This document contains a table of contents that outlines grammatical concepts in Spanish including stem changers, reflexives, saber vs conocer verbs, imperfect versus preterite tenses, and future tense formation. It provides examples of conjugations for regular and irregular verbs in the present, preterite, and future tenses. Key uses of the imperfect tense are defined. Comparisons are explained using mas/menos and tan/tanto.

1. Adi Hammond

2. Table of Contents
 Present
 Stem changers
 Irregular “yo”
 Saber vs. Conocer
 Reflexives
 “Se” impersonal
 Dipthongs
 Verbs like
 Hace + ____ + que + ____
 Imperfecto
 Preterite
 Comparisons
 Future

3. Presente (Regular)
Ar Er Ir
O O O
As Es Es
A E E
Amos Emos Imos
An En en

4. Stem Changers
 E  ie
EI
 O  ue
 U  ue

5. Irregular “yo”
 “go”  “j”  “zc”
 Tengo  Protejo  Conozco
 Tienes  Proteges  Conoces
 Tiene  Protege  Conoce
 Tenemos  Protegemos  Conocemos
 Tienen  Protegen  conocen

6. Saber vs. Conocer
 Saber  Conocer
 Used to express  Used to express
knowledge of facts familiarity with
 Ellos saben que el places or people
escritor Gabriel.  Conozco Costa
Rica.

7. Reflexives
 Verbs that require a reflexive pronoun
when used. They can be identified by
the “se” suffix appended to the infinitive.
 Me (myself)
 Te (yourself)
 Se (yourself, himself, herself, itself)
 Nos (ourselves)
 Se (yourselves, themselves)

8. “Se” impersonal
 Passive voice  “se”
 Reciprocal action  “nos, os, se”

9. Gir/Ger
Proteger To protect Protejo
Escoger To choose Escojo
Recoger To pick up Recojo
Encoger To shrink Encojo
Dirigir To direct Dirijo
Fingir To pretend Finjo
Elegir To elect Elijo
Corregir To correct corrijo

10. Verbos que terminan en guir
Distinguir Extinguir Senguir Conseguir Perseguir
Distingo Extingo Sengo Consego Persego
Distingues Extingues Sengues Consegues Persegues
Distengue Extingue Sengue Consegue Persegue
Distenguimo Extinguimos Senguimos Conseguimo Perseguimo
s s s
Distenguis Extinguis Senguis Conseguis Perseguis
Distenguen Extinguen Senguen Conseguen Perseguen

11. Verbos como convencer
Cocer To cook Cuezo
Torcer To twist Tuerzo
Mecer To rock Mezo
Ejercer To practice Ejerzo
Vencer To overcome venzo
Verbos como conocer
Ofrecer To offer Ofrezco
Obedecer to obey obedezco

12. Imperfectos
1. To express what was happening at the
time repeatedly.
2. To describe people or things in the past.
3. To describe a state of mind, an opinion, or
a feeling the past.
4. To express the time of day in the past.
5. When describing an action that was in the
process of happening when interrupted by
another action.
6. To set the stage, describe a situation or
setting.

13. Abas/ias
Ar Er/ir
Aba Ia
Abas Ias
Aba Ia
Abamos Iamos
Aban Ian
Irregulars
Ir Ser Ver
Iba Era veia

14. Preterite (Regular)
Ar Er/ir
E I
Aste Iste
O Io
Amos Imos
Aron ieron

15. Car/Gar/Zar
 Car  que
 Gar  gue
 Zar  ce

16. Spock
Ir/Ser

17. Cucaracha

18. Snake/Snakey
 Snake
EI
Ou
 Snakey
Y

19. Comparisons
 (mas/menos) + (adj/adv/noun) + (que) Irregular
 Numbers (de)instead of (que). •Bueno
•Mejor
 Verbs
•Malo
 (verb) + (mas/menos) + (que) •Peor
 Equality •Grande
•Pequeno
 (tan) + (adj/adv) + (como)
•Menor
 (tanto) + (sing noun/plural noun) + •Joven
(como) •Viejo
 (verb) + (tanto como) •mayor
tan = so
Tanto = so much
Tantos = so many

20. Future
Regular Irregular
E Re
As Ras
A Ra
Emos Remos
An Ran