Ginkgo biloba
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This document discusses the Ginkgo biloba tree. It begins with the systematic position and 27 synonym names for Ginkgo. It then describes the habit and habitat of Ginkgo, preferring polluted, temperate regions with annual precipitation of 1767 mm. The document outlines the structure of Ginkgo, including its stem, bark, leaves, and reproductive parts. It provides detailed descriptions of the male and female structures and the pollination and fertilization process, including the unique swimming sperm cells of Ginkgo. The document concludes with an image showing the ripened fleshy seed coat and development of Ginkgo seeds.
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Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba is a plant that contains various active ingredients that may provide benefits for brain health. It contains flavonoids, terpenes, and other constituents. Research shows Ginkgo biloba may improve cognitive functions by increasing blood flow to the brain, reducing free radicals, boosting glucose utilization in key brain areas, and modulating neurotransmitter systems. Clinical studies have shown Ginkgo biloba extract may be effective for conditions like Alzheimer's disease when administered in the proper dosage over a sufficient duration. Ginkgo biloba appears to be relatively safe, though some minor side effects like nausea are possible and safety in pregnancy is unclear due to lack of research.
GINKGO BILOBA
Es un bioflavonoide, vasodilatador que mejora las funciones cerebrales porque incrementa el flujo sanguíneo periférico y cerebral.
El bioflavonoide se llamaba antes Vitamina P o Vitamina C2. Ahora con las nuevas investigaciones no se considera vitamina. Es un producto del metabolismo de las plantas. Se consideran antioxidantes, disminuye el riesgo de cáncer, disminuye el colesterol, es antimicrobiano, anticanceroso, analgésico y antiinflamatorio, protege el hígado, estomago, el corazón, la circulación en general evitando la formación de trombos,
Ginkgo Biloba
El Ginkgo biloba es una especie de árbol que data de hace 250 millones de años, lo que lo convierte en el árbol vivo más antiguo. Aunque se extinguió en América y Europa, los monjes budistas lo cultivaron y protegieron en China. El Ginkgo contiene compuestos flavonoides y terpenoides que se han asociado con beneficios para la circulación sanguínea, la memoria y la antioxidación. Tradicionalmente se ha utilizado en China y Japón para una variedad de usos medicinales y ceremoniales.
Classification of fruits
There are seven main types of fruits: squashes, pome, berries, stone, tropical, dry, and citrus. Squashes include varieties of cucurbita like pumpkins and squash. Pome fruits are apples, pears and similar fruits. Berries include grapes, blueberries, and tomatoes. Stone fruits have a stony pit inside like peaches, plums, and cherries. Tropical fruits cannot withstand frost and include bananas, avocados, and mangoes. Dry fruits have a dry or hard exterior like dates and olives. Citrus fruits are oranges, lemons, and limes.
Biology M4 Flowers to fruits and seeds
1. The document describes the development of fruits from flowers, including the formation of simple fruits from single ovaries and compound fruits from multiple ovaries.
2. Simple fruits are either dry or fleshy, while compound fruits include aggregate fruits with seeds from one flower and multiple fruits with fused ovaries from separate flowers.
3. The structure of the fruit depends on the flower type, with different floral parts contributing to fruits like strawberries and apples. Fruits serve to protect and disperse seeds.
Bjy dissertation(1)
Brent Yoder isolated and characterized several new cytotoxic natural products from plants collected in Madagascar and Suriname as part of his dissertation research. From a Tambourissa species bark extract, he isolated a new hydroxybutanolide called tambouranolide, which has a unique long hydrocarbon chain. From Macaranga alnifolia fruit, he obtained four new prenylated stilbenes, one new geranylated dihydroflavanol, and five known compounds. Two of the new stilbenes showed high cytotoxicity. From Cerbera manghas bark and leaves, he isolated the known iridoid cerbinal and the known cardiac glycoside neriifolin, both of which exhibited
Fear of Cancer? Fear the "Hot Dog" Not the Billroth II
The document discusses risk factors for gastric cancer. It finds that while some studies show a small increased risk associated with a Billroth II surgery, the risk is much lower than that posed by meat and H. pylori infections. Processed meat intake is associated with increased gastric cancer rates, with risk rising over 5 times for every 100g consumed daily. H. pylori infections, specifically strains that are CagA-positive, increase the risk of gastric cancer by over 6.5 times. The key message is that people should be more fearful of contracting H. pylori infections and consuming processed meats than of having a Billroth II surgery.
