This document provides a table of contents and explanations of various Spanish grammar topics, including: - The difference between "que" and "cual" - How to use "ser" and "estar" - The structure of sentences using verbs like "gustar" - Common Spanish transition words - Forms of imperfect verbs and how they are used - Trigger words that indicate the imperfect tense - The construction of "acabar de + infinitive" - Formulas and expressions using "hacer" - Characteristics of reflexive verbs and verbs like "gustar" - Forming affirmative and negative tú commands - Placement of the direct object pronoun and uses

1. GRAMMAR
BOOK
Lila Masters

2. Table of Contents
 Que vs. Cual – pg. 3
 Ser – pg. 4
 Estar – pg. 5
 Gustar – pg. 6
 Transition Words – pg. 7
 Imperfects – pg. 8
 Trigger Words – pg. 9
 Acabar de + infinitive – pg. 10
 Formulas and Hacer Expressions – pg. 11
 Verbs Like Gustar – pg. 12
 Reflexive Verbs – pg. 13
 Tú Commands – pg. 14
 DOP and Placement – p. 15
 Preterite – p. 16

3. Que vs. Cual
 Que? – what?
 Cual? – which?
 Que is used when asking for definition
 Cual is used for selection from a group

4. Ser – DOCTOR PED
 Descriptions - Qué es?
 Origin - De dondé es? Soy de …
 Characteristics - Como es?
 Time - Qué hora es?
 Occupation - Qué hace?
 Relationships - Quien es?
 Possession - De quien es?
 Events - Cuando/Donde es?
 Dates - Qué dia es hoy?

5. Estar - HELPING
 Health: Como estas? –
bien, mal, regular, enfermo
 Emotions: Como estas? –
enojado, triste, nervioso
 Location (en): Donde estas? – la casa, el
café
 Present Condition: Como estas? –
frio, lluvioso
 -ing: Que esta haciendo? –

6. Gustar
Subjects Emphasis
• Me gusta(n) • A mi me gusta(n)
• Te gusta(n) • A ti te gusta(n)
• Le gusta(n) • A usted/el/ella le
• Nos gusta(n) gusta(n)
• Os gusta(n) • A nosotros nos
• Les gusta(n) gusta(n)
• A vosotros os gusta(n)
• A ustedes/ellos/ellas
les gusta(n)

7. Transition Words
 Y – and  Ahora -
 Tambien – also  Primero – first
 Ni – nor  Después – after
 O – or  Ni – ni : neither nor
 Para – for  Por – eso : because of
 Pero – but this
 Asi – so  Así – que : causing
 Luego – later this to happen
 Entonces -
 Nunca – never

8. Imperfect Verb Forms
Uses:
Imperfect –ar Verbs•Past tense Imperfect -er/-ir
•Repeated action
-aba -abamos •Continual action Verbs
-ía -
•Not a specific moment
-abas -abais •Time/date/age/feelings/ íamos
-aba -aban descriptions -ías -íais
•Interrupted activity
-ía -ías
Se I Ve
era r éramo iba r íbamo veíar veíamo
s s s
era erais ibas ibais veía veíais
s iba iban s
era eran veía veían

9. Trigger Words
 Todos los días
 A menudo
 A veces
 Siempre
 Cada días
 Los lunes
 Generalmente
 Mientras
 De vez un cuando
 Muchas veces
 Frecuentemente

10. Acabar de + infinitive
 To have just finished
acabo de acabamos
de
acabas
de
acaba de acaban de

11. Formulas and Hacer
Expressions
 Hace + time + que + conjugated verb
 Used to talk about how much time you’ve been doing
something
 Hay + que + infinitive
 Used to talk about what needs to be or must be done
 Se prohibe + infinitive
 Tells what is prohibited
 Se permite + infinitive
 Tells what is permitted
 Ir + a + infinitive
 Tells what someone is going to do
 Conjugate ir

12. Verbs Like Gustar
 Must have indirect object
 “to whom?” or “for whom?”
 Ex: fascinar, faltar, encantar, importar,
interestar, molestar, doler

13. Reflexive Verbs
 Reflects action upon self
 Subject is “do-er” and reciever of action
 End in –se
 Subject and object are the same
 Ex: ducahrse, lavarse, ponerse, peinarse
 Reflexive pronouns:
me nos
te os
se se

14. Tú Commands
 Affirmative
 Conjugate verb to “tu” form, drop the “s”
 Add an accent mark to the 3rd to last syllable when syllabification changes
 Negative
 Conjugate verb to “yo” form, change the last letter to the opposite vowel (ar  e,
ir/er  a), add “s”
 Irregulars
 Di – decir
 Haz – hacer
 Ve – ir
 Pon – poner
 Sal – salir
 Sé – ser
 Ten – tener
 Ven - venir

15. DOP and Placement
 Attaches to:
 Infinitve
verbs (ex: voy a comerlo)
 Tú commands (ex: cómelo!)
 Present progressive (jerunds) (ex: comiéndolo)
me nos
te os
lo/la los/las

16. Preterite
 Used for completed actions in the past
-ar verbs -ir/-er verbs
-é - -í -imos
amo -iste
s
-ió -ieron
-
aste
-ó -aron