Vaccines: A Powerful and Cost-Effective Tool Protecting Americans Against Disease

1. Spring 2024
Vaccines: A Powerful and
Cost-Effective Tool Protecting
Americans Against Disease

2. 2
CONFIDENTIAL
Vaccines have a successful history in eliminating or
significantly decreasing the incidence of dangerous
diseases

3. 3
CONFIDENTIAL
Vaccines prime your
immune system to
recognize and
combat infections
Different vaccines offer varying types of
protection depending on the disease
Vaccines work by teaching
your body to recognize specific
dangerous pathogens, so your
immune system is prepared to
fight off that infection.
U.S. CDC. Explaining How Vaccines Work. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/understanding-vacc-work.html
U.S. NIH. How Does the Immune System Work? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279364/
U.S. CDC. Explaining How Vaccines Work. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/conversations/understanding-vacc-work.html
Total Immunity
Target germs and
microbes that do
not change their
structure often
Protection against
Severe Disease
Target germs and
microbes that constantly
change their structure
Therapeutic
Vaccines
Train the immune
system to fight a
disease your body
already has

4. 4
CONFIDENTIAL
Vaccines decrease the severity and impact of some diseases
COVID-19 Flu Whooping Cough
(Pertussis)
COVID-19 vaccines
prevented more than
18 million
hospitalizations
and nearly 3 million
deaths in the first
two years they were
available.
Flu vaccination prevented an
estimated 7.5 million
influenza cases, 3.7 million
medical visits, 105,000
hospitalizations and 6,300
deaths, between 2019-2020 –
the last flu season prior to the
COVID-19 pandemic.
The vaccine for
whooping cough is
effective in reducing
severity of a disease
that previously killed
1 in 10 children who
became infected prior
to the availability of
the vaccine.
https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2022/two-years-covid-vaccines-prevented-millions-deaths-hospitalizations
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626586/#:~:text=Both%20whole%2Dcell%20and%20acellular,in%20outbreaks%20in%20vaccinated%20cohorts.
https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/routine-vaccines/routine-vaccines-extraordinary-impact-pertussis

5. 5
CONFIDENTIAL
Vaccines promote healthy aging
Timely vaccination could
help save these lives.
Vaccines promote healthy aging among the 50+ population, which is a major contributor to
our nation’s productivity, economic resilience and GDP growth.
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/886087
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/adults/for-patients/health-conditions.html
https://www.aarp.org/politics-society/advocacy/info-2019/older-americans-economic-impact-growth.html
50+ Population Contributions to U.S. GDP Growth
Vaccine preventable diseases like
influenza and shingles can lead to
increased risk of other conditions
and comorbidities in older adults,
such as cardiovascular and
neurovascular complications.
$0 $5 $10 $15 $20
U.S
GDP (in trillions)
China
U.S. 50+
Population
Japan
Germany
U.K.
$20.5
$13.4
$8.3
$5.0
$4.0
$2.8

6. 6
CONFIDENTIAL
https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2022/two-years-covid-vaccines-prevented-millions-deaths-hospitalizations
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4626586/#:~:text=Both%20whole%2Dcell%20and%20acellular,in%20outbreaks%20in%20vaccinated%20cohorts.
https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/routine-vaccines/routine-vaccines-extraordinary-impact-pertussis
Vaccines undergo extensive testing and monitoring to help ensure
safety and efficacy
Vaccines undergo
rigorous R&D, including
large clinical trials which
include thousands of
patient volunteers.
This work builds on a
foundation of ongoing
research and innovation
that can take decades.
Like all medicines, vaccines must
undergo an intensive review
process by the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) to
ensure safety and efficacy.
The FDA also inspects the
manufacturing of the vaccine
candidate and evaluates its
potency, safety and purity.
After approval,
biopharmaceutical
companies, the FDA,
and the CDC
continue monitoring
product safety
through various
means.
The CDC’s Advisory
Committee on
Immunization Practices
(ACIP) develops
recommendations for
who should receive
immunizations and on
what schedule.
Research &
Development
Regulatory
Review
Immunization
Recommendations
Ongoing Safety
Monitoring

7. 7
CONFIDENTIAL
Developing a new
vaccine is a lengthy,
challenging and
expensive process,
largely driven by the
biopharmaceutical
industry
New vaccine development
requires large-scale clinical
trials, and total development
costs that can exceed
$1 billion.
https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/HHS-Vaccines-Report.pdf
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2021. Vaccines
National Strategic Plan 2021–2025. Washington, DC
Research
Academia
Government
Industry
Development
of a New
Vaccine
Capabilities
Expertise
Complex
Manufacturing
Partners

8. 8
CONFIDENTIAL
The U.S. leads the world in developing innovative vaccine technology
https://www.researchamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/ResearchAmerica-Investment-Report.Final_.January-2022-1.pdf
https://info.evaluate.com/rs/607-YGS-364/images/2022%20World%20Preview%20Report.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151793/
The U.S. biopharmaceutical industry
alone accounts for
more than half
of global biopharmaceutical R&D spending
Over the past 20 years,
most new vaccines approved worldwide
have been developed in the
United States

