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Flowers 100131104452-phpapp01
This document provides an overview of flower anatomy and morphology. It defines flowers as modified reproductive shoots and lists their main parts including the pedicel, bract, receptacle, perianth, calyx, corolla, hypanthium, nectary, androecium, gynoecium, and androgynophore. It describes flower attachment, cycles, sex, and variations in plant sex including monoecious, dioecious, polygamous, andromonoecious and gynomonoecious plants. It also covers flower symmetry.
Flowers 100131104452-phpapp01
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- 2. Intro on flowers Adiagnostic feature of the angiosperm. Modified reproductive shoot The shoot is determinate
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- 4. Pedicel – theflower stalk (if absent the flower attachment is sessile) Bract – reduced leaf Epicalyx - series of bracts calyx epicalyx
- 6. Receptacle – regionof the flower which the floral parts are attached Perianth (perigonium) receptacle
- 7. Tepals – ifperianth is undifferentiated/ the individual leaf parts - The term tepal is usually used when all segments of the perianth are of similar shape and color,
- 8. Perianth is differentiatedinto two groups A. Calyx – the outermost series of the whorl and consist of individual units of modified leaves called SEPALS B. Corolla – the inner most series that consist a modified leaves called PETALS
- 10. Hypanthium – Floraltube - a cup like or tubular structure - around or top of the ovary - bearing along the margin the sepals, petals and stamen
- 12. Nectary – aspecialized structure that secretes nectar - found on parianth parts , - or within the receptacle - or within the androecium or gynoecium
- 15. Androecium refers toall of the male organs - collectively called STAMENS consist of the following parts: a. filament (stalk-like) b. anther (pollen bearing)
- 17. Gynoecium refers toall female organs of a flower. - collective called CARPEL(pistil) consist of the following parts: a. ovary b. style c. stigma
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- 19. Gynostegium - the maleand female organs are fused as one structure
- 20. Androgynophore - A stalkthat bears the androecium and gynoecium
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- 25. Flower Cycly - Refers tothe number of cycles (series of whorls) or floral parts. Two basic terms : 1. Complete – having all four major series (sepals, petals, stamens & carpels) 2. Incomplete – for a flowering lacking one or more of the four major whorls or parts.
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- 28. Flower Sex andPlant Sex
- 29. Floral Sex orFlower sex 1. 2. Refers to the absence or presence of male and female parts with the flower. two kinds : Perfect / bisexual – both stamen and carpel are present in one flower Imperfect/ unisexual – only one is present
- 30. Imperfect Have two kinds: 1. Pistillate (female) – carpel present but stamen absent
- 31. Imperfect Flower 2. Staminate– have only the stamen
- 32. Plant Sex Refers tothe presence and distribution of perfect and imperfect flower on individual of a species. A. Hermaphroditic – only a perfect flower B. Monoecious – a plant with only unisexual flowers both male and female on the same individual plant C. Dieocious – have unisexual flower with staminate and pistillate on separate individuals
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- 35. Other variations Polygamous plant– having both bisexual and unisexual flowers Andromonoecious plant - having both staminate and perfect flowers on the same individual Gynomonoecious plant – both pistillate and perfect flowers on the same individual
- 36. Trimonoecious – refersto a plant with pistillate, staminate and perfect flowers on the same individual Gynodiecious – refers to a plant with female flowers on some individuals and perfect flowers on the other
- 37. Androdioecious – refersto a plant with male flowers on some and perfect flowers on othe individuals Trioecious – refers to a plant with pistillate, staminate and perfect flowers on different individuals
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