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![1 T1X1.5/2002-046
PPT ON
Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
BY
SUDANSHU
GUPTA
BE 7th
Semester [IT]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/genericframingprocedure-150928173156-lva1-app6892/75/Generic-framing-procedure-1-2048.jpg)
![7 T1X1.5/2002-046
Basic GFP Frame Structure
Core Header
FCS (optional)
Payload
Area
Length MSB
Length LSB
cHEC MSB
Payload
Payload Header
FCS[31:24]
FCS[23:16]
FCS[15:8]
FCS[7:0]
Payload Type MSB
Payload Type LSB
tHEC MSB
tHEC LSB
Optional
Extension
Header
cHEC LSB
eHEC MSB
eHEC LSB
Ext Hdr Byte 1
Ext Hdr Byte 2
Ext Hdr Byte n](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/genericframingprocedure-150928173156-lva1-app6892/75/Generic-framing-procedure-7-2048.jpg)
![14 T1X1.5/2002-046
GFP Frame: PPP Packet Routing via GFP
Core Header
Payload
Area
Length MSB
Length LSB
cHEC MSB
PPP
Packet
Payload
Payload Header
Payload Type MSB
Payload Type LSB
tHEC MSB
tHEC LSB
cHEC LSB
FCS (optional)
FCS[31:24]
FCS[23:16]
FCS[15:8]
FCS[7:0]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/genericframingprocedure-150928173156-lva1-app6892/75/Generic-framing-procedure-14-2048.jpg)
![16 T1X1.5/2002-046
GFP Frame: RPR Using GFP Ring Header
Core Header
Payload
Area
Length MSB
Length LSB
cHEC MSB
Packet
Payload
Payload Header
Payload Type MSB
Payload Type LSB
tHEC MSB
tHEC LSB
DestPort SrcPort
Spare
Spare DE CoS
TTL
Dest MAC[47:40]
Dest MAC[39:32]
Dest MAC[31:24]
Dest MAC[23:16]
Dest MAC[15:8]
Dest MAC[7:0]
Src MAC[47:40]
Src MAC[39:32]
Src MAC[31:24]
Src MAC[23:16]
Src MAC[15:8]
Src MAC[7:0]
eHEC MSB
eHEC LSB
Ring
Extension
Header
cHEC LSB
FCS (optional)
FCS[31:24]
FCS[23:16]
FCS[15:8]
FCS[7:0]
NOTE: GFP Ring Header removed to Living
List; 802.17 RPR proposes to include ring
header as part of GFP payload).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/genericframingprocedure-150928173156-lva1-app6892/75/Generic-framing-procedure-16-2048.jpg)
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Generic framing procedure
- 1. 1 T1X1.5/2002-046 PPT ON GenericFraming Procedure (GFP) BY SUDANSHU GUPTA BE 7th Semester [IT]
- 2. 2 T1X1.5/2002-046 CONTENTS • Whatis GFP • Frame format of GFP • Modes of GFP • Types of GFP • Packet routing • Resilient Packet rings • Extending LAN/SAN over WAN • SAN Transport • Transparent GFP Mapping • Frame vs. Transparent GFP • Conclusion
- 3. 3 T1X1.5/2002-046 What isGFP? • GFP is an emerging new standard for Data Encapsulation • Accepts any client, encapsulate in simple frame, transport over network • Uses length/HEC frame of variable length packets • Allows multiple data streams to be transported over single path – Packet aggregation for router applications – Common encapsulation of different client data types (e.g. Ethernet, HDLC)
- 4. 4 T1X1.5/2002-046 • ITUstandard, G.7041 describes a Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) which may be used for efficiently mapping client signals into and transporting them over SONET/SDH or G.709 links. This presentation provides an overview of network applications which have driven the development of the GFP standard. Applications are related to some of the features included in G.7041.
- 5. 5 T1X1.5/2002-046 • TransparentMapping supports LAN/SAN extension over WAN • Extension headers support various network topologies –Null Extension Header for channelized Point-to-Point network –Linear Extension Header for Port Aggregation over Point-to-Point network –Ring Header for Resilient Packet Ring applications.