9. 9
CONFIDENTIAL
U.S. leadership in vaccine innovation benefits Americans in
several ways
The biopharmaceutical industry's years of research and investments in vaccine
technologies yields a range of benefits
Health benefits Security benefits Health system
Life-saving vaccines for
children and adults
16 diseases are now preventable
in the U.S. due to the development
and availability of childhood
vaccines, and the introduction of a
new shingles vaccine in 2017 has
reduced the risk of shingles
among older adults by 90%.
The ability to develop vaccines
quickly and without relying on other
countries makes America more secure
The U.S was able to mobilize quickly
to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic with
a safe and effective vaccine in record time,
saving millions from severe illness
and death and well over billions in avoidable
health care costs.
Vaccine preventable
diseases, and conditions
like flu, pneumococcal
disease, shingles and
whooping cough, cost
$27 billion in direct and
indirect costs each year
among adults over the age
of 50.
https://phrma.org/-/media/Project/PhRMA/PhRMA-Org/PhRMA-Org/PDF/medicines-in-development-for-vaccines-2020.pdf
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/events/niiw/overview.html
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/shingles/public/shingrix/index.html#:~:text=In%20adults%2050%20to%2069,%2C%20Shingrix%20was%2089%25%20effective.
Meagan C. Fitzpatrick et al., “Two Years of U.S. COVID-19 Vaccines Have Prevented Millions of Hospitalizations and Deaths,” To the Point (blog), Commonwealth Fund, Dec. 13, 2022. https://doi.org/10.26099/whsf-fp90
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(22)00140-7/fulltext
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health

10. 10
CONFIDENTIAL
Childhood vaccines produce significant savings
Each dollar invested in pediatric immunization alone results in $7.50 in savings for
health systems and society
https://www.rtihs.org/updates-and-events/impact-routine-childhood-immunization
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/protecting-children.html
Childhood vaccines
prevented more than
one million
early deaths and
saved nearly
$2.2 trillion
between 1994–2021
$63.0
$8.5
$0.0
$10.0
$20.0
$30.0
$40.0
$50.0
$60.0
$70.0
Without childhood immunization With childhood immunization
Estimated Economic Cost of Vaccine Preventable Diseases
in the U.S. Among Children Born in 2017
Total
costs,
billions
U.S.
$

11. 11
CONFIDENTIAL
Vaccine preventable diseases cost the U.S. billions of dollars each
year
Ozawa S, Portnoy A, et al. “Modeling The Economic Burden Of Adult Vaccine-Preventable Diseases In The United States, 2016.” Health Affairs 35, No. 11 (2016): 2124-2132.
https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0462
Rose, Adam. “COVID-19 economic impacts in perspective: A comparison to recent U.S. disasters, 2021.” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2021; Volume 60, 15 June 2021, 102317.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420921002831?via%3Dihub
$0 $2 $4 $6 $8
$540 Million
$782 Million
$1.9 Billion
$5.8 Billion
All other VPDs
(incl. Hepatitis, MMR,
Tetanus & Pertussis)
Herpes
zoster
Pneumococcal
disease
Flu
Annual Costs Associated with Major Vaccine Preventable
Diseases
U.S. Dollars
The COVID-19
pandemic’s
total economic
impacts in the U.S.
are estimated to be
$6.12 trillion,
twice as great as
those of the Great
Recession of 2008

12. 12
CONFIDENTIAL
Recent Successes
As we continue to expand our understanding of science, the future
of vaccine development is more promising than ever
To deliver on the promise of this ongoing research, it is vital that the
biopharmaceutical policy environment supports advancements in science and
recognizes the role of vaccines in improving public health and enabling future
pandemic preparedness.
Pipeline Promises
https://phrma.org/-/media/Project/PhRMA/PhRMA-Org/PhRMA-Org/PDF/medicines-in-development-for-vaccines-2020.pdf
Resounding success from
decades of research
resulting in new vaccines
for deadly diseases,
including recent
advances for shingles,
COVID-19, chikungunya
virus and RSV
Hundreds of vaccines are currently in
development
to help prevent and fight disease across a
range of conditions from HIV, cancers, malaria
and more.
Supporting
Future Vaccines

13. 13
CONFIDENTIAL
As a result, almost 50 million
Part D-enrolled beneficiaries will
now have access to these
vaccines without cost sharing.
Policymakers can support and protect advances in vaccines
Policymakers should ensure promising new vaccines and
vaccine technology receive appropriate coverage by:
Reauthorizing critical provisions in the Pandemic and All Hazards Preparedness Act;
Protecting intellectual property to defend American biopharmaceutical research,
development, manufacturing and collaboration; and
Rejecting policies that would undermine intellectual property protections.
https://avalere.com/insights/several-changes-to-adult-vaccine-access-enacted-through-ira
https://www.cms.gov/data-research/statistics-trends-and-reports/medicare-advantagepart-d-contract-and-enrollment-data
PhRMA supports the policy that
eliminated vaccine cost sharing in
Medicare Part D for all ACIP-
recommended adult vaccines starting
January 1, 2023.
Present policy... ...leads to future protection