This document provides an overview of brucellosis, a zoonotic bacterial infection. It discusses the history, distribution, transmission, symptoms and treatment of the disease. Brucellosis is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella that are typically transmitted from animals to humans. It occurs worldwide but is especially common in areas where people have close contact with infected animal reservoirs like cattle, goats and pigs. Common symptoms include undulant fever and flu-like symptoms. Treatment involves a combination of doxycycline and streptomycin or rifampin antibiotics over several weeks.

1. BY SUJATA MOHAPATRA.

2. OVERVIEW
Introduction
History
Distribution
Epidemiology
Transmission
Pathogenesis
Diagnosis
Prevention and Control
Actions to Take

3. INTRODUCTION
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection.
(ANTROPOZOONOSES)
Other Name
Undulant fever
Malta fever
Gibraltar fever
Mediterranean fever.

4. DISTRIBUTION
Brucellosis occurs worldwide;
major endemic areas include
Countries of the
Mediterranean basin,
 Arabian Gulf,
The Indian subcontinent,
Parts of Mexico,
Central and South America.

5. HISTORY
450 BC: Described by Hippocrates
1905: Introduced to the U.S.
1920: Alice Evans, American
bacteriologist credited with
linking the organisms.
Brucellosis Nomenclature today
credited to Sir David Bruce.

6. EPIDEMIOLOGY
BRUCELLA
HUMAN CROWDED &UNHYGENIC
ENVIRONMENT
BRUCELLOSI
S

7. AGENT
BRUCELLA are
Rod shaped,Gram negative coccobacilli,
Facultative, intracellular organism,
Nonmotile, Nonsporing,
Brucella Species:
Abortus(Cattle),
Melitensis (Sheep,Goat)
Suis(Swine),
Canis(Dog).
Blood or Choclate agar.

8. RESOIRVOIR OF INFECTION

9. HOST FACTOR
 Predominantly in Adult Males.
 Occupational Disease
o Farmers, Shepherds,
o Abattoir Workers,
o Veterinarians, Lab Workers,
Hunters
Travelers
Consumers
Unpasteurized dairy products

10. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
 Overcrowding of herds
 High rainfall
 Lack of exposure to sunlight
 Unhygienic practices in Milk & Meat
production
 Brucella can survive for weeks, or months in
favourable conditions of water, urine, faeces,
damp soil & manure.

11. MODE OF TRANSMISSON
1. CONCTACT INFECTION
Direct inoculation into skin by
contact with infected
Tissues,
Blood,
Urine,
Vaginal discharge & placentas.
Direct conjunctival inoculation.

12. 2. FOOD-BORNE INFECTION
Ingestion of contaminated raw
milk,
Cheese (unpasteurized milk),
Raw meat,
Raw vegetable .
3. AIR-BORNE INFECTION
Inhalation of infectious aerosols
INCUBATION PERIOD
Usually 1-3 weeks

13. PATHOGENESIS

15. DIAGNOSIS
Isolation of organism
Blood, bone marrow, other tissues
Serum agglutination test
ELISA Rose Bengal agglutination
Immunofluorescence
Organism in clinical specimens
Culture: PCR

16. PREVENTION & CONTROL
IN ANIMALS
 Environmental
hygiene
 Test & slaughter
 Vaccination: B.
abortus strain 19
IN HUMANS
 Protective measure
 Personal hygiene
 Pasteurization of milk
 Vaccination: B. abortus
strain 19-BA.
 Early diagnosis & treatment

17. TREATMENT MODALITY
ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
There are two major regimens:
Regimen A: Doxycycline (100 mg) orally b.d. for 6 weeks +
Streptomycin (1 gram) intramuscularly o.d. for the first 14
to 21 days
Regimen B: Doxycycline (100 mg) orally b.d. +
Rifampin (15 mg/kg) orally o.d. for six weeks.

18. GROUP DISCUSSION

19. THANK YOU