The document describes the five major kingdoms of fungi: Zygomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Deuteromycota. It provides examples of fungi from each kingdom, including bread molds, water molds, yeasts, mushrooms, lichens, and more. Key characteristics of fungi are discussed such as having cell walls made of chitin, existing as filamentous hyphae that make up the mycelium, and reproducing both sexually and asexually. Mutualistic relationships between fungi and other organisms like mycorrhizae are also mentioned.
Asexual reproduction in Fungi -Dr C R MeeraMeera C R
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Asexual reproduction in Fungi -Dr C R MeeraMeera C R
This slideshow describes asexual reproduction methods in fungi in detail. Methods like Fission, Budding, Fragmentation, Spore formation (Asexual spores) are explained in detail. Asexual spores and their formation are well explained with examples.
This video is about sexual reproduction in fungi. Sexual reproduction methods like Gametic copulation, Gamete-Gametangial copulation, Gametangial copulation, Somatic copulation and Spermatization are detailed well. Different sexual spores like ascospores, basidiospores, zygospores and oospores, their formation and properties are explained.
The overall general characteristics of fungi is given under each headings. The reproduction process is given brief along with diagrams. The contents are taken from the references given.
Classification of zycomycota and chytridiomycota and their general characters will give us an idea about fungi that comes under and idea and variations about different categories of fungi
This video is about sexual reproduction in fungi. Sexual reproduction methods like Gametic copulation, Gamete-Gametangial copulation, Gametangial copulation, Somatic copulation and Spermatization are detailed well. Different sexual spores like ascospores, basidiospores, zygospores and oospores, their formation and properties are explained.
The overall general characteristics of fungi is given under each headings. The reproduction process is given brief along with diagrams. The contents are taken from the references given.
Classification of zycomycota and chytridiomycota and their general characters will give us an idea about fungi that comes under and idea and variations about different categories of fungi
Created by Karen Joy Estillore from University of Southeastern Philippines taking Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education Major in Biological Science.
Fungi is most abundantly found organism in earth, almost all parts of earth we found earth, here we represent some characteristic with their uses and disadvantages .
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, moulds and mushrooms. These organisms are classified under kingdom fungi.
The kingdom Fungi includes a vast variety of organisms such as mushrooms, yeast, and mold, made up of feathery filaments called hyphae (collectively called mycelium). Fungi are multicellular and eukaryotic. They are also heterotrophs, and gain nutrition through absorption.
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi.
The word 'myco' is derived from the Greek word mýkēs meaning “mushroom, fungus”.
Heinrich Anton de Bary is the father of Mycology.
Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that include such as yeasts, moulds and mushrooms. These organisms are classified under kingdom fungi.
Fungi are diverse and widespread.
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Fungi
1. Kingdom Fungi
• The following PPT was slightly modified from the original
work found on the following site:
• www.worldofteaching.com/powerpoints/biology/fungi.ppt
2.
3. Kingdom Fungi – There are 5 Major Phyla (pg 365)
1. Phylum Zygomycota = the Bread Molds
Rhizopus – black bread mold
1. Oomycota = the Water Molds
Water mold, potato blight, mildew
1. Phylum Ascomycota = the Sac Fungi
Yeast, morels, truffles
1. Phylum Basidiomycota = the Club Fungi
Mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, rusts, smuts,
toadstools
1. Phylum Deuteromycota = the Fungi Imperfecti
4. FFuunnggaall CChhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss
1)Cell wall made of Chitin
2)Heterotrophs and major Decomposers
3)Body is made of Long filaments of hyphae
which form a mycelium
4)Reproduce sexually and asexually
Asexually by spores
Sexually by mating of hyphae filaments
5. Zygomycota (Rhizopus) the Common Molds
-are primarily decomposers
-asexual spores may be produced in sporangia
-sexual reproduction occurs between + and – strains
forming a 2n zygote; a zygospore develops and may
lie dormant for a long period of time; meiosis occurs
just before germination
-only the zygote is diploid; all hyphae and
asexual spores are haploid
7. Zygomycota – common molds
The fungal mass of
hyphae, known as the
MYCELIUM
penetrates the bread
and produces the
fruiting bodies on top
of the stalks
Mycelia = a mass of hyphae or
filaments
8. Rhizoids = root-like hyphae
The rhizoids meet underground and mating occurs between
hyphae of different molds (SEXUAL REPRODUCTION)
11. Water Molds -- Oomycota
The water molds are better known as the
MILDEWS. Fish tank fuzz is an example.
Protist-like mold because share common
characteristics with plant-like protists, such
as the cell wall
12. Things to Know about Oomycete
Fungi
1. Water molds or mildews
2. Cause diseases such as potato blight
3. Cell walls made of cellulose (like plant)
4. Hyphae have multiple nuclei! Because
the cell walls do not fully close off.
5. Spore swims away like a flagellate, which
is why it is protist like (think of Euglena)
16. Truffles are round, warty, fungi
that are irregular in shape. They
vary from the size of a walnut to
that of a man's fist. Since the times
of the Greeks and Romans these
fungi have been used in Europe as
delicacies, as aphrodisiacs, and as
medicines. They are among the
most expensive of the world's
natural foods, often commanding as
much as $250 to $450 per pound.
Truffles are harvested in Europe with the aid of female pigs or truffle
dogs, which are able to detect the strong smell of mature truffles
underneath the surface of the ground. The female pig becomes excited
when she sniffs a chemical that is similar to the male swine sex
attractant. The use of dogs to find truffles is also and option.
22. Bracket Fungi
Puff Balls
Basidiomycete Fungi that all
Mushrooms
Jelly Fungi
produce Basiospores
23. Other Basidiomycetes Rusts and
Smuts
Rust
infecting
wheat leaves Rust infecting
a Leaf
Whitrot Smut
digesting old wood
24. Deuteromycota (Imperfect Fungi)
-Regarded as imperfect because they exhibit no sexual stage has
been observed in their life cycle
-Members are not closely related and are not necessarily similar
in structure or appearance; do not share a common ancestry,
polyphyletic = coming from many ancestors – hmm weird
25. Deuteromycota – the Fungi
Imperfecti
• Resemble Ascomycetes,
but their reproductive
cycle has never been
observed
• Different from
Ascomycetes because
there is a definite lack of
sexual reproduction,
which is why they are
called Imperfect Fungi
Penicillium fungi
Up Close
26. LLiicchheennss
Lichens are mutualistic symbiotic
organisms. They have a fungal
portion and an algal portion. There
are three lichen growth forms which
are predominant in nature:
28. Soredia are the asexual reproductive part of lichens,
containing both symbionts. Rhizines may be present to
anchor the lichen. Notice the distinctive algal layer
and the fungal layer present in the above illustration.
29. Mycorrhizae
Mycorrhizae means “fungus-root”;
mutualistic relationship between
plant and fungi
The plant photosynthesizes while
the fungus more efficiently takes
up nutrients and water from the
rhizosphere than the roots would
alone.
Plant benefits include:
•Improved nutrient/water
uptake
•Improved root growth
•Improved plant growth and
yield
•Improved disease resistance
•Reduced transplant shock
•Reduced drought stress