A collection of items I learned in Semester 1+ 2 of my Honors Spanish 2 class

2.  Que vs. Cual
 Ser
 Estar
 Gustar
Transition Words
Semestre Uno

 Imperfects
 Imperfects (cont)
 Trigger Words
 Acabar de +infinitivo
 Formulas and Hacer expressions
 Verbs like gustar
 Reflexive verbs
 DOP and Placement
 Preterite
 Preterite (-car,-gar,-zar)
 Snake Snakey
 El preterite: Cucaracha
 Irregular Preterites
Semestre Dos
 Modal Verbs
 Los Adverbios
 Progressive Tense
 El Futuro
 Superlatives
 Formal Commands
 Prepositions
 Conditional
 Demonstratives

3.  Cual?- Which?
 Que?- What?
 Cual is used for selection from a group
 Que is used when asking for defintion

4.  Descriptions- Que es?
 Origin- De donde es?
 Characteristics- Como es?
 Time- Que hora es?
 Occupation- Que hace?
 Relationships- Quien es?
 Possession- De quien es?
 Events- Cuando/Donde es?
 Dates- Que dia es hoy?

5.  Health- Como estas?
 Emotions- Como estas?
 Location (en)- Donde estas?
 Present Condition- Como estas?
 Ing- Ques esta haciendo?

6.  Subjects  Emphasis
› Me gusta › A mi me gusta.
› Te gusta › A ti te gusta
› Le gusta › A usted/el/ella le
› Nos gusta gusta
› Os gusta › A nosotros nos gusta
› Les gusta › A vosotros os gusta
› A ustedes/ellos/ellas
les gusta

7.  Y  And
 Tambien  Also
 Ni  Nor
 O  Or
 Para  For
 But
 Pero
 So
 Asi
 Later
 Luego
 Never
 Nunca
 Soon
 Ahora  Now
 Primero  First
 Despues  After
 Ni  Neither nor
 Por  Because of this
 Asi  Causing this to appen
 Entonces  Then

8.  Imperfect –ar Verbs  Imperfect –er/ir
 -aba -abamos  -ia -iamos
 -abas -abais  -ias -iais
 -aba -aban  -ia -ias
 Se  Ve
 -era -eramos  -veia -veiamos
 -eras -erais  -veias -veiais
 -era -eran  -veia -veian

9.  -iba -ibamos  Uses
 -ibas -ibais › Past tense
 -iba -iban › Repeated Action
› Continual Action
› Not a specific
moment
› Time/date/age/feeli
ngs/descriptions
› Interrupted activity

10.  Todos los dias
 A menudo
 A veces
 Siempre
 Cada dias
 Los Lunes
 Generalmente
 Mientras
 De vez en cuando
 Muchas veces
 Frecuentemente

11.  To have just finished
 -acabo de -acabamos de
 -acabas de -
 -acaba de -acaban de

12.  Hace + time+ que+ conjugated verb
› Used to talk about how much time you’ve been
doing something
 Hay + que + infinitive
› Used to talk about what needs to be or must be
done
 Se prohibe + infinitive
› Tells what is prohibited
 Se permite + infinitive
› Tells what is permitted
 Ir + a + infinitive
› Tells what someone is going to do
› Conjugate ir

13.  Must have indirect object
 “to whom?” or “for whom?”
 Ex:
fascinar, faltar, encantar, importar, intere
star, molestar, doler

14.  Reflects action upon self
 Subject is “do-er” and reciever of action
 End in –se
 Subject and object are the same
 Ex: ducharse, lavarse, ponerse, peinarse
 Reflexive pronouns
› Me nos
› Te os
› Se se

15.  Affirmative
› Conjugate verb to “tu” form, drop the “s”
› Add an accent mark to the 3rd to last syllable when
syllabification changes
 Negative
› Conjugate verb to “yo” form, change the last letter to the
opposite vowel (ar->e, ir/er->a), add “s”
 Irregulars
› Di- decir
› Haz- Hacer
› Ve- ir
› Pon- poner
› Sal- salir
› Se- Ser
› Ten- tener
› Ven- Venir

16.  Attaches to:
› Infinitive verbs (ex: voy a comerlo)
› Tu commands (ex:comelo!)
› Present progressive (gerunds) (ex:
comiendolo)
› -me -nos
› -te -os
› -lo/la -los/las

17.  Used for completed
actions in the past
 -ar verbs  -ir/er verbs
 -e -amos  -I -imos
 -aste -  -iste -
 -o -aron  -io -ieron

18. Tocar Jugar Comenzar
Toque Jugue Comence
Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste
Toco Jugo Comenzo
Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos
Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron

19.  Snake  Snakey
Y changers
› Stem changers 
 Leer
 Dormir  Lei
 Dormi
 Leimos
 Dormimos
 Leiste
 Dormiste
 Leyo
 Durmio
 Leyeron
 Durmieron

20.  Andar anduv- E
 Estar estuv- iste
 Poder pud- o
 Poner pus- imos
 Quere quis- ieron
 Saber sup- (No I for bottom two)
 Tener tuv-
 Venir vin-
 Conducir conduj-
 Producir produj-
 Traducir traduj-
 Decir dij-
 Traer traj-

22.  *conjugate and pair the modal verb with
an infinitive to get a new meaning
 ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)
 Poder + infinitive (are able to do something)
 Querer + infinitive (want to do something)
 Deber + infinitive (should do something)
 Tener que + infinitive (to have to do
something)
 Soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to…)

23.  When two adverbs modify the same
verb, only the second one uses –mente
ending adverb is the same as the
feminine singular form of the adjective
 Example-
› Juan trabaja lenta y cuidadosamente.
› Juan works slowly and carefully
 Irregular Adverbs

24.  The present progressive is formed by
combining the verb “to be” with the
present participle. ( The present pariciple is
merely the “-ing” form of a verb.) To form
the present progressive, conjugate estar.
 Estar + -ando/-iendo/ -yendo
 Example
› Estoy hablando a ti.
 I am talking to you.
› Estaba hablando a ti.
 I was talking to you.

25.  Infinitive + ending
› Endings are the same for –ar, -er, and =-r

26.  Used when saying more or less
 Mas + Adjective
› (The most)
 Menos + Adjective
› (The least)

27.  Put in the “yo” form and change to
opposite vowel
 Same for regular and negative
› Ar = e
› Er/Ir = a
 Tenga
 Venga
 Este
 Saga

28.  Abajo: Down
 Arriba: Top
 Debajo de: Below
 Dentro de: Within
 Encima de: On top of
 Fuera de: Outside
 Izquierda: Left
 Derecha : Right
 Delante: In front of
 Detras: Behind
 Entre: Between
 Cerca: Near
 Lejos: Far

29.  Conditional is used to show future
actions that were spoken about in the
past.
 Would, should, or could have.
› Ia
› Ias
› Ia
› Iamos
› Ian

30.  Near- Este, Esta
 Far- Ese, Esa
 Over there- Aquel, Aquella
 These- Estos, Estas
 Those- Esos, Esas
 Those over there- Aquellos, Aquellas