- 6. 6 T1X1.5/2002-046 FRAME FORMAT AGFP frame consists of: • A core header • A payload header • An optional extension header • A GFP payload • An optional payload frame check sequence
- 7. 7 T1X1.5/2002-046 Basic GFPFrame Structure Core Header FCS (optional) Payload Area Length MSB Length LSB cHEC MSB Payload Payload Header FCS[31:24] FCS[23:16] FCS[15:8] FCS[7:0] Payload Type MSB Payload Type LSB tHEC MSB tHEC LSB Optional Extension Header cHEC LSB eHEC MSB eHEC LSB Ext Hdr Byte 1 Ext Hdr Byte 2 Ext Hdr Byte n
- 8. 8 T1X1.5/2002-046 MODES OFGFP •There are two modes of GFP:- • Generic Framing Procedure - Framed (GFP-F) • Generic Framing Procedure - Transparent (GFP-T)
- 9. 9 T1X1.5/2002-046 • GFP-Fmaps each client frame into a single GFP frame. GFP-F is used where the client signal is framed or packetized by the client protocol. • GFP-T on the other hand, allows mapping of multiple 8B/10B block-coded client data streams into an efficient 64B/65B block code for transport within a GFP frame.
- 10. 10 T1X1.5/2002-046 TYPES OFGFP There are two types of GFP frames:- •A GFP client frame •A GFP control frame
- 11. 11 T1X1.5/2002-046 • AGFP Client frame can be further classified as either a client data frame or a client management frame. The former is used to transport client data, while the latter is used to transport point-to-point management information like loss of signal, etc
- 12. 12 T1X1.5/2002-046 • TheGFP Control frame currently consists only of a core header field with no payload area. This frame is used to compensate for the gaps between the client signal where the transport medium has a higher capacity than the client signal, and is better known as an idle frame.
- 13. 13 T1X1.5/2002-046 Application: PacketRouting through Big Fat Pipes Packet Switch N x GbE SONET SDH Mapper SONET SDH Mapper SPI-4 SPI-3 Router-based WAN OC-48 STM-16 OC-192 STM-64 • Packet Switch encodes/decodes 8B/10B and routes packets to appropriate SPI-n • SONET/SDH Mapper encapsulates packets using PPP over GFP and maps them into concatenated payload (STS-48c/VC-4-16c or STS-192c/VC-4-64c) • All packet switching in WAN is handled by Layer 2 routing • Single traffic type aggregated in edge switch & routers into big-fat-pipes going to desired hop in routing table • Control info from 8B/10B encoding is not preserved • Relies on PPP for Link Configuration Edge Switch
- 14. 14 T1X1.5/2002-046 GFP Frame:PPP Packet Routing via GFP Core Header Payload Area Length MSB Length LSB cHEC MSB PPP Packet Payload Payload Header Payload Type MSB Payload Type LSB tHEC MSB tHEC LSB cHEC LSB FCS (optional) FCS[31:24] FCS[23:16] FCS[15:8] FCS[7:0]
- 15. 15 T1X1.5/2002-046 Application: ResilientPacket Rings GbE MAC OC-m STM-n Packet Ring HDLC Proc. SONET SDH Mapper Framer • Resilient Packet Ring (RPR), also known as IEEE 802.17, is a protocol standard designed for the optimized transport of data traffic over optical fiber ring networks. • Multiplex packet streams into single STS-Nc / VC-4-Xc • Each packet is encapsulated into GFP Frame • Payload Type ID in payload header supports multi-service applications. Network Process. & Switch SPI-nSPI-n 8B/10B Client Packet Stream Ring Node Ring Node Ring Node Ring Node Packet Add/Drop
- 16. 16 T1X1.5/2002-046 GFP Frame:RPR Using GFP Ring Header Core Header Payload Area Length MSB Length LSB cHEC MSB Packet Payload Payload Header Payload Type MSB Payload Type LSB tHEC MSB tHEC LSB DestPort SrcPort Spare Spare DE CoS TTL Dest MAC[47:40] Dest MAC[39:32] Dest MAC[31:24] Dest MAC[23:16] Dest MAC[15:8] Dest MAC[7:0] Src MAC[47:40] Src MAC[39:32] Src MAC[31:24] Src MAC[23:16] Src MAC[15:8] Src MAC[7:0] eHEC MSB eHEC LSB Ring Extension Header cHEC LSB FCS (optional) FCS[31:24] FCS[23:16] FCS[15:8] FCS[7:0] NOTE: GFP Ring Header removed to Living List; 802.17 RPR proposes to include ring header as part of GFP payload).
- 17. 17 T1X1.5/2002-046 Application: ExtendingLAN / SAN over WAN GbE FC 8B/10B Clients STS-m STM-n 8B/10B Client STS-m STM-n SONET / SDH Network GbE FC GbE FC GbE FC LAN / SAN 8B/10B Client GbE FC SONET SDH Mapper Framer SONET SDH Mapper Framer SONET SDH Mapper Framer • If you want to preserve individual 8B/10B block-coded channels, but cannot fit two1.25 Gb/s GbE channels into a single OC-48 / STM-16 • Transport of single 1.25 Gb/s stream over OC-48 / STM-16 is excessively wasteful. • Need to preserve control info (e.g. link configuration) for LAN extension, so we cannot just send data packets. • Cannot just interleave two streams into single path and still expect SONET/SDH to deliver to different destinations.
