Sensors are devices that measure physical quantities and convert them to signals that can be read by observers or instruments, and are used in many everyday objects like touch screens and light dimmers, as well as in applications involving cars, machines, aerospace, medicine, manufacturing, and robotics. PIR sensors in particular detect infrared radiation emitted from warm objects like the human body using a crystalline sensor element and can be used to trigger automatic lighting or security systems when motion is detected.
Light Automation System Using Bidirectional Visitor CounterRituraj Singh
This a presentation on light automation system using bidirectional visitor counter for final year project of Electronics and communications department students
Automatic room light controller with password detection systemshubham jha
This project consists of two modules.
First part of our project serves the functionality of a door-latch opening using a password entered through keypad. As well as sending this data to a computer through serial port.
Second part is automatic room light controller with person counter. Main concept behind this project is to measure and display the number of persons entering in any room like seminar hall, conference room and switching the light ON/OFF automatically.
Light Automation System Using Bidirectional Visitor CounterRituraj Singh
This a presentation on light automation system using bidirectional visitor counter for final year project of Electronics and communications department students
Automatic room light controller with password detection systemshubham jha
This project consists of two modules.
First part of our project serves the functionality of a door-latch opening using a password entered through keypad. As well as sending this data to a computer through serial port.
Second part is automatic room light controller with person counter. Main concept behind this project is to measure and display the number of persons entering in any room like seminar hall, conference room and switching the light ON/OFF automatically.
To study the working principle of gas and smoke detector system
To design and construct of the gas and smoke detector system and control system using Arduino with Bluetooth module
To implement gas and smoke design in the project
At the very first time of smoke creation so that avoided the unwanted accident
This was one of my Diploma in Engineering Projects.
It's a Voice controlled Home Automation System which works with the Internet. Which means you can control your home appliances from anywhere.
I did the Presentation for the Home Automation System. I was also one of the core team members who made it happen.
Here are the complete powerpoint slides.
Thank You
Home automation using IoT literature review pptTanujkumar101
This ppt has covered through 5 research paper (1 base paper + 4 research paper) .there each paper have its marit and demerits . first paper based on raspberry Pi , second one is on Arduino, third one is on esp8266 and forth one on PLC and conclusion have comparison part .
Gas and smoke use every day of our life. A big number of accident happen today everyday life from the gas. A huge number of loss occur from gas and smoke in our everyday life. Gas speared so quickly that an accident happen so quickly.
So basically we try to modify our project to make a gas or smoke detector that will response with the present of smoke and send warning sms.
Gas Leakage Detector using Arduino with SMS Alert - Engineering ProjectCircuitsToday
Gas Leakage Detector using Arduino and MQ5 Gas Sensor - with GSM Module for SMS Alerts and Sound Alarm - Ideal for Engineering Project and Seminar Presentation - Read Full Article here - http://www.circuitstoday.com/gas-leakage-detector-using-arduino-with-sms-alert -
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHTING SYSTEM is very effective project on a large scale because of the conservation of energy and electricity.
I think that it should have large scale production by multinational companies like TATA etc.
Thankyou for the visit!.
To study the working principle of gas and smoke detector system
To design and construct of the gas and smoke detector system and control system using Arduino with Bluetooth module
To implement gas and smoke design in the project
At the very first time of smoke creation so that avoided the unwanted accident
This was one of my Diploma in Engineering Projects.
It's a Voice controlled Home Automation System which works with the Internet. Which means you can control your home appliances from anywhere.
I did the Presentation for the Home Automation System. I was also one of the core team members who made it happen.
Here are the complete powerpoint slides.
Thank You
Home automation using IoT literature review pptTanujkumar101
This ppt has covered through 5 research paper (1 base paper + 4 research paper) .there each paper have its marit and demerits . first paper based on raspberry Pi , second one is on Arduino, third one is on esp8266 and forth one on PLC and conclusion have comparison part .
Gas and smoke use every day of our life. A big number of accident happen today everyday life from the gas. A huge number of loss occur from gas and smoke in our everyday life. Gas speared so quickly that an accident happen so quickly.
