The document summarizes several key human body systems and the five senses. It includes review questions about the nervous system and its major divisions of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Experiments are described to test sight, smell, taste, touch and reflexes. Step-by-step instructions for a bovine eye dissection are provided to examine the anatomy of vision.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Bonus: Outline the major divisions of the nervous system.
In your lab notebook, please answer as best you can:
Week 25
Review Quiz
1. What two major structures make up the CNS?
• Brain and spinal cord
1. Are sensory neurons that carry info to the brain afferent or efferent nerves?
• Afferent (afferent arrive, efferent exit)
1. True or False? The Autonomic Nervous System, regulated by the frontal lobe
of the brain, operates in the background to control vital functions like
breathing.
• False (the brainstem, NOT the frontal lobe of the cerebrum, controls the ANS)
1. Do neurons use chemical or electrical mechanisms to transmit signals to and
from the brain?
• Both (neurotransmitters across the synapse to relay signals and electrical current
along the length of the axon within each nerve)
1. What does the cerebellum do?
• Coordinates muscle movements (posture, balance, & muscle memory)
14. The Sense of Touch
• Touch
– Texture: (sticky,
rough, soft)
– Sensitive touch
(hair movement)
– Pressure
• Pain
• Heat
• Cold
• Proprioception
– position relative to body
15.
16. Reflex Arc
• Sometimes quick action is needed
– No time to "think" about moving
– CNS is bypassed, so reaction time quickened
– Realization of pain reaches brain after movement occurs
Animation
Fill several balloons with different spices, oils, and extracts. Include things like lemon juice, cinnamon, baby powder, and almond extract. Label them #1 – 10 and supply an answer key.
Module #16: The Human Nervous System
EXPERIMENT 16.4
The Sense of Smell and the Sense of Taste Supplies : Toothpicks
Apple
Onion
Blindfold
A person to help you
A knife
Two paper towels
Introduction - The sense of smell affects the sense of taste. This experiment will demonstrate that fact for most people. Procedure : Make sure that your helper is not in the room when you start this experiment.
Cut a few bite-sized pieces from both the apple and the onion.
Put the pieces on a paper towel and cover them with the other paper towel.
Put away the rest of the apple and onion so that your helper has no idea what you have been cutting up. This is very important.
Blindfold your helper and have your helper pinch his or her nose to make sure he or she cannot smell.
Use the toothpick to spear one of the pieces and feed it to your helper. Ask him or her to identify the food by taste. Do not give him or her any hints. If he or she cannot identify the taste, don't worry about it.
Do this with three more pieces of food so that your helper has had two onion pieces and two apple pieces. Each time, ask the helper to identify the food by taste.
Now repeat steps (F) and (G), but this time allow your helper to stop pinching his or her nose. Let your helper smell the food before he or she tastes it. Once again, ask him or her to identify the food.
Clean everything up.
Since at least 2006, the old “tongue map” theory has been dispelled by research in favor of the idea that ALL taste receptors are found in all areas of the tongue:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v444/n7117/full/nature05401.html#B78
There are very FEW taste buds in the center of your tongue.