The presentation introduces the topic of microprocessor architecture. It defines a microprocessor as the central processing unit of a computer system that performs arithmetic and logic operations. It then explains that a microprocessor works by accepting binary data as input, processing it using an arithmetic logic unit and control unit, and providing output based on stored instructions. Finally, it provides a block diagram showing the typical components of a microprocessor system, including the microprocessor, memory, input/output devices, and interfaces.
An explicitly parallel program must specify concurrency and interaction between concurrent subtasks.
The former is sometimes also referred to as the control structure and the latter as the communication model.
A natural extension of the Random Access Machine (RAM) serial architecture is the Parallel Random Access Machine, or PRAM.
PRAMs consist of p processors and a global memory of unbounded size that is uniformly accessible to all processors.
Processors share a common clock but may execute different instructions in each cycle.
Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations or the execution of processes are carried out simultaneously. Large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which can then be solved at the same time. There are several different forms of parallel computing: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has been employed for many years, mainly in high-performance computing, but interest in it has grown lately due to the physical constraints preventing frequency scaling. As power consumption (and consequently heat generation) by computers has become a concern in recent years, parallel computing has become the dominant paradigm in computer architecture, mainly in the form of multi-core processors.
Along with idling and contention, communication is a major overhead in parallel programs.
The cost of communication is dependent on a variety of features including the programming model semantics, the network topology, data handling and routing, and associated software protocols.
The primary reasons for using parallel computing:
Save time - wall clock time
Solve larger problems
Provide concurrency (do multiple things at the same time)
An explicitly parallel program must specify concurrency and interaction between concurrent subtasks.
The former is sometimes also referred to as the control structure and the latter as the communication model.
A natural extension of the Random Access Machine (RAM) serial architecture is the Parallel Random Access Machine, or PRAM.
PRAMs consist of p processors and a global memory of unbounded size that is uniformly accessible to all processors.
Processors share a common clock but may execute different instructions in each cycle.
Parallel computing is a type of computation in which many calculations or the execution of processes are carried out simultaneously. Large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which can then be solved at the same time. There are several different forms of parallel computing: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has been employed for many years, mainly in high-performance computing, but interest in it has grown lately due to the physical constraints preventing frequency scaling. As power consumption (and consequently heat generation) by computers has become a concern in recent years, parallel computing has become the dominant paradigm in computer architecture, mainly in the form of multi-core processors.
Along with idling and contention, communication is a major overhead in parallel programs.
The cost of communication is dependent on a variety of features including the programming model semantics, the network topology, data handling and routing, and associated software protocols.
The primary reasons for using parallel computing:
Save time - wall clock time
Solve larger problems
Provide concurrency (do multiple things at the same time)
The Message Passing Interface (MPI) in Layman's TermsJeff Squyres
Introduction to the basic concepts of what the Message Passing Interface (MPI) is, and a brief overview of the Open MPI open source software implementation of the MPI specification.
advanced computer architesture-conditions of parallelismPankaj Kumar Jain
This PPT contains Data and Resource Dependencies,Control Dependence,Resource Dependence,Bernstein’s Conditions ,Hardware And Software Parallelism,Types of Software Parallelism
Parallel computing and its applicationsBurhan Ahmed
Parallel computing is a type of computing architecture in which several processors execute or process an application or computation simultaneously. Parallel computing helps in performing large computations by dividing the workload between more than one processor, all of which work through the computation at the same time. Most supercomputers employ parallel computing principles to operate. Parallel computing is also known as parallel processing.
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A multiprocessor is a computer system with two or more central processing units (CPUs), with each one sharing the common main memory as well as the peripherals. This helps in simultaneous processing of programs.
The key objective of using a multiprocessor is to boost the system’s execution speed, with other objectives being fault tolerance and application matching.
A good illustration of a multiprocessor is a single central tower attached to two computer systems. A multiprocessor is regarded as a means to improve computing speeds, performance and cost-effectiveness, as well as to provide enhanced availability and reliability.
The Message Passing Interface (MPI) in Layman's TermsJeff Squyres
Introduction to the basic concepts of what the Message Passing Interface (MPI) is, and a brief overview of the Open MPI open source software implementation of the MPI specification.
advanced computer architesture-conditions of parallelismPankaj Kumar Jain
This PPT contains Data and Resource Dependencies,Control Dependence,Resource Dependence,Bernstein’s Conditions ,Hardware And Software Parallelism,Types of Software Parallelism
Parallel computing and its applicationsBurhan Ahmed
Parallel computing is a type of computing architecture in which several processors execute or process an application or computation simultaneously. Parallel computing helps in performing large computations by dividing the workload between more than one processor, all of which work through the computation at the same time. Most supercomputers employ parallel computing principles to operate. Parallel computing is also known as parallel processing.