- 18. 18 T1X1.5/2002-046 SAN Transportthrough Right-Sized Pipes using GFP N x Fibre Chan, GbE, FICON, ESCON SONET SDH Mapper with VC SONET/SDH Switched WAN OC-48/STM-16 or OC-192/STM-64 • Transparent Encapsulation / Decapsulation preserves Control Info • Virtually-concatenated (VC) paths sized to fit individual client signals • Client signals preserved intact through the network • Signals routed by switching VC paths (STS-1/VC-3 or STS-3c/VC-4 switching) • Mix of protocols may be carried, each in its own VC path • Virtual Concatenation (VC) is essential to compete against SAN over dark fiber SAN - WAN PHY 8B/10B Codec 8B/10B Codec Transparent Encapsulate / Extract Transparent Encapsulate / Extract
- 19. 19 T1X1.5/2002-046 Transparent GFPMapping • 12 8B/10B “Special Characters” remapped to 4-bit codes as shown • 10B Violations mapped as “10B_ERR” (RD errs, unrecognized 10B codes) • Rate adapt by inserting “65B_PAD” code NAME Byte Value 10B Codeword (RD-) abcdei fghj 10B Codeword (RD+) abcdei fghj 64B/65B 4-bit Mapping /K28.0/ 1C 001111 0100 110000 1011 0000 /K28.1/ 3C 001111 1001 110000 0110 0001 /K28.2/ 5C 001111 0101 110000 1010 0010 /K28.3/ 7C 001111 0011 110000 1100 0011 /K28.4/ 9C 001111 0010 110000 1101 0100 /K28.5/ BC 001111 1010 110000 0101 0101 /K28.6/ DC 001111 0110 110000 1001 0110 /K28.7/ FC 001111 1000 110000 0111 0111 /K23.7/ F7 111010 1000 000101 0111 1000 /K27.7/ FB 110110 1000 001001 0111 1001 /K29.7/ FD 101110 1000 010001 0111 1010 /K30.7/ FE 011110 1000 100001 0111 1011 10B_ERR N/A Unrecognized RD- Unrecognized RD+ 1100 65B_PAD N/A N/A N/A 1101 Spare N/A N/A N/A 1110 Spare N/A N/A N/A 1111
- 20. 20 T1X1.5/2002-046 Frame-Mapped GFPvs. Transparent GFP Frame-Mapped GFP Transparent-Mapped GFP Variable Length GFP Frames Fixed Length GFP Frames 1-to-1 mapping of Data Packets to GFP Frames N-to-1 mapping of client “characters” to GFP Frames Point-to-Point, Packet Aggregation, or Resilient Packet Ring Network Topology Primarily Point-to-Point Topology using Virtual Concatenation Requires “MAC” to terminate client signal and pass only data packets. Only 8B/10B PHY layer terminated; “MAC” not required to terminate higher layer protocol. Data only passed in 8B format. Data and control compressed using 64B/65B re-coding. Channel-associated control possible using GFP Control Frames. Channel-associated control possible using GFP Control Frames. Unclear if client Loss-of-Sync, or code violations should be communicated to far-end. Transparent mapping defines mechanisms for communicating LOS, Loss-of-Sync, code violations to far end. Doesn’t define client egress action due to SONET/SDH signal failure. Defines client egress action due to SONET/SDH signal failure.
- 21. 21 T1X1.5/2002-046 GFP Conclusion •Various GFP Applications have been described and illustrated – Packet routing – Port aggregation over SONET/SDH using Linear Extension Headers – Resilient Packet Ring applications using Ring Extension Headers – Transparent Transport of 8B/10B clients • Basic GFP Frame Structure has been described and shown – Length frame delineation, similar to ATM cell delineation. – Payload Headers ID encapsulated payload & encapsulation options • Presence or absence of optional FCS • Presence and type or absence of extension header • Payload type allows for mixing data types in a single SONET/SDH – Extension headers support various network topologies • Null Extension Header for channelized Point-to-Point network • Linear Extension Header for Port Aggregation over Point-to-Point network • Ring Header for Resilient Packet Ring applications
- 22. 22 T1X1.5/2002-046 • LAN/SANextension over WAN using Transparent Mapping described and shown – 64B/65B re-coding preserves data & control for “transparent” transport – Superblocks provide error detection / correction over relatively small blocks – Supports efficient transport of full-rate 8B/10B clients over smallest paths.
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