National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) Update - Dr. Paul Hauer, USDA/APHIS/NVSL, from the 2012 Annual Conference of the National Institute for Animal Agriculture, March 26 - 29, Denver, CO, USA.
More presentations at: http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2012-decreasing-resources-increasing-regulation-advance-animal-agriculture
Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals like cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. It is caused by a picornavirus with multiple serotypes. The virus is transmitted through direct contact or contact with infected animals/materials. Clinical signs include fever and blister-like lesions in the mouth and on the feet. Diagnosis involves identifying lesions, virus isolation from samples, and serological tests. Treatment focuses on supportive care while prevention relies on quarantine, vaccination, and good biosecurity practices.
Marek’s Disease – A lymphoproliferative disease of chickens characterised by mononuclear infilteration of PNS, other tissues & visceral organs.
First described by Jozsef Marek of Hungary in 1907.
Due to neuronal involvement, synonyms used are – Polyneuritis, Fowl Paralysis, Range Paralysis & Neurolymphomatosis.
This document provides information about Marek's Disease, including:
1) It is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by the Marek's Disease Virus (MDV), a herpesvirus. MDV has three serotypes, with Serotype 1 including the oncogenic strains responsible for Marek's Disease.
2) The virus spreads via dander from infected feather follicles through the air. It causes proliferation of lymphocytes which can deposit in various tissues, leading to neural, visceral, cutaneous or ocular forms of the disease.
3) Clinical signs include paralysis, enlarged organs, skin nodules or eye protrusion. Diagnosis involves post-mortem
Strength and weaknesses of fmd control programme going on in india dr. kale b...Bhoj Raj Singh
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a devastating disease in many of the developing countries including India despite control programs. The FMD in India is associated with loss of about Rs. 20000 crores per annually. Government of India and different provincial governments are spending hundreds of crore rupees per year to control the disease. The FMD control programme (FMD-CP) is running in India since more than 13 years but control of the FMD is still far away dream and the Disease is regularly visiting even the government farms managed by the India's leading Veterinary and Dairy Institutes. The pros and cons of FMD-CP has been discussed in the presentation.
Lumpy skin disease is caused by a virus in cattle that causes raised circular nodules on the skin and other clinical signs. It can spread between cattle through mosquitoes and flies. The disease causes economic losses through reduced milk production, abortion, and hide damage. Diagnosis involves identifying characteristic skin lesions and confirming with virus isolation or serology testing. Control relies on quarantine of infected herds, vaccination in endemic areas, and insect control to prevent transmission.
Marek's disease is a highly contagious viral infection of poultry caused by the Marek's disease virus (MDV). It is characterized by T cell lymphomas as well as infiltration of nerves and organs by lymphocytes. Clinical signs may include decreased growth, egg production, or high mortality rates in susceptible birds. The disease is transmitted horizontally through inhalation of dander from infected birds and has significant economic impacts on the poultry industry worldwide. Vaccines have been developed to control Marek's disease but the virus continues to evolve, requiring changes to vaccination strategies.
This document provides information on naval ill and joint ill in calves. It defines the diseases