Hepatitis2
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses or toxins. Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus, which is transmitted through bodily fluids and infected blood. It affects nearly a third of the world's population. Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect hepatitis B antigens and antibodies. Treatment may include antiviral medication or liver transplant for chronic cases.
Peptide_Bioanalysis (1)
This document provides an overview of peptide bioanalysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). It discusses sample handling considerations for peptides like solubility and stability. LCMS is recommended for its selectivity, sensitivity, and ability to measure multiple analytes simultaneously. Two common approaches for peptide quantification by LCMS are intact protein analysis and using surrogate peptides. The document also outlines sample preparation including protein digestion and cleanup. Key aspects of LCMS method development and validation are covered. A case study demonstrates the analysis of a peptide drug candidate using high resolution mass spectrometry.
Buyer secretsbook[1]
The document provides an overview of the home buying process and discusses important considerations for obtaining a home mortgage loan. It includes tips on working with a lender and real estate agent, evaluating different loan options, negotiating terms, and becoming educated on the process. Key recommendations are to get pre-approved for a loan, look at multiple loan programs, demand good service, and don't be afraid to negotiate flexible terms. Being informed is important to getting the best mortgage.
Cybernetic Biostasis E
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Topic Twelve Paul's Life and Letters
The document discusses the life and writings of Paul. It provides background on Paul, including that he was originally a Pharisee who persecuted Christians but had a conversion experience on the road to Damascus where he became a follower of Jesus. Paul then became a missionary who traveled throughout the Roman Empire establishing Christian churches and communities. He is known for writing many letters to these communities to provide guidance, which are some of the earliest Christian documents. The document examines what Paul says about himself in his letters and what is known about him from other sources like Acts in order to understand his background and theological perspectives.
Blackjackets
The document describes the logo and branding for a proposed soccer team called the BlackJackets located in Las Vegas, Nevada. The team name and logo are inspired by Las Vegas' history as a gambling city as well as the yellow jacket, a fierce insect. The master logo depicts a yellow jacket made up of playing card suits. Alternate logos showcase a striped spade mimicking a yellow jacket and poker chips ringing the logo. Short marketing slogans leverage blackjack and card game terminology to promote the BlackJackets.
Ciu 2013 humanidades (2)
Este documento presenta la propuesta de ingreso a la Universidad Nacional de Salta para el año 2013. La propuesta busca facilitar la integración de los nuevos estudiantes a la universidad y promover su permanencia a través de un curso de ingreso, tutorías y apoyo continuo. Se basa en un marco conceptual que considera al ingreso como un proceso que requiere acompañamiento, reconociendo las experiencias previas de los estudiantes y las dificultades estructurales del sistema educativo. El objetivo es desarrollar habilidades académicas
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Nonvascular plants lack true roots, stems, and leaves due to the absence of vascular tissue. They are called thallophytes and include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They must live in moist environments because they lack internal structures for transporting water and nutrients and generally only grow 1-2 cm tall. Vascular plants have specialized tissues for transport and include both spore-bearing plants like ferns and seed-bearing plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms produce naked seeds enclosed in cones while angiosperms produce seeds enclosed within flowers in an ovary.
