Brucellosis In Community Health Nursing

1. BY SUJATA MOHAPATRA.

2. OVERVIEW
Introduction
History
Distribution
Epidemiology
Transmission
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Prevention and Control
Actions to Take

3. INTRODUCTION
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection.
(ANTROPOZOONOSES)
Other Name
Undulant fever
Malta fever
Gibraltar fever
Mediterranean fever.

4. DISTRIBUTION
Brucellosis occurs worldwide;
major endemic areas include
Countries of the
Mediterranean basin,
 Arabian Gulf,
The Indian subcontinent,
Parts of Mexico,
Central and South America.

5. HISTORY
450 BC: Described by Hippocrates
1905: Introduced to the U.S.
1920: Alice Evans, American
bacteriologist credited with
linking the organisms.
Brucellosis Nomenclature today
credited to Sir David Bruce.

6. EPIDEMIOLOGY
BRUCELLA
HUMAN CROWDED &UNHYGENIC
ENVIRONMENT
BRUCELLOSI
S

7. AGENT
BRUCELLA are
Rod shaped,Gram negative coccobacilli,
Facultative, intracellular organism,
Nonmotile, Nonsporing,
Brucella Species:
Abortus(Cattle),
Melitensis (Sheep,Goat)
Suis(Swine),
Canis(Dog).
Blood or Choclate agar.

8. RESOIRVOIR OF INFECTION

9. HOST FACTOR
 Predominantly in Adult Males.
 Occupational Disease
o Farmers, Shepherds,
o Abattoir Workers,
o Veterinarians, Lab Workers,
Hunters
Travelers
Consumers
Unpasteurized dairy products

10. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
 Overcrowding of herds
 High rainfall
 Lack of exposure to sunlight
 Unhygienic practices in Milk & Meat
production
 Brucella can survive for weeks, or months in
favourable conditions of water, urine, faeces,
damp soil & manure.

11. MODE OF TRANSMISSON
1. CONCTACT INFECTION
Direct inoculation into skin by
contact with infected
Tissues,
Blood,
Urine,
Vaginal discharge & placentas.
Direct conjunctival inoculation.

12. 2. FOOD-BORNE INFECTION
Ingestion of contaminated raw
milk,
Cheese (unpasteurized milk),
Raw meat,
Raw vegetable .
3. AIR-BORNE INFECTION
Inhalation of infectious aerosols
INCUBATION PERIOD
Usually 1-3 weeks

13. PATHOGENESIS

15. DIAGNOSIS
Isolation of organism
Blood, bone marrow, other tissues
Serum agglutination test
ELISA Rose Bengal agglutination
Immunofluorescence
Organism in clinical specimens
Culture: PCR

16. PREVENTION & CONTROL
IN ANIMALS
 Environmental
hygiene
 Test & slaughter
 Vaccination: B.
abortus strain 19
IN HUMANS
 Protective measure
 Personal hygiene
 Pasteurization of milk
 Vaccination: B. abortus
strain 19-BA.
 Early diagnosis & treatment

17. TREATMENT MODALITY
ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
There are two major regimens:
Regimen A: Doxycycline (100 mg) orally b.d. for 6 weeks +
Streptomycin (1 gram) intramuscularly o.d. for the first 14
to 21 days
Regimen B: Doxycycline (100 mg) orally b.d. +
Rifampin (15 mg/kg) orally o.d. for six weeks.

18. GROUP DISCUSSION

19. THANK YOU