This presentation includes definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology (life cycle), diagnosis, clinical features of uncomplicated & severe malaria and treatment of malaria.
This presentation includes definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology (life cycle), diagnosis, clinical features of uncomplicated & severe malaria and treatment of malaria.
Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a potentially fatal multisystemic illness caused primarily by Salmonella enterica, subspecies enterica serovar typhi and, to a lesser extent, related serovars paratyphi A, B, and C.
The protean manifestations of typhoid fever make this disease a true diagnostic challenge. The classic presentation includes fever, malaise, diffuse abdominal pain, and constipation. Untreated, typhoid fever is a grueling illness that may progress to delirium, obtundation, intestinal hemorrhage, bowel perforation, and death within 1 month of onset. Survivors may be left with long-term or permanent neuropsychiatric complications.
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY OF TREPONEMES, Pathogenesis, Classification of Syphilis, PRIMARY SYPHILIS, SECONDARY SYPHILIS, TERTIARY SYPHILIS, Late benign syphilis, Cardiovascular syphilis, Neurosyphilis, Lab diagnosis of syphilis
Brief and easily understandable description on measles along with images for undergraduate students. this presentation would help in picturising what measles is.
Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, is a potentially fatal multisystemic illness caused primarily by Salmonella enterica, subspecies enterica serovar typhi and, to a lesser extent, related serovars paratyphi A, B, and C.
The protean manifestations of typhoid fever make this disease a true diagnostic challenge. The classic presentation includes fever, malaise, diffuse abdominal pain, and constipation. Untreated, typhoid fever is a grueling illness that may progress to delirium, obtundation, intestinal hemorrhage, bowel perforation, and death within 1 month of onset. Survivors may be left with long-term or permanent neuropsychiatric complications.
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY OF TREPONEMES, Pathogenesis, Classification of Syphilis, PRIMARY SYPHILIS, SECONDARY SYPHILIS, TERTIARY SYPHILIS, Late benign syphilis, Cardiovascular syphilis, Neurosyphilis, Lab diagnosis of syphilis
Brief and easily understandable description on measles along with images for undergraduate students. this presentation would help in picturising what measles is.
This ppt contains all the information about the epidemiology of Malaria. It is useful for students of the medical field learning Preventive and social medicine, Swasthavritta (Ayurved), and everyone who is interested in knowing about it
# Measurement of head circumference:
Clinical importance.
Causes of abnormal measurement.
How to measure.
Different types of charts for this measurement.
How to plot on paper charts.
This presentation describes the total and partial intestinal atresia, its clinical features and diagnosis. in addition, this presentation include the definition of esophageal atresia, its classification, diagnosis and treatment.
This presentation involves the causes of acute abdominal pain in the adult as well as in the child and it explains the pathophysiology of the abdominal pain.
This presentation describes the normal cardiac cycle referred to pressure-time curves for aorta, the left ventricle and left atrium, the electrocardiogram and the phonocardiogram.
A presentation about Tuberculosis . This presentation composed of the definition, causes, pathophysiology, clinical feature, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of Tuberculosis.
A presentation about pneumonia. This presentation composed of the definition, causes, pathophysiology, clinical feature, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of pneumonia.
A presentation about traumatic brain injury. This presentation composed of the definition, types, pathophysiology, clinical feature, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the traumatic brain injury.
A presentation about spasmodic dysphonia. this presentation composed of the definition, types, causes, pathophysiology, clinical feature, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of spasmodic dysphonia.
A presentation about bipolar disorder. This presentation composed of the definition, types, causes, clinical feature, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and prognosis of bipolar disorder.
A presentation about depressive disorder. The presentation composed of the definition, causes, types, clinical feature, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and prevention of depression
A presentation about panic attacks and panic disorder. this presentation composed of the definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and prognosis of panic disorder.
A case about respiratory acidosis. this case discussed the metabolism of alcohol, the complication of alcohol and the mechanism of respiratory acidosis
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
2. Our case
• A 17-year-old women admitted to hospital after returning
from vacation in Malawi.
• She didn’t take preventing measures regarding malaria.
• 3 days after returning she had cold shiver, headache, dry
cough, lost weight and her stools became loose.
• Upon admission, she was ill, pale and slightly confused.
• Her lab test showed she had P. falciparum infection.
• She was treated with artemether and lumefantrine.
