This grammar book covers many Spanish grammar topics in 3 sentences or less including: stem changers, pronoun placement, indirect object pronouns, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, the preterite, trigger words, -car -gar -zar verbs, deber + infinitive, modal verbs, the present progressive, and adverbs.

1. Grammar Book
By: Jazmin Watley

2. Table of Contents
• Nationalities • Preterite
• Stem changers • Trigger Words
• Object Pronoun Placement • -car,-gar,-zar
• Indirect Object Pronouns
• Deber+Infinitive
• Gustar
• Affirmative/ Negative Words • MODAL verbs
• Superlatives • Present Progressive
• Reflexives • Adverbs
• Affirmative tu
commands+irregulars+pronou
n placement
• Negative tu
commands+irregulars+pronou
n placement
• Sequencing Events

3. Nationalities

4. Stem changers
• Boot verbs change only inside the boot
• Contar Cuento
O-ue Boot verbs change only inside the
boot:
• Pensar Pienso
E- ie Almuerzo Almorzamos
Almuerzas Almorzais
Almuerza Almuerzan
• Pedir Pido
E- i
•Jugar Juego
U- ue

5. Pronoun Placement
Attach pronoun to a progressive
tense
Attach a pronoun to an
affirmative command Ex: dimela
Attach the pronoun to the
infinitive Ex: comprarle
Place the pronoun before a
conjugated verb Ex: le compra

6. IOP
Yo - Me Nosotros - Nos
Tu - Te Vosotros - Os
El, Ella, Ud. - Le Ellas, Ellos, Uds. - Les

7. Gustar
Singular Plural
Yo: Nosotros: Yo: Nosotros:
Me gusta Nos gusta Me gustan Nos gustan
Tu: Vosotros: Tu: Vosotros:
Te gusta Os gusta Te Gustan Os gustan
Ellos, Ellas, Uds.
El, Ella, Ud.: Ellos, Ellas, Uds.: El, Ella, Ud:
:
Le gusta Les gusta Le gustan
Les gustan

8. Affirmative/ Negative words
Affirmative Negative
Algo- Nada-
Something Nothing
Nadie-
Alguien-
No one
Someone
Ningun/Ninguno-
Algun/Alguno-
None/ Not only
Same
Siempre- Nunca-
Always Never
Tambien- Tampoco-
Also Neither

9. Superlatives
-isimo, -isimos, -isima, & -isimas are
added to adverbs and adjectives
Adjectives & Adverbs ending in
C,G, or Z change spelling to –qu, -
gu, & -c respectively. Ex: Rico---
Riquisimo
Adjectives and adverbs ending in –n or
–r form by adding –cisimo(a). Ex:
Joven--- Jovencisimo

10. Reflexives
Can come before a conjugated verb or attached to an infinitive. Ex: se lava or lavarse
Yo- Me Nosotros- Nos
Vosotros- Os
Tu- Te
El, Ella, Ud.- Se Ellos, Ellas, Uds.- Se

11. Affirmative tu
commands+irregulars+pronoun
placement
Rules: Venir Ven
1) Drop the “s” Tener Ten
Poner Pon
Salir Sal
Hacer Haz
Decir Di
Ir Ve
Ser Se

12. Negative tu
commands+irregulars+pronoun
placement
Rules Venir no Vengas
1)Put into Yo Tener no Tengas
Poner no Pongas
form Salir no Salgas
2) Chande Hacer no Hagas
the vowel Decir no Digas
Ir no Vegas
3)Add “s” Ser no Seas

13. Sequencing events
Primero: Por la manana/
Por Fin:
First tarde/ noche:
Finally
In/ during the…
Entonces: Antes de/
Then Despues de:
Before/ After
Luego/Despues: Los Lunes, etc:
After On… (a day)

14. Preterite
• Preterite= past tense
-ar: -er/-ir:
-é -amos -í -imos
Ex: Ex: Ex: Ex:
hablé hablamos comí comimos
-aste -iste
Ex: Ex:
hablaste comiste
-aron -ió -ieron
-ó Ex: Ex: Ex:
Ex: habló hablaron comió comieron

15. Trigger words
Un dia One day
Una vez Once
Ayer Yesterday
A noche At night
Hace un año A year ago
Ya Already
El mes pasado Last month
Anteayer Day before
Por una hora yesterday
Por fin For one hour
A las ocho Finally
El cinco de At eight
febrero On February 5th

16. -car, -gar, -zar
They are irregular preterites
-car qué in the yo form. Ex: tocar toqué
-gar gué in the yo form. Ex: jugar jugué
-zar cé in the yo form. Ex: almorzar almorcé

17. Deber + Infinitive
• Deber= should(ought to)
• Conjugate deber. Do not conjugate the verb after
deber.
Yo:
Nosotros:
Debo
Debemos
Tú:
Debes
Ellos/Ellas
él/ella/ud.: / Ustedes:
Debe Deben

18. MODAL verbs
• In a modal combination, the second verb should not
be conjugated.
Deber Should, ought to
Desear To desire
Necesitar To need
Poder Can, could, might, be
able to
Querer
Want, would like to
Saber
Know, know how to
Soler
Usually, used to

19. Present Progressive
-ar -ando Present
Ex: pasar pasando Progressive= -ing
words
-er -iendo
Ex: barrer barriendo
Must include estar
before the present
progressive.
3 vowels yendo
Ex: leer leyendo

20. Adverbs
Used to describe how something is done.
When an adjective ends in –e, -l, or –z, add –mente to the end.
If the adjective ends in –o, change it to feminine and add –mente.
If 2 adverbs modify the same verb, only the 2nd adverb ends in –mente.
Examples
Lento lentamente
Feliz Felizmente
Especial Especialmente