Biology STPM chapter 13 - malaria

1. MALARIA
Causes & Symptoms
Transmission
Roles of social, economic and biological factors in
prevention of Malaria

2. CAUSES & SYMPTOMS
 Caused by Plasmodium (Protozoa/ protest)
 Carried by female Anopheles mosquito
 5 species of Pasmodium, P.falciparum, P.
malariae, P.ovale, P.vivax
 Signs & symptoms begin 8-25 days following
infection
 Classic symptom: Periodic chill & fever
followed by profuse sweating occurring
intervals of 24 or 48 hours

4. TRANSMISSION
 Female Anopheles mosquito bites malaria
infected human & picks up the Plasmodium
gamete cells (gametocytes)

7. ROLES OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC & BIOLOGICAL
FACTORS IN PREVENTION OF MALARIA
 Improved water storage
 Appropriate insecticides like larvicide into
man-made ponds
 Cleaning & checking drains to make sure
there are not blocked
 Avoid wear dark & tight clothing
 Apply mosquito repellents when outdoor

8. Economic factors
 Educate the public about malaria preventions
 Provide the larvacides to kill Anopheles
larvae
 Eradicate mosquito breeding habitats
 Frogging to kill adult mosquitoes
 Provide a good vaccination programmes for
the public

9. Biological factors
 Use Guppy fish
 Use Bacillius sphaericus & Bacillius
thuringiensis
 Nematod (Romanomermis culicivorax),
Protozoa (Ambylospora), Fungus
(Coelomomyces) and Cyclopoid copepods
(Crustacean)