The CT scan shows a large extradural haematoma on the right side of the brain causing mass effect and midline shift. The ventricles are compressed. Differential diagnoses for the large abdominal mass include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma and pheochromocytoma. The chest X-ray shows bowel loops in the chest cavity indicating a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia. Management includes NG drainage, ventilation until stable, and corrective surgery.
Dnb pediatrics osce 2 for PGS in Southern Railway HospitalNibedita Mitra
DNB pediatrics Osce for Post graduates in southern Railway Head Quarter Hospital. This includes a video Station. Click on the picture to play the video
Practical pediatric quiz - Kaun Banega WinnerGaurav Gupta
Interactive quiz based on mentimeter platform for IAP Chandigarh Annual meeting in Dec 2017.
Great success for practising paediatricians in general,
Also a great teaching experience
Dnb pediatrics osce 2 for PGS in Southern Railway HospitalNibedita Mitra
DNB pediatrics Osce for Post graduates in southern Railway Head Quarter Hospital. This includes a video Station. Click on the picture to play the video
Practical pediatric quiz - Kaun Banega WinnerGaurav Gupta
Interactive quiz based on mentimeter platform for IAP Chandigarh Annual meeting in Dec 2017.
Great success for practising paediatricians in general,
Also a great teaching experience
Thyido ua tuam 2 Spring 2022 Narne 1. Light first enters the eye .pdfallinoneenterprise1
Thyido ua tuam 2 Spring 2022 Narne 1. Light first enters the eye throoph the lens. a. True b.
False 2. Celis trom the hipothalamas infiuence which isbeiw. At the petuitary gland via a partal
sivitem? a. Miberio b. posterior c. beth d. neither 3. AI astien potentiah are all er none. Threpheld
mut be met, but ance it is met, at action potertiak are the same. a. True b. Fahe 4. The white,
vuter tough conriective tiske miening of the teve a. Sclera b. Chersid c. Retine 5. Clase vision
reeuices: a. Accommedation b. Constriction c. Copverpence d. AL of the above 6. The sensory
ieyer of the epe. a. Sclera b. Choroid E. Retina 7. The __ is the spot where the aptic terve induen
the rieball. 3. Ootic dist b. Cherpid c. Retine B. The optic nerve projects isfarmation to the a.
medial netine b. iateral genindate booy c. primary visual cortes d. betic chasma 9. Which of the
folswing are tre of rods of the ere? a. Semsitive to dim light and beet suted for tiget vion b.
Absors al wavelenotis of vible tope c. Pereeieed incet is in prey tares anle d. Sum of visuat input
from many rodi teeds ines a sisgie ganglon ceil e. Al of the above are eve 10. Which would be
the most comman cavse at jrimary trosenyroidam? a. brain humber b. dietay defiency of isdine c.
Grave's dineaie 4. mutoitimute thyrade thiseate ti. In secondary typothyroidiem Firdio tob Exam
2 Spring 2022 a. TSH levets are low b. thyroxine leves are elerated c. That leveis art lew d.
triodochirenine levels are elevabed 12.5econdary typothyroidem as a decrease in thy ind
honmane secrebon caused by a mallunction of the a. posterior pibutary b. thyruid eland e.
anteriur plaitary a. hipothatama a. Hiph b. Normal e. Low 1 4. What would you expect to find in
a petient o th hroeshyroidium? a. Low levels of TI and T4 b. Low leves of TSH and lom leves of
T and 14 c. High levels of T and Th d. Hegh iereis of Tsh and lew ievels of T1 and 74
eoncentration of thyroid hormones is an eamele of a. posilrie leedback 1. negative feedback C
accentuatipn 4. iensitiration 16.Cells trom the bypochalamus infuence which sobe(w) uf the
pituitary piand via a pertal pystem a. anteriar b. posterior E. beth
d. neither 17. Farty experiments an the pitulary gland incluted curting or tying yep tem
imfurteculum Damage bo infundibulum wil atlect the function of a. the poteprior pitultary anly b.
the anteriot pluitary only . beth isbes of the pituitary 4. - l not affect pitukary hanction at at 13.
