This PPT covers pharmacognosy of drugs of mineral origin. This includes Talc, Bentonite, chalk and kieselguhr

1. DRUGS OF MINERAL ORIGIN
Prepared by: Jegan. S. Nadar

2. DRUGS OF MINERAL ORIGIN
 TALC
 BENTONITE
 CHALK
 KIESELGUHR
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3. TALC
• Synonym: French Chalk, Talcum
• Source:
Talc is a mineral with perfect cleavage and soapy feel,
which occurs as foliate to fibrous masses and some times
in coarsely granular or cryptocrystalline masses
• Geographical Source:
It is found in Austria, Canada, United states, France
Jegan

4. • Description:
 It is folia which is slightly flexible but not elastic
 It is very soft
 It is softest known solid
 It is translucent to opaque in nature
 It is white to grey in color
 It is chemically inert
 It is Insoluble in water
 It is Sparingly soluble in dilute mineral acid
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5. • Chemical Constituents:
 It is composed of hydrated magnesium
silicate with the chemical formula
H2Mg3 (SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
 Also contains small amount of nickel, iron
and aluminium as impurities
 The variation in color of talc to green to
greyish indicates presence of iron oxide
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6. • Use:
 It is used as a cosmetic (talcum powder)
 Used as lubricant in tablet preparation
 Used as a dusting powder in coating and dusting pills
 Used in baby powder for the prevention of rashes in area covered with dipper
 Used in making paper
 Used in making soap
 Used as filter aid for filtration and clarification of cloudy liquids
Jegan

7. BENTONITE
• Synonym: Whilkinite
• Source:
Bentonite are clays composed of very fine particles derived usually from volcanic ash. It is
chiefly composed of the hydrous magnesium-calcium-aluminium silicate called
montmorillonite
• Geographical Source:
It is found in Britain, Brazil, France, India, Japan, China, United states
Jegan

8. • Description:
 It is slightly greenish grey or blue in color
 It is light blue color when observed under UV light
 It is insoluble in water, HCL and H2SO4
 It occurs as dipyramidal crystal
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9. • Chemical Constituents:
 The chemical formula of bentonite is BaTiSi3O3 (Barium Titanium Silicate)
 Generally bentonite occurs along with some unique set of minarals and frequently
associated minerals are
• Natrolite
• Albite
• Neptunite
• Serpentine
• Joaquinite
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10. • Use:
 The hardness of bentonite makes it suitable for its use as a gemstone
 Used in ointment, creams, lipsticks, rouges, eye shadow
 Used for facing the moulds and preparing the molding sands for casting metal
 Used in oil industry because of its nonabsorbent property
 Used as suspending and emulsifying agent and base for plasters
Jegan

11. Jegan

12. CHALK
• Synonym: Creta, Paris-White, Whiting, English white
• Source:
Chalk is native form of calcium carbonate, freed from most of the impurities by
elutriations. It contains not less than 97% w/w of calcium carbonate when dried at 100oC
• Geographical Source:
It is found in France, Germany, Denmark, United States
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13. It is mined in open quarry
Pulverized and purified by elutriation
The water is removed
Insoluble chalk settle down forming flat cakes
known as ‘Whitings’
It is further purified for pharmaceutical use Jegan

14. • Description:
 It is white in color
 It is earthy and soft to touch
 It is odourless
 It is amorphous
 It is insoluble in water
 It gives effervescences with acid
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15. • Chemical Constituents:
It contains
 Calcium carbonate-96%
 Magnesium carbonate-0.5%
 Silica- 1%
 Traces of iron, magnesium, aluminium oxides
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16. • Use:
It is used as
 Antacid
 Dietary supplement
 Dusting powder
 Antidiarrhoeal
 Abrasive in tooth paste and tooth powder
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17. KIESELGUHR
• Synonym: Diatomaceous earth, Celite, Supercel, Industrial earth
• Source:
It is natural diatomaceous earth consisting of siliceous skeletons of fossils, purified by
treating with dilute hydrochloric acid, washing with water and drying
• Geographical Source:
Huge quantity of this earth is available in Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Kenya, United
States
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18. • It is mined quarry
• Large block containing moisture to extend of 30-40% are arranged and dried
• Blocks containing 5-10% of moisture are then pulverized to produce fine
powder
• The powder is then subjected to acid treatment
• Washed thoroughly with water and dried
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19. • Description:
 It is brownish grey to white colored light powder
 It is odourless
 It is tasteless
 It is very smooth
 It adheres to the skin after rubbing
 It adsorbs moisture
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20. • Chemical Constituents:
Diatomite contains
 Silica: 75-90%
 Aluminium oxide: 1-5%
 Iron oxide: 5%
 Calcium oxide: 1.5%
 Magnesium oxide: 1.5%
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21. • Use:
 It is used as a filter aid for clarification of liquid
 It is used for decolorization of liquids
 It is used in manufacturing of tooth powder, face powder and nail polishes
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22. Thank You