3. Learning objectives:
• Definition of malaria and types of malaria parasites.
• Epidemiology of malaria.
• Risk factor of malaria.
• Life cycle of malaria.
• Incubation period of the parasite.
• Pathophysiology of malaria.
• Signs and symptoms of malaria.
• Laboratory diagnosis of malaria.
• Treatment and prevention of malaria.
• Complication of malaria.
4. Definition of Malaria and type of
malaria parasite
Is an infection of liver and RBCs caused by
protozoan parasites of the genus plasmodium.
Malaria is caused by 5 species of plasmodium:
• P. falciparum (the most common and dangerous).
• P. vivax.
• P. ovale.
• P. malaria.
• P. knowlesi.
5. Epidemiology of malaria
• Malaria is widely distributed in tropics and subtropics of
Africa, Asia and Latin America.
• Malaria affecting 400 million people word-wide.
• Malaria causing 2 million death each year.
species Distribution
P.
falciparum
West, East and central
Africa, Middle East, Far
East, South America.
P. vivax India, North and East
Africa, Far East, South
America
P. ovale Tropical Africa, India, Far
East
P. malaria Tropical Africa.
6. What do you think about the
risk factor of malaria?
7. Risk factors of malaria
Living or traveling in a region where malaria is present.
Traveling to area where malaria is common:
- Without taking medicine to prevent malaria.
- Being outdoors, especially in rural areas.
- Not taking steps to protect yourself from mosquito bites.
Pregnant women.
Children under 5 years of age.
Patients with HIV/AIDS.
8. Life cycle of malaria
Microbiology 3th book by Richard A. Harvey.
10. Incubation period of the parasite
species Incubation period (Liver cycle)
P. falciparum 7-14 days
P. vivax 12-17 days ( with relapse up to 3 years)
P. ovale 9-18 days ( with relapse up to 20 years)
P. malaria 13-40 days.
11. Con…
• The time between the fever episodes can be
characteristics of the infecting plasmodium species.
species Duration of fever (erythrocytic cycle)
P. falciparum 36-48 h, Malignant tertian malaria.
P. vivax 48h, Benign tertian malaria.
P. ovale 48h, Ovale tertian malaria.
P. malaria 72h, Quartan malaria.
12. Pathophysiology of malaria
• Showers of new merozoites are released from the RBCs
at intervals of approximately 48h for P.vivax, P.ovale and
P.falciparum and 72h for P.malaria. The episodic shaking,
chills, and fever coincide with this release.
• The parasites destroy large numbers of infected RBC,
thereby causing a hemolytic anemia.
13. Pathophysiology of malaria
• A characteristic brown malaria pigment derived from
hemoglobin, called hematin is released from ruptured
RBCs and produces discoloration of the spleen, liver,
lymph nodes and bone marrow.
• Activation of defense mechanisms in the host leads to a
marked hyperplasia of mononuclear phagocytes,
producing massive splenomegaly and occasional
hepatomegaly.
14. What do you think about the signs
and the symptoms of malaria?
15. Signs and symptoms of malaria
• Cycles of shaking chills followed by fever and profuse sweating.
• Hemolytic anemia.
• Jaundice.
• Dark pigmented urine (blackwater fever)
• Stools became increasingly loose.
• Hepatomegaly.
• Splenomegaly.
• Headache.
• Dry cough.
• Lost weight.
16. Diagnosis of malaria
• 1) Medical history.
• 2) Physical examination.
• 3) Laboratory diagnosis:
Microscopy Immunological techniques Molecular
techniques
1- Films of blood (Thick
and thin blood smear
study).
2- Quantitative Buffy
Coat (QBC) test.
1- Antibody-based
techniques(serologic tests):
• Indirect fluorescent antibody
test (IFAT)
• Enzyme- linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA)
2- Antigen-based techniques
• Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs)
Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR)
17. P. Falciparum P. Vivax P. Malaria P. Ovate
Quinine, Mefloquin,
Sulfadoxine and
Pyrimethamine.
Chloroquine
With
primaquine.
Treatment of malaria
To treat Malaria we most understand 2 concept:
• The geographic pattern of susceptibility of P. Falciparum
to antimalarial drugs.
• The type of plasmodium species causing the infection.
Chloroquine-
sensetive
areas
Chloroquine
-resistant
areas
Chloroquine.