So basically we try to modify our project to make a gas or smoke detector that will response with the present of smoke and send warning sms.
Gas Leakage Detector using Arduino with SMS Alert - Engineering ProjectCircuitsToday
Gas Leakage Detector using Arduino and MQ5 Gas Sensor - with GSM Module for SMS Alerts and Sound Alarm - Ideal for Engineering Project and Seminar Presentation - Read Full Article here - http://www.circuitstoday.com/gas-leakage-detector-using-arduino-with-sms-alert -
AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHTING SYSTEM is very effective project on a large scale because of the conservation of energy and electricity.
I think that it should have large scale production by multinational companies like TATA etc.
Thankyou for the visit!.
Ir sensor mechanism and interfacing with a micro controllers.PPTkhairunnesa2
I am a student of Computer Science and engineering in University of Asia Pacific Student. I have tried to explain working mechanism of IR sensor.I am a student of Computer Science and engineering in University of Asia Pacific Student. I have tried to explain working mechanism of IR sensor.Hope this slide will be helpful for your works.Thank u :)
Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram and Working Principleelprocus
An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion. These types of sensors measures only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor. Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiations.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
A motion detector is a device that contains a motion sensor that detects moving objects and transforms the detection of motion into an electric signal.
The detector is often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area. Motion detectors form a vital component of security, automated lighting control, home control, energy efficiency, and other useful systems.
This is a Project Report Based on Laser Security System.
A Fully Explained Project report on laser security system,
This Project Report is made by : -
1. Chirag
2. Mohit Jangra
3. Shubham
smart street light detector based on sensors. This is basically designed to reduce the power consumption of the street light. And help out to conserve more and more energy.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. SENSORS
A sensor is a device that measures a physical quantity and converts it
into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an instrument.
Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch sensitive elevator
buttons and lamps which dims or brighten the light by touching the
base.
Applications can includes cars, machines, aerospace, medicine,
manufacturing and robotics.
2. PIR SENSOR
Operating principle:
• All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit heat
energy in the form of radiation.
• Usually this radiation is invisible to the human eye because it
radiates at infrared wavelengths, but it can be detected by electronic
devices designed for such a purpose.
3. The term passive in this instance refers to the fact that PIR
devices do not generate or radiate any energy for
detection purposes.
They work entirely by detecting the energy given off by
other objects. PIR sensors don't detect or measure "heat";
instead they detect the infrared radiation emitted or
reflected from an object.
4. Infrared radiation exists in the electromagnetic
spectrum at a wavelength that is longer than visible
light.
It cannot be seen but it can be detected.
Objects that generate heat also generate infrared
radiation and those objects include animals and the
human body whose radiation is strongest at a
wavelength of 9.4μm.
Infrared in this range will not pass through many types
of material that pass visible light such as ordinary
window glass and plastic
.
5. However it will pass through, with some attenuation,
material that is opaque to visible light such as
germanium and silicon.
An unprocessed silicon wafer makes a good IR
window, It provides additional filtering for light in the
visible range. 9.4μm infrared will also pass through
polyethylene which is usually used to make Fresnel
lenses to focus the infrared onto sensor elements.
6. This sensor is made of a crystalline material(also known as sensor element)
that generates a surface electric charge when exposed to heat in the form
of infrared radiation.
When the amount of radiation striking the crystal changes, the amount of
charge also changes. The sensor elements are sensitive to radiation over a
wide range so a filter window is added to limit detectable radiation to the 8
to 14μm range which is most sensitive to human body radiation.
Typically, the FET source terminal pin 2 connects through a pull down
resistor of about 100 K to ground and feeds into a two stage amplifier
having signal conditioning circuits.
The amplifier is typically bandwidth limited to below 10Hz to reject high
frequency noise and is followed by a window comparator that responds to
both the positive and negative transitions of the sensor output signal.
The PIR325 sensor has two sensing elements connected in a voltage
bucking configuration. This arrangement cancels signals caused by
7. A body passing in front of the sensor will activate first
one element
and then the other, whereas other sources will affect both
elements simultaneously and be cancelled.
Fresnel lens is made of an infrared transmitting
material design to focused an infrared radiation onto
sensor element as can be shown below
10. What do we mean by ‘Intelligent
lighting’?