Imapine that the Borg are ourious about the connecton beemeen the brain and the pluatary gland.
As a rericlt, they sever the infundibulum when Cagtain Peare is cagrered and assimilated into the
colkective. What spmotoms wil he experience after this procosur (mayy be more thath orie)? 3.
Bindhess b. Decreasuns cortisil secredich c. excestive urination and dite unine pooduction 4. lack
of dvulation or sperm productiph ti ingeaped becretion of thyoid hormene t. exressive growth
(gigantism? Fhrois Lab Exam 2 Spring 2022 himtre Part It: Ariswer th.
1. Light first enters the eye through the lens. a. True b. False 2. C.pdfalokopticalswatchco0
1. Light first enters the eye through the lens. a. True b. False 2. Cells from the hypothalamus
influence which lobe(s) of the pituitary gland via a portal system? a. anterior b. posterior c. both
d. nelther 3. All action potentials are all or none. Threshold must be met, but once it is met, all
action potentials are the same. a. True b. False 4. The white, outer tough connective tissue
covering of the eye. a. Sclera b. Choroid c. Retina 5. Close vision requires: a. Accommodation b.
Constriction c. Convergence d. All of the above 6. The sensory layer of the eye. a. Sclera b.
Choroid c. Retina 7. The is the spot where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball. a. Optic disk b.
Choroid c. Retina 8. The optic nerve projects information to the a. medial retina b. lateral
geniculate body c. primary visual cortex d. optic chiasma 9. Which of the following are true of
rods of the eye? a. Sensitive to dim light and best suited for night vision b. Absorb all
wavelengths of visible light c. Perceived input is in gray tones only d. Sum of visual input from
many rods feeds into a single ganglion cell e. All of the above are true 10. Which would be the
most common cause of primary hypothyroidism? a. brain tumor b. dietary deficiency of lodine c.
Grave's disease d. autoimmune thyroid disease 11. In secondary hypothyroidism
nives uab Exame 2 Scing 2022 it. TSH imvits are lop 8. thymenine lervels ale eirwated c. Trit
leveis are law d. tribdochyroinge levels are elenosed manturiction of the a. posterior pituitary b.
Inrrold glbita c. anterior pitutary d. hrpothalamus 13. Thyraxine (Ta) leveis in putients with
grimpiry hrpothrreidionen are a. ligh 6. Normal che how 14. What would you e cpect to find in a
bufbere meth Byperthinelicum? 3. bow levels of th and Tt b. Low levels of TS. and low Mevehr
ef TI and f4 c. Hiph levels of Ta sha T4 a. iteon leveis of TStel and low levels se 13 and TA 15.
The inhibion of thyroid-atimulating bommene (TSh) searetion thy an incrested bloed
eoncentratiga of ehyroid hermatem in anh erahelis of a. positive fecdback b. negacive feecthack
C. accentuotian d. ficheitiration 16. Colls from the hypothalartus infucnce mhicth lobe(s) dt the
pitruissy gland wid a portal Syatem a. anterior b. posterice c. both d. nether 17. Early
cxperiments on the pituitary poand melutid intting or tying up the infundibulurn. Domage to
infundibulum will shfect the furtetien of a. the mosterior pituatary only b. the aritertor pituitary
anily 6. both lobes of tie poltuitary d. wil not affect pituitary tuinction at all 18. Imagine that the
Dorg are curicus about the comnection betwecin the brain and the pituitary glarid, As a result,
they sever the intlind bultum when Captain pleard id captured and assimilated into the
codiective. Whak syn ptoms vill he experience after this procedure (iriay be imbre than one)? a.
Blindriess b. Decrensed cortisol seeretion C. excesstve urination-and dilute wring prodoction d.
lack of cvulatian ar sperm producton. e. increased secre.
Enjoy PMDC material on
thinkwithdr.shadab.blogspot.com
Download the past paper from dec 2019.
Follow the video lectures on basic subjects for step 1 on youtube channel "think with dr shadab"
Blood Group Selection in Newborn Transfusion - Dr Padmesh - NeonatologyDr Padmesh Vadakepat
Before transfusing blood in a newborn, we have to understand the basic physiology and unique features of newborn blood groups. This presentation aims to simplify the same.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
3. A. The CT scan above demonstrates the
mass effect of the extra dural
haematoma on the main structures of
the brain.
B. Midline shift.
C. The ventricles show signs of being
compressed.
5. A. A large, inhomogenous mass is seen on the right
side of the abdomen, compressing the right kidney
posteriorly.
The mass did not appear to arise from the right adrenal
gland or right kidney
A. DD
1. Neuroblastoma
2. Wilms tumor
3. Lymphoma
4. Soft tissue sarcoma
5. Pheochromocytoma
7. A. Bowel loops in the chest cavity
B. Rt Sided Diaphragmatic Hernia
C. Management
1. NG on drainage
2. No bag and mask ventilation
3. Intubation and ventilation till pt stabilizes and the
corrective surgery
12. Part II A 7 year old child post head injury :-
1. Opens eyes in response to voice
2. Utters inappropriate words
3. Localizes painful stimuli
Calculate the GCS ?
14. A. Describe
the ECG
B. Identitify
the
condition
C. Treatment
15. A. Narrow complex tachycardia
B. SVT
C. IV Adenosine / Cardioversion
16. Answer:
A.According to RNTCP write
2HRZE + the treatment protocol for a
1HRZE +
5HRE case of treatment failure.
Answer:
B.According to IAP write the
2HRZE +
7HR treatment protocol for miliary
TB
17. Write down four
differences between
Supraglottic and
tracheal obstruction
18.
19. A Neonate 2 hrs of age has a
Calculate 1. Respiratory rate of 75/min,
the 2. Requires more than 40%
Downe’s oxygen,
score for 3. Has moderate to severe
this baby ? retractions,
4. Grunting audible with
stethetoscope
5. And decreased air entry.
21. A 4 hrs old neonate has
arterial pO2 of 100,
pCO2=30. He is on FiO2 of
0.4.
Calculate the a/ApO2 ratio?
RQ=1
22. A. ApO2= FiO2 (760-47) - PCO2/RQ
ApO2= 0.4(760-47)-30/1 =255
A. apO2/ApO2 = 100/ 255
= 0.39
23. Write down the details of
Manning score
(Fetal biophysical profile
score)
24. Components of the 30 minute Biophysical Profile Score
Component Definition
Fetal movements > 3 body or limb movements
Fetal tone One episode of active extension and flexion of
the limbs; opening and closing of hand
Fetal breathing movements >1 episode of >30 seconds in 30 minutes
- Hiccups are considered breathing activity.
Amniotic fluid volume A single 2 cm x 2 cm pocket is considered
adequate.
2 accelerations > 15 beats per minute of at least
Non-stress test
15 seconds duration
25. Observer station
Counsel the mother who has
brought her 2 year old male
child with the first episode
of simple febrile
convulsion.
-10 marks
26. 1) Wish the the mother and introduce yourself
2) Explain what a simple febrile and a complex
febrile seizure is.
3) Ask for family history febrile convulsions
4) Ask for history of seizures
5) Ask for history of neurodevelopment
6) Use of antipyretics
7) Use of hydrotherapy
8) Prophylaxis intermittent..antipyretics,
diazepam, clobazam
9) Management of a seizure at home
10) 1% risk of future epilepsy
28. 1. Wash hands, Ask for help of another staff
2. Intubate and suck out the meconium… can be done twice
3. Provide warmth
4. Dry, stimulate , reposition
5. Evaluate resp, HR, COLOR.
6. Provide Positive pressure ventilation
7. HR<60 Chest compressions
8. Administer epinephrine
9. Administer volume
10. Post resuscitation care
29. Write A.Organophosphate
down B.Iron
antidotes C.Benzodiazepines
for the D.Cyanides
following ? E. Copper
30. A. Organophosphate------------Atropine,
Pralidoxime
B. Iron--------------------------------Desferrioxamine
C. Benzodiazepines---------------Flumazenil
D. Cyanides--------------------------Amyl nitrite
E. Copper-----------------------------Penicillamine
32. 1.Corneal Reflex
2.Conjunctival Reflex
3.Sensory examination over scalp, cheek
and mandible
4.Loss of pain over the ant 2/3rd of the
tongue
5.Masseter and temporalis examination
6.Pterygoid muscle
38. 1. Make a slide of tissue or body fluid that is to be stained. Heat
the slide for few seconds until it becomes hot to the touch so
that bacteria are firmly mounted to the slide.
2. Add the primary stain crystal violet and incubate 1 minute.
3. Add Gram's iodine for 1 min. It is not a stain; it is a mordant. It
doesn't give color directly to the bacteria but it fixes the
crystal violet to the bacterial cell wall.
4. Wash with Decolorizer. If the bacteria is Gram-positive it will
retain the primary stain. If it is Gram-negative it will lose the
primary stain.
5. Add the secondary stain, safranin, and incubate 1 min, then
wash with water for a maximum of 5 seconds. If the bacteria is
Gram-positive then it will retain the primary stain and will not
take the secondary stain. It will look black-violet in a pink
background. If it is Gram-negative then it will lose the primary
stain and take secondary stain making it pink-red.
39. Write 1 A.Live bacteria, attenuated
example of B.Live virus attenuated
each of the C.Viral subunit
following ? D.Capsular polysaccharide
E. Toxoid
40. A. Live bacteria, attenuated… BCG,
Ty21a
B. Live virus attenuated………OPV,MMR
C. Viral subunit…………………Hep B
D. Capsular polysaccharide… Hib,
Meningo, Pnemococal
E. Toxoid………………………… DT,TT
41. Thefollowing is a table which
shows cigarette smoking and
lung cancer ?
Cigarette Developed cancer Did not devlop
smoking cancer
Yes 70 6930
no 3 2997
Calculate the relative risk ?
42. 1. RR= Incidence of disease in
exposed/Incidence of disease in non
exposed
2. Incidence of disease in exposed =
70/7000=10 per 1000
3. Incidence of disease in non
exposed=3/3000= 1 per 1000
4. So RR=10/1= 10
44. A. Sickling is demonstrated on the PS
B. Treatment
a) Maintain adequate hydration
b) Avoid hypoxia
c) Folic acid supplements
d) Blood transfusions
e) BMT
f) Hydroxy Urea
45. A. Describe the
PS
B. Diagnosis
C. Inheritance
D. Treatment
46. A. Spheroidal cells seen…
B. Hereditary Spherocytosis
C. AD
D. Folic acid, Spleenectomy
47. Child admitted with sudden
breathing problems . There was
history of playing with marbles
at the time of development of
marbles. X-RAY done shows ?
A.Describe XRAY ( 2 marks )
B.Diagnosis ( 2 marks )
C.Treatment ( 1 mark )
48. A. X-Ray findings:-
The right lung volume is increased and has herniated across the
mid-line.
The left lung is compressed by the displaced heart and
mediastinum.
The left lung remains airated and normal bronchi are seen on
that side. The right main bronchus cannot be traced from its
origin.
A. Rt main bronchus partially obstructed by non
opaque foreign body
B. Bronchoscopy and removal
49. 4 year old boy
with the
following photo
and CT.
A.Identify
syndrome
2 marks
B.Describe the CT
2 marks
C.Mode of
inheritance
1 mark
50. A. Sturge-Weber Syndrome
B. Axial nonenhanced CT scan shows left
hemiatrophy of the cerebral cortex and typical
gyral calcification
C. AD