
EA
31
X1 19X218
RST
9
P1.0
1
P1.1
2
P1.2
3
P1.3
4
P1.4
5
P1.5
6
P1.6
7
P1.7
8
P3.0/RXD
10
P3.1/TXD
11
P3.2/INT0
12
P3.3/INT1
13
P3.4/T0
14
P3.5/T1
15
P3.6/WR
16
P3.7/RD
17
Y1
33pf 33pf
10uf
10k
SW1
330
330
330
330
330
330
4 X IN4001
+
E
D
1 3
2
+
MOC 7811
MOC 7811
MOC 7811
230VAC
+
+
D
E
E
+
+
D
330
10k
330
10k.
10k
330
T1
1 5
4 8
- +
1
4
3
2
470uf 0.1uf 0.1uf
7805

7. AT89S52
Pin diagram of AT89S52

8.  The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller.
 It has a 4K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash memory.
 128 bytes of RAM,32 I/O lines, watchdog timer, two data
pointers.
 two 16-bit timer,on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry.
 PIN DESCRIPTION:
VCC PORT 3
GND RST
VDD ALE
PWR/GND PSEN
PORT 0 EA
PORT 1 XTAL1
PORT 2 XTAL2

9.  Infrared sensor is an electronic instrument.
 It is used to sense certain characteristics in its
surroundings by emitting infrared radiations.
 It is capable of measuring heat and detection of moving
object.
 SPECIFICATIONS:
Size: [Refer to the image beside]
TX: Transmitter
RX: Receiver

10.  An LDR( light dependent resistor), offers the resistance in
response to the ambient light.
 The resistance of the LDR increases as the intensity of
light increases.
 It can act as a sensor, since a varying voltage drop can be
obtained in accordance with the varying light.

11.  A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light
source.
 LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and
are increasingly used for lighting.
 LEDs are introduced as a practical electronic
component in 1962.
Electrical symbol & polarities of LED
Structure inside a LED

12.  The working of the project can be clearly
explained by considering the street lights.
 The main aim of the project is to automatic switch
ON/OFF the street light by sensing the vehicle.
 In this project IR’s are used for sensing the
vehicles.
 Initially the street lights are in OFF state by using
the LDR’S.
 As the IR senses the vehicle the street lights
associated w.r.t that sensor will switch ON and OFF
after certain time.

13.  Keil compiler is the software used in the
machine language code.
 The machine source code is converted into
hex code.
 This hex code is dumped into the
microcontroller for further processing.

14.  The main idea of this project is to reduce the
wastage of electricity.
 For this purpose IR’s and LDR’s are used as
sensors.
 The street light corresponding to that IR will
switch-ON automatically when a vehicle
passes.

15.  Can overcome the crisis of natural power
production resources in forth coming days.
 Can reduce the wastage of electricity.
 Ultimately can conserve some of the natural
resources from completely getting vanished.

16.  www.wikipedia.com
 www.keil.com
 www.maxim-ic.com
 www.electronicsforu.com
 www.allaboutcircuits.com
Books Referred:
 Raj kamal –Microcontrollers Architecture,
Programming, Interfacing and System Design.
 Mazidi and Mazidi –Embedded Systems.
 DIP Microcontroller Manual – Microchip.
 Embedded C-Michael J Pont