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A multiprocessor is a computer system with two or more central processing units (CPUs), with each one sharing the common main memory as well as the peripherals. This helps in simultaneous processing of programs.
The key objective of using a multiprocessor is to boost the system’s execution speed, with other objectives being fault tolerance and application matching.
A good illustration of a multiprocessor is a single central tower attached to two computer systems. A multiprocessor is regarded as a means to improve computing speeds, performance and cost-effectiveness, as well as to provide enhanced availability and reliability.
Micro controller and dsp processor, Microcontroller, What is Microcontroller , Features of a Microcontroller, Types of Microcontrollers, cisc, risc, Comparison between RISC and CISC, Harvard Memory Architecture Microcontroller, Von Neumann or Princeton Memory Architecture Microcontroller, External memory microcontroller, Embedded memory microcontroller, How does the microcontroller operate, Microcontroller architecture, Applications of Microcontroller, Microcontrollers used in , Various manufacturers of Microcontroller, Advantages and Disadvantages of Microcontroller, Comparing microcontroller and microprocessor, DSP Processor, Digital signal Processor, What is DPS Processor, Components of DSP, Architecture of DSP Processor, How DSP processor works, Advantages and disadvantages of DSP, Application of DSP, APPLICATIONS of DSP, MGCGV, Shubham Mishra
A microprocessor is a computer processor wherein the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit, or a few integrated circuits. The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required to perform the functions of a computer's central processing unit.
1. Introduction to Microprocessor.pptxISMT College
Microprocessor, Microcontroller, Features/characteristics of Microprocessor, System Bus, Address Bus, Data Bus, Control Bus, Stored Program Concept, Von-Neumann Architecture, Harvard Architecture, Bus organization, Evolution of Microprocessor.
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Draw and explain the architecture of general purpose microprocessor
1. WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION
Topics: Draw and explain the architecture of
general purpose microprocessor
Name: xxxx
ID: xxxxxx
2. What is a Microprocessor?
• The microprocessor is the central unit of a
computer system that performs arithmetic and
logic operations, which generally include adding,
subtracting, transferring numbers from one area
to another, and comparing two numbers. It's
often known simply as a processor, a central
processing unit, or as a logic chip. It's essentially
the engine or the brain of the computer that goes
into motion when the computer is switched on.
It's a programmable, multipurpose device that
incorporates the functions of a CPU (central
processing unit) on a single IC (integrated circuit).
3. How Does a Microprocessor Work?
A microprocessor accepts binary data as input,
processes that data, and then provides output
based on the instructions stored in the memory.
The data is processed using the microprocessor's
ALU (arithmetical and logical unit), control unit,
and a register array. The register array processes
the data via a number of registers that act as
temporary fast access memory locations. The
flow of instructions and data through the system
is managed by the control unit.
4. Benefits of a Microprocessor?
• computer systems aren't the only devices that use microprocessors. Everything
from smartphones to household appliances to cars use microprocessors these
days. Here are a few reasons why microprocessors are so widely used:
•
They don't cost a lot - Due to their use of IC technology, microprocessors don't
cost much to produce. This means that the use of microprocessors can greatly
reduce the cost of the system it's used in.
• They are fast - The technology used to produce modern microprocessors has
allowed them to operate at incredibly high speeds--today's microprocessors can
execute millions of instructions per second.
• They consume little power - Power consumption is much lower than other types
of processors since microprocessors are manufactured using metal oxide
semiconductor technology. This makes devices equipped with microprocessors
much more energy efficient.
5. Common Terms Used
• Word Length
• Word length refers to the number of bits in the processor's internal data
bus--or the number of bits that a processor can process at any given time.
For example, an 8-bit processor will have 8-bit registers, an 8-bit data bus,
and will perform 8-bit processing at a time.
•
Instruction Set
• The instruction set is the series of commands that a microprocessor can
understand. Essentially, it's the interface between the hardware and the
software.
•
Cache Memory
• The cache memory is used to store data or instructions that the software
or program frequently references during operation. Basically, it helps to
increase the operation's overall speed by allowing the processor to access
data more quickly than from a regular RAM.
6. Block diagram of microprocessor
The microprocessor is a semiconductor device
(Integrated Circuit) manufactured by the VLSI (Very
Large Scale Integration) technique. It includes the
ALU, register arrays and control circuit on a single
chip. A system designed using a microprocessor as its
CPU is called a microcomputer. The Microprocessor
based system (single board microcomputer) consists
of microprocessor as CPU, semiconductor memories
like EPROM and RAM, input device, output device and
interfacing devices. The memories, input device,
output device and interfacing devices are called
peripherals. The popular input devices are keyboard
and floppy disk and the output devices are printer,
LED/LCD displays, CRT monitor, etc.