Energy is the ability to do work or cause change and exists in various forms including thermal, chemical, electrical, radiant, and nuclear. It can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed based on the law of conservation of energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement and depends on an object's mass and velocity, while potential energy is stored energy due to position or state and depends on mass, force, and height or configuration. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro can be replenished, while nonrenewable fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas are limited and will run out over time.

1. Energy - The Fuel of Life

2. What is Energy? Energy is the ability to do work or cause change measured in units of Joules (J) Examples: sun melts ice cream car engine burns gas electricity powers a blender batteries run a flashlight food enables us to run a carpenter swings a hammer trains pull boxcars a tornado rips off a roof wood stoves warm houses

3. Forms of Energy Thermal Energy (heat) faster moving atoms collide more often and cause higher temperatures i.e. water boils on the stove Chemical Energy (stored in atomic bonds) heat/light/sound is released during chemical reactions i.e. your body gains energy after eating Electrical Energy (movement of electrons) the flow of electrons is converted into heat, light, sound or movement i.e. hair dryer, radio, light bulb, MAX train

4. Forms of Energy Radiant Energy (waves) electromagnetic waves carry energy that our bodies interpret as heat, light or sound i.e. sunlight, radio transmissions, microwave ovens, x-ray machines Nuclear Energy (stored in atomic nuclei) nuclear fission & fusion occurs when protons & neutrons are split apart or forced together, releasing huge amounts of energy i.e. nuclear reactors, the sun & stars, radioactive elements, geothermal heat

5. Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed (1 st Law of Thermodynamics) it can only be converted from one form to another the total energy in a system must remain constant

6. Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy = the energy of movement Depends on 2 things: an object's mass (m) an object's velocity (v) KE = ½ m v 2 KE = 400 J 200 kg car travels 2 m/s KE = 40,000 J 200 kg car travels 20 m/s

7. KE = 40,000 J 200 kg car travels 20 m/s KE = 80,000 J 400 kg car travels 20 m/s Kinetic Energy = ½ m v 2

8. Potential Energy Potential Energy = stored energy due to movement against a force Depends on 3 things mass of the object (m) magnitude of the force (i.e. acceleration due to gravity (g), which is 9.80665 m/s 2 on Earth) the object's height (h) GPE = mgh

9. GPE = 100kg x 10m/s 2 x 50m GPE = 10kg x 10m/s 2 x 50m GPE = 100kg x 10m/s 2 x 50m GPE = 100kg x 10m/s 2 x 1m Gravitational Potential Energy = mgh height = 50 m height = 1 m Big rock = 100 kg Little rock = 10 kg 50,000 J 5,000 J 50,000 J 1,000 J

11. Energy Conversions Energy is converted from KE to PE back to KE in this bicycle example

12. Energy Resources Renewable Won't run out - can be replaced/replenished Solar & Geothermal Wind & Hydroelectric Biomass Wave Non-Renewable Limited supply - once it's used up, it's gone for good Fossil Fuels Petroleum Natural Gas Coal Nuclear

13. Renewable Energy Biomass Solar Geothermal Wind Hydroelectric Wave

14. Nonrenewable Energy Coal Plant Petroleum Wells Natural Gas Pipeline Nuclear Reactors Fossil Fuels are formed by decomposition, heat & pressure acting on buried dead organisms over long periods of time Petroleum (crude oil) Natural Gas, propane, kerosene Coal, asphalt, tar Paraffin wax, methane gas Motor oil, grease, petroleum jelly

15. World Energy Consumption

16. Per Capita Oil Consumption