This Presentation provides some basics of Sensors Technology.........
It gives few ideas to learn about sensors which are as normally used as electrical & electronics applications.......
In this slide there is all about the digital transducer and its types.Its is very helpful in making short notes of transducer. There is a simple description.
This article provides an introduction to the fundamental of Sensors and Transducers. It illustrates the different classifications of sensors and transducers. Explains capacitive, resistive and inductive transducers in brief. Also shows the examples under these types of transducers.
A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment.
The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a great number of other environmental phenomena.
The output is generally a signal that is converted to human-readable display at the sensor location or transmitted electronically over a network for reading or further processing.
In this slide there is all about the digital transducer and its types.Its is very helpful in making short notes of transducer. There is a simple description.
This article provides an introduction to the fundamental of Sensors and Transducers. It illustrates the different classifications of sensors and transducers. Explains capacitive, resistive and inductive transducers in brief. Also shows the examples under these types of transducers.
A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment.
The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a great number of other environmental phenomena.
The output is generally a signal that is converted to human-readable display at the sensor location or transmitted electronically over a network for reading or further processing.
The cougar approach to in-network query processing in sensor networksDilini Muthumala
These slides presents the research paper: "The cougar approach to in-network query processing in sensor networks" by Yong Yao and Johannes Gehrke. This presentation was done in a research seminar at the University of Colombo, School of Computing by the uploader.
The Generic Analog Sensor service support analog sensors that measure continuous information. An example of this kind of a sensor is a light sensor which monitors the amount of light over time. Analog sensors are often distinguished from digital sensors which use discrete (discontinuous) values to represent information for input. Often though either approach can be used to provide similar types of information. For example, film cameras are analog devices, while Web cameras are digital devices.
The talk will give an overview on wireless sensor networks (WSNs), their challenges as well as descriptions of a number of their applications in our daily life. Also, it provides some solutions for some of the current existing challenges, for example: Energy harvesting solutions, data collection and mining. The talk will focuses on the advances development of the WSN domain as a common step towards the Internet of Things and as a service-oriented architecture of the future Internet.
Important slideshow for the students of XII vocational bifocal electronics. This slideshow covers 3rd chapter of their syllabus. Very useful for self preparation.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
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The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. SENSORS
Intro
Why we learn about Sensors?
What are the selection criteria for Sensors?
Types of Sensors
Applications
Drawbacks of Sensors
Why we switch to Smart Sensors?
Conclusion
3. Physical
Quantity
Sensor
Electrical
Quantity
Typical Type of Basic Sensor
Sensors:
Sensors are as an electrical device that consists of
components that are used to measure any other physical
quantities (temperature, light, pressure, etc.)
And its produce electrical signals - usually voltage or current
signals, that can be used to determine the values for
appropriate physical quantity.
4. Why we learn about Sensors?
Electrical engineers need to know about sensors because they produce
electrical signals.
These electric signals are needed to be converted to a digital format.
Electrical Engineers should need to know about how to design a sensor for
their fields.
Mechanical, civil, chemical and bio engineers should be used as sensors to
when they make as different measurements (temperature and other
quantities).
They need to know about them in order to select appropriate sensors to
make measurements of many different physical quantities.
Engineers should designs a compact size of sensor and it can be used in
various fields of applications.
6. What are the selection criteria for
Sensors?
There are certain features which have to be considered when we choose a sensor.
They are as given below:
Accuracy – should be High
Stability - maintain under abnormal condition
Environmental condition - usually has limits for temperature & humidity
Range - Measurement limit of sensor
Calibration - Essential for most of the measuring devices as the readings changes
with time
Resolution - Smallest increment detected by the sensor
Cost - Should be Low
Power Consumptions - Low
Repeatability - The reading that varies is repeatedly measured under the same
environment
7. Temperature sensors
Light sensors
Ultra sonic sensors
Pressure sensors
IR sensors
Biosensors
Magnetic sensors
Analog Sound Sensor
Vibration Sensor
Some of the few sensors are mentioned as belows:
Types of Sensors:
8. Water Level Sensor
LDR Sensor
Analog Sound Sensor
Electricity Sensor
Current Sensor
Examples of Sensors:
9. Temperature sensors:
Temperature is the most common of all physical measurements. We
have temperature measurement-and-control units, called thermostats.
In our home heating systems, refrigerators, air conditioners, and
ovens.
Temperature sensors are used on circuit boards, as part of thermal
tests, in industrial controls, and in room controls such as in
calibration labs and data centers.
Though there are many types of temperature sensors, most are
passive devices:
Thermocouples
RTDs (Resistance Temperature Detectors), and
Thermistors(Thermal Resistors)
10. Proximity Sensor:
This is a type of sensor which can detect the presence of a
nearby object within a given distance, without any
physical contact.
The working principle of a Proximity sensor is simple. A
transmitter transmits an electromagnetic radiation or
creates an electrostatic field and a receiver receives and
analyzes the return signal for interruptions.
There are different types of Proximity sensors and the
researchers will discuss only a few of them which are
generally used in robots.
11. Sensor operation:
small prism-shaped sample of single-crystal undoped GaAs attached to ends of
two optical fibers
light energy absorbed by the GaAs crystal depends on temperature
percentage of received vs. transmitted energy is a function of temperature
It can be made small enough for biological implantation
FIBER OPTIC TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Fiber-optic Temperature Sensor
12. Applications:
Sensors are used in many industrial and home appliances:
Wireless Sensor Network
Water Level Indicator
Laser Security Alarm
Firing Alarm Sensor
Automatic Braking and Speed Control Mechanism
Smart Phone Touch Screen
Railway Gate Control Mechanism
Fully Automation Control System
13. Drawbacks of Sensors:
Some of the drawbacks occurs in sensors while its in
working condition:
Life time becomes less due to over usages
Easily affected by external source such as noise, magnetic
interference, etc.
Due to noise and any other interference, low Stability &
Sensitivity may leads to system failure.
Some sensor may face complexity while contact with
some physical quantities
More Expensive in RTD sensor than Thermocouples
14. Why we switch to Smart Sensors?
Smart sensor means a sensor with built-in signal processing &
communication
e.g., combining a “dumb sensor” and a microprocessor
A Smart Sensor can be defined as a sensor with signal conditioning
circuitary with an integrated circuit which is considered as a single device.
Mainly Smart Sensors have some advantages than using ordinary sensors.
Features of Smart Sensor:
Linearize its own output
Includes self calibration facility
Compensates the environmental changes
15. Typical Smart Sensor:
A Typical Smart Sensor is given as:
SENSOR ADC MICROPROCESSOR
MEMORY
COMPUTER
IZED
CONTROL
ROOM
INPUT
PHYSICAL
QUANTITY
ELECTRICAL
QUANTITY
16. Sensors are one of the most useful technology for all and
also it is very efficient technology in nowadays. So
Engineers should always keep in mind, while designing or
creating a new type of sensors or any things, that should
be satisfying the followings:
Materials should be avail as Cheap
Simple
Low Cost
Low Power Consumptions
High Reliable
Compact