18. Prevention of malaria
1- Prevent mosquito bite by:
Covering the limbs.
Using insects repellents.
Sleeping under mosquito nets.
Stagnant water should be avoided.
2- Chemical prophylaxis for travelers:
When you traveling to area:
Without chloroquine resistance: chloroquine is used.
With chloroquine resistance: melfloquine or doxycycline
may be used.
19. Complication of malaria
species Major complication
P. falciparum Cerebral malaria, haemolytic anaemia
(blackwater fever), jaundice,
hypoglycaemia
P. vivax Relapse due to liver hypnozoites.
P. malaria Nephrotic syndrome
P. Ovate Relapse due to liver hypnozoites
21. Summary
• Malaria is an infection of liver and RBCs.
• Caused by 5 different species of plasmodium.
• Malaria is one of the most serious problems.
• Symptoms: Fever( which may be periodic), chills, sweeting,
hemolytic anemia and splenomegaly.
• Diagnosis is by seeing plasmodium in a peripheral blood
smear.
• Treatment and prophylaxis depend on the species and
drug sensitivity.
24. Reference
• The Merck Manual of Diagnosis & Therapy, page 1540.
• Medical Microbiology book Murray 7th, page 765.
• Clinical Microbiology made ridiculously simple book 3th
( p.240-244).
• Medical Microbiology made memorable (p.80).
• Microbiology Lippincott's Third Edition (P.221-222)
Editor's Notes
Malaria Is febrile dieases that mean having or showing the symptom of a fever.
In spite of intensive control measures, malaria remains widely distributed in tropics and subtropics of Africa, Asia and Latin America.
#Pregnant women are more likely than nonpregnant women to get severe malaria, because the immune system is suppressed duringpregnancy.
#People who have lowered immunity. Patients with HIV/AIDS.
In P. ovate and P. vivax infection, some sporzites remain dormant as Hypnozoites in the parechymal cells, only starting the process of schizogony.
Malaria is an acute febrile illness with an incubation period of 7 days or longer. Thus, a febrile illness developing less than 1 week after the first possible exposure is not malaria.
The incubatin period of P.falciparum is the shortest of all the plasmodia, ranging from 7 to 10 days
the incubatin period of P.malariae is the longest of the plasmodia, usually 18 to 40 days
The liver and spleen enlarge as fixed the fixed phagocytic cells which pick up large amount of debris from the destroyed RBCs
# Dark pigmented urine (blackwater fever) from erythrocyte destruction.
#Aneamia and jaundice due to erythrocyte destruction.
#Cycles of shaking chills followed by fever and profuse sweating.
1) Medical history:
in order to make a malaria diagnosis, the doctor may ask a number of questions concerning: 1 Current symptoms 2 Medical conditions 3 Family medical history 4. Current medications 5. Recent travel history.
# Amalaria diagnosis can be difficult to make, especially in areas where malaria is not very common. A number of other conditions share similar symptoms with malaria. Some of these conditions the healthcare provider will consider before diagnosing malaria include: The flu(influenza) Common cold Meningitis Typhoid fever Dengue fever Acute schistosomiasis(disease caused by worms Bacteremia/septicemia(infection in blood) Hepatitis Viral gastroenteritis(stomach flu) Yellow fever(disease typically transmitted by mosquitoe).
2) Physical examination: will based on the symptos of the malaria. The doctor may chick the eye. Palpate the lever and spleen.
3) Laboraty diagnosis:
# with other types we used primaquine to kill the parasite in the liver and to prevent relapse.
# we used chloroqine to kill the malaria.
Cerebral malaria; the high level of parasitaemia lead to the schizont-containing erythrocytes blocking brain capillires. The resulting hypoxia causes confusion, coma and death.
Cerebral malaria. If parasite-filled blood cells block small blood vessels to your brain (cerebral malaria), swelling of your brain or brain damage may occur. Cerebral malaria may cause coma.
Breathing problems. Accumulated fluid in your lungs (pulmonary edema) can make it difficult to breathe.
Organ failure. Malaria can cause your kidneys or liver to fail, or your spleen to rupture. Any of these conditions can be life-threatening.
Severe anemia. Malaria damages red blood cells, which can result in severe anemia.
Low blood sugar. Severe forms of malaria itself can cause low blood sugar, as can quinine — one of the most common medications used to combat malaria. Very low blood sugar can result in coma or death.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs)
