This document provides an outline of Spanish grammar topics including: verb conjugations in the present tense, stem changers, saber vs conocer, reflexive verbs, the impersonal "se", verbs like gustar, diphthongs with accents, irregular yo forms, hacer expressions, the imperfect and preterite tenses, irregular preterite verbs, cucaracha verbs, comparatives, superlatives, the future and irregular future tenses. It also provides examples and explanations of conjugations for many of these topics in 3 sentences or less.

1. By: Taciana Key

2. 1. Title page
2. Tabla de Contenidos
3. Present tense
4. Ser vs. Estar
5. Stem changers
6. Irregular “yo”
7. Saber vs. Conocer
8. Reflexives
9. “Se” Impersonal
10. Verbs like Gustar
11. Dipthongs with accents
12. Verbs like Uir/Guir; Cer/Cir; Ger/Gir
13. Hacer Expressions
14. Imperfecto
15. Preterite
16. Los Irregulares Preterite (Car/Gar/Zar)
17. Cucaracha verbs
18. Spock verbs
19. Snake/Snakey
20. Comparatives
21. Superlatives
22. El Futuro
23. El Futuro Irregulares

3.  Touse present tense change the ar/er/ir
ending to the following conjugation:
Yo- o Nosotros- Yo- o Nosotros-
amos imos
Tu- as Tu- es
El/Ella/Ust Ellos/Ellas/ Yo- o Nosotros- El/Ella/Ust Ellos/Ella/
ed- a Ustedes- emos/imos ed- e Ustedes-
an Tu- es en
El/Ella/Ust Ellos/Ella/
ed- e Ustedes-
en

4. e=>ie
• Quiero
• Quieres
• Quiere Everthing
• Queremos
changes
Querer • Quieren
except in
e=>I •
•
•
Pido
Pides
Pide
nosotros
form!
• Pedimos
Pedir • Piden
o=>ue •
•
•
Duermo
Duermes
Duerme
• Dormimos
Dormir • Duermen
u=>ue •
•
•
Juego
Juegas
Juega
• Jugamos
Jugar • Juegan

5. 
U
O
IE
EE
t
These verbs will change its
conjugation in the “yo” form.
• Hacer-haigo • Recoger-recojo
• Decir-digo • Escojer- escojo
-Go
G-J
verbs
C-Z C-ZC
• Ejercer-ejerzo • Conoce-
• Cocer-cuezo conozco
• Obedecer-
obedezco

7. Saber:
expresses Conocer: to
knowledge of express
information knowing or
about being familiar
something with someone

8.  Reflects action of the verb back to the
subject.
 Pronouns: me, te, se, nos, se
Ex- Me rasco el brazo - (I scratch my arm)
Ex- Te rascas el brazo – (You scratch your arm)
Ex- Se rasca el brazo – (He/She scratches his/her arm)
Ex- Nos rascamos los brazos – (We scratch our arms)
Ex- Se rascan los brazos – (They scratch their arm)

9.  Weuse the impersonal “se” to get around
specifying the person doing the action.
 Example:
 Se nadar bien en el lago
 One swims well in the lake.

10. Yo (Me) Encantar
Tu (Te) Fascinar – to be
fascinating to
Mi amigo/a (Le) Molestar – to be a bother
Mi amigos/as (Les) Faltar – to be lacking
something
Usted (Le) Parecer – to appear to
be
Ustedes (Les) Disgustar – to hate
something
Nosostros (Nos) Importar – to be
important to

11.  Combination of two vowel sounds to make a
strong syllable.
 Made up of weak and strong vowels
 Usually i, y, & u are weak vowels and a ,e ,& o are
strong
AI: UE: UA:
Baile Puesto Guatemala
dance post (country)

12.  Changes in the “yo” form
Dirigir – to direct Recoger – to pick up
Dirijo Dirigimos Recojo Recogemos
Diriges Recoges
Dirige Dirigen recoge Recogen
Extinguir – to extinguish Reconstruir – to reconstruct
Extingo Extinguimos Reconstruyo Reconstruimos
Extingues Reconstruyes
extingue extinguen Reconstruye Reconstruyen
Convencer – to convince Decir – to say/ tell
Convenzo Convencemos Digo Decimos
Convences Dices
Convence Convencon Dice Dicen

13.  Use this equation to express time
 Ex- Hace dos dias que bebo kool-aid.
 Two days ago I drink kool- aid.

14.  No definite beginning or ending
 Uncompleted action in the past
Ar-
aba abamos
Trigger Words: abas abias
 Nunca(never) aba aban
 A veces(sometimes) Er/Ir-
ia iamos
 Todo a tiempo(all the time)
ias iais
 A menudo(often) ia ian

15. -ar -er/ir
e i
aste iste
o io
amos imos
 Pasttense aron ieron
 Known beginning and or ending
 “snapshot” of time
Trigger Words:
 Ayer (yesterday)
 Anoche (last night)
 Anteayer (day before yesterday)
 La semana pasada (last week)

16.  Car/gar/zar- change the “yo” form to
que/gue/ce
Jugar
• Jugue
• Jugaste
Tocar • Jugo Comenzar
• Jugamos
• jugaron • Comence
• Toque
• Comenzaste
• Tocaste
• Comenzo
• Toco
• Comenzamos
• Tocamos
• comenzaron
• tocaron

17. • Hice
• Hiciste
Hacer • Hizo
• Hicimos
• Hicieron
Ser
• fui
Ir & • Fuiste
• Fue
Ser • Fuimos
• fueron
•Di
Dar
•Dio
•diste
•Dimos
•dieron
•Vi
Ver
•Viste
•Vio
•Vimos
•vieron

18. Andar Anduve-
Estar Estuve-
Poder Pud-
Poner Pus-
Quere Quis-
Saber Sup-
-e -imos
Tener Tuv-
Venir Vin- -iste -isteis
Conducir Conduj- -o -ieron
Producir Produj-
Traducir Traduj-
Decir Dij- Take off the “I”
Traer Traj-

19.  Dormir
 Dormi
 Dormimos
 Dormiste
 Durmio
 Leer
 Dumieron
 Lei
 Leimos
 Leiste
 Leyo
 Leyeron

20. :comparison of one thing to another
using (more, less, or as…as)
 Mas/menos + adj + que
adv *If using a number you use “de”
instead of “que”.
noun
 Me acuesto mas tarde que tu
 I go to bed later than you
 To use equality use:
 Tan- so
 Tanto- so much
 Tantos/as- so many Adjective Comparative
Bueno Mejor
Malo Peor
Grande mayor
Pequeno menor

21. :indicates the noun that is least, worst,
most, or best of all.
 Definite article + noun + mas/menos + adj + de
 Miguel es el chico mas inteligente de la clase
 Michael is the smartest boy in the class.
Adjective Superlative
Bueno El/la mejor
Malo El/la peor
Grande El/la meyor
Pequeno El/la menor

22. e
as
a
 Infinitive + ending emos
 Ex: vivir – vivre an
 Comer – comere
 Hablar – hablare
Ir + a + infinitve ( the immediate future)

23.  Decir – dir
 Haber – habr
 Hacer – har
 Poder – podr
e
 Poner – pondr as
 Querer – querr Infinitive + a
 Saber – sabr emos
 Salir – saldr an
 Tener – tendr
 Valer – valdr
 Venir - vendr