Compared with a conventional lighting system, a
system where every light has a manual switch or
dimmer that you must operate directly, ‘Intelligent
lighting’ can be as simple as automating a single
light, so that it can be controlled by a
remote control device or timer.
11. Why do we need Intelligent lighting system?
19% of energy use in the world is used for lighting, and 6% of
greenhouse emissions in the world derive from this energy used for
lighting
Intelligent lightning is the good way which enables to minimize and
save light by allowing the householder to control remotely cooling
and heating, lighting, and the control of appliances. This ability saves
energy and provides a level of comfort and convenience.
The concept of Intelligent lighting also involves utilizing natural light
from the sun to reduce the use of man-made lighting.
Lighting control systems serve to provide the right amount of light
where and when it is needed.
12. Daylight Dimming
Daylight Diming controls the artificial light
depending on the available daylight.
When enough daylight is available, the
artificial light dims down according to how
much light is available.
With the common light fitting , Photo
sensor elements are integrated in the
ceiling.
13. Applications
• Office- In offices, we can use day dimmer instead of operating
switches multiple times in a day.
14. Applications
• Street light- We can use day dimmer in street lighting to automatically
dim the light in early hours.
15. Occupancy sensors
Occupancy sensors / presence detectors are a
special type of motion sensors. It automatically
turns lights on when a room is occupied and off
when a room is vacant.
They are specifically designed to pick up small
movements in demanding applications such as
tunnels.
Methods of intelligent lighting
19. Methods of intelligent lighting
Wireless lighting
In Wireless control system, all lamps are connected in a wireless
network allowing them to be controlled from remote controls, wall
switches or internet connected devices.
35. #include<Servo.h>
Servo myservo;
int led=6;//Arduino pin connected to LED
int pir=2;//Arduino pin connected to motion sensor's pin
void setup()
{
pinMode(pir,INPUT);//set arduino pin to input mode
pinMode(led,OUTPUT);// set arduino pin to output mode
myservo.attach(9);// attaches the servo on pin 9 to the servo object
Serial.begin(9600);//initialise the serial
}
void loop()
{
int val= digitalRead(pir);
Serial.println(val);
if(digitalRead(pir)== HIGH)
{
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
myservo.write(70);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(led,LOW);
myservo.write(10);
36. A Tilt Sensor switch is an electronic device that detects
the orientation of an object and gives its output High or Low
accordingly. Basically, it has a mercury ball inside it which
moves and makes the circuit. So tilt sensor can turn on or
off the circuit based on the orientation.
Tilt Sensor
37. This is a Mercury switch based tilt sensor module that gives high at
its output pin when tilted. It requires a 5V of DC input.
It’s a three-terminal device consist of input, ground, and output.
It has a glass tube consist of two electrode and liquid mercury ball.
The liquid mercury ball closes and opens the circuit when inclined
in a particular direction.
The working and internal structure of the module is given below:
Tilt Sensor
38. Working of Tilt Sensor
CASE 1: NOT TILTED
Initially, when it is in NOT tilted position as shown in the image
below, it gives LOW output because of the liquid mercury
complete the circuit by connecting the two electrodes. When
the output is LOW on-board LED remain ON.
39. CASE 1: TILTED
When it is inclined in a particular direction or angle, the liquid mercury
breaks the contact between the metal electrodes and the circuit gets
open. Hence, we get HIGH output in this condition and the onboard
LED turns off.
40. Applications of Tilt Sensors
•Cameras.
•Video Cameras.
•Aircraft Flight Controls.
•Construction Equipment.
•Robotic Technology.
•Automobile Air Bags.
•Videos Game Controllers.
•Studying Human Movement.
41. To connect a Tilt sensor with the Arduino, it requires 5v dc
input to operate. That 5v is supplied using Arduino UNO and the
output of Tilt sensor is taken at PIN 4 of the Arduino. LED is
connected with the PIN 2 of the Arduino UNO with 220-ohm
resistor to limit the current to a safe value. And, the buzzer is
directly connected to the PIN 3 of the Arduino UNO.