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Gymnosperms- Coniferophyta (A BOTLEC-160 Presentation by Al-John Ahmad)
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The document provides information about gymnosperms, including their characteristics, evolution, and representative groups. Some key points:
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The document discusses the morphology, anatomy, and reproductive structures of gymnosperms. It focuses on Cycas, describing its external morphology such as its unbranched stem covered in persistent leaf bases and pinnately compound leaves. Internally, it notes Cycas has monoxylic wood and coralloid roots that form a symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria. It also details the structures and development of male and female reproductive organs in Cycas, which are dioecious and wind pollinated. Cycas reproduces sexually through seeds and vegetatively through bulbils.
CLASS 12||Chapter 1|| Reproduction in Organisms.
I have covered each topic of NCERT in explaining first chapter. In this chapter very basic information on reproduction is discussed.This is helpful for Board as well as NEET students.
Feel free for any query or suggestion.
Mail us on: biologypratham@gmail.com
Website : www.prathambiology.in
Diversity in living organisms.
The document provides an overview of the classification systems used to organize the diversity of life into coherent groups. It summarizes the kingdoms, divisions, and examples of major taxonomic groups in both the plant and animal kingdoms. In the plant kingdom, it outlines the divisions of cryptogamae, including algae, fungi and lichens, and phanerogamae, including gymnosperms and angiosperms. In the animal kingdom, it lists the major phyla from porifera to chordata, noting key distinguishing characteristics of groups like arthropoda, mollusca, and vertebrata.
Plant kingdom
This document provides information about different kingdoms of plants. It begins by listing the main kingdoms - Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, and Algae. It then focuses on describing Algae in more detail, including their characteristics, reproduction methods, economic importance, and classification into three main classes: Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae. Brief descriptions are also provided for Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms.
Non flowering plants life cycle
Non-flowering plants reproduce using spores rather than flowers and seeds. They are divided into three main groups: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Mosses belong to the division Bryophyta and have gametophyte and sporophyte phases in their life cycle. They reproduce asexually through fragmentation and gemmae, and sexually through the fertilization of eggs by sperm. Ferns belong to the division Pterophyta and have vascular tissues that allow them to grow larger than mosses. They also have alternation between gametophyte and sporophyte generations. Gymnosperms like conifers reproduce using naked seeds on cone scales rather than enclosed in fruits. They have a dominant
Plant and animal biology
This document provides an overview of plant and animal biology. It discusses the study of biology and key areas of botany and zoology. It also summarizes classifications of organisms from the three domain system to the tree of life. Major groups of plants like bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms are described. It highlights the adaptations and life cycles of plants, including their sexual reproduction via flowers.
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The document discusses the evolution and morphology of conifer cones. It describes the key structures and characteristics of male and female cones across different conifer families, including the seed scale complex. The seed scale complex is proposed to be the primary form in coniferales by Florin, with ovuliferous scales evolving from compound megasporangiate strobili. Main trends in seed cone and scale evolution include reduction of sterile scales, recurving of ovules, and incorporation of ovules with ovuliferous scales.
Plant kingdom
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Morphology, Structure and Reproduction of Equisetum.
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Evolutionary History of Plants can be summarized as follows:
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2. Gymnosperms were the first seed plants, developing seeds but not true flowers. Angiosperms later evolved, with flowers, fruits, and seeds enclosed within tissues for protection.
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The Bryophytes
Bryophytes include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are non-vascular plants that lack true roots, stems, or leaves. Bryophytes reproduce both sexually through an alternation of generations involving gametophytes and sporophytes, and asexually through fragmentation or structures like gemmae. The dominant generation is the gametophyte. Mosses commonly grow in dense colonies on soil, rocks, and trees, helping to form soil and prevent erosion. Liverworts have a thallus shape and reproduce using gemmae cups. Hornworts have thalloid bodies and hornlike sporophyte projections. Bryophytes play various ecological roles and some have human uses as well.
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This document provides an overview of plant structures and classifications. It begins by describing nonvascular plants like mosses, which lack true roots, stems or leaves and rely on diffusion. Next, it covers seedless vascular plants like ferns and seed vascular plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Key details include the structures and functions of roots, stems, leaves and their tissues. It also explains the differences between monocots and dicots as well as reproductive structures like seeds, spores and their dispersal methods.
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Ginkgo biloba
- 1. Ginkgo: The Living Fossil By: Geonyzl Alviola
- 2. Introduction
- 7. 27 synonym names of Ginkgo based on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
- 8. NCBI Synonym names of Ginkgo biloba
- 10. Habit and habitat • Ginkgo is a tree that grows up to 40 m height • Prefers places that were polluted, temperate regions. • Annual precipitation of 1767 mm
- 11. Plant bodyA. Stem -. Straight (40 m ) -. Girth (13 ft ot 4m wide) -. Bark is deeply fissured, grayish to grayish brown color -. Woody, branched -. Slow growing
- 12. (Dwarf Shoot) or short shoot • Male ginkgo trees produce pollen in clusters of pollen sacs that resemble catkins 3 - 6 cm (about 1 1/4" - 2 1/4") long.
- 15. Female Strobilus (Long Shoot) • Pairs of green ovules are borne on female trees on stalks 4 - 5 cm (1 1/2" - 2") long. Usually only one ovule develops into a seed.
- 17. PERIDERM CAMBIUM SECONDARY XYLEM PHLOEM CORTEX PRIMARY XYLEM CORK CAMBIUM PITH Ginkgo biloba: Transection of a long shoot early in its second year.
- 18. Leaf of Ginkgo • Female Shoot = the petiole is long and thin = Two ovules (one will be used) = the leaf is broaden = petiole is long and thin • Male Shoot = the petiole is short and thicker = has strobilus = leaf is enfolded at the base = shorter and thicker than female
- 20. POLLINATION & FERTILIZATION When it is ready for pollination a droplet is released from the inside of the ovule to catch the pollen. Repeatedly the drop retracts in the tiny opening and brings the pollen grains into the pollen chamber. Fertilization does not occur immediately after pollination. The actual fertilization mostly takes place in fall (depending on external temperature). Inside the archegonia egg cells are maturing.
- 21. POLLINATION & FERTILIZATION Usually only one of the two fertilized eggs germinates. During the months following pollination, the pollen forms two sperms in the pollen chamber, absorbing water and fertilizer from the female tissue - a nucellus. The pollen chamber and the space around the tentpole unite into a bigger archegonial chamber. This fluid could be regarded as "the sea" in the seed.
- 22. POLLINATION & FERTILIZATION Two sperms in the pollen tube. The pollen tube ruptures and the Ginkgo sperms swim upwards in "the sea" toward the eggs. The Ginkgo sperm has c. 1000 flagella (cilia) arranged in a spiral. The sperm of the Ginkgo has many similarities with that of the Cycad. The Cycad and Ginkgo have partially followed the same reproduction method the ancestors of green plants had in the water; they produce a similar watery environment in a seed.
- 23. POLLINATION & FERTILIZATION Ginkgo sperms swim forward with cilia at the front. Compared to mosses and ferns, Ginkgo sperm can swim safely in this "inner sea" and can reach the egg cells more successfully. The sperms swim shortly in the liquid. The egg cells attract nearby sperms to the entrance of the archegonium, then one of them fuses with the egg nucleus, the actual fertilization. Ginkgo biloba and the cycads are the only living seed plants with motile sperm cells.
- 24. FERTILIZATION
- 25. Figure: a)Appearance of G. biloba ripened fleshy seed coat; b) Fleshy outer layer of ripened seed of Ginkgo tree SEED DEVELOPMENT
- 29. Ginkgo biloba and its cultivars (Big Plant Nursery Guide to growing Ginkgo trees , 2008)
Editor's Notes
- small pith, abundant xylem and narrow cortex in stems of Ginkgo
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