The document discusses High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC), a bit-oriented synchronous data link layer protocol developed by ISO. It describes HDLC's operation modes including Normal Response Mode, Asynchronous Response Mode, and Asynchronous Balanced Mode. The document also covers HDLC frame format, frame classes including unnumbered, supervisory, and information frames, and HDLC protocol operation for link management and data transfer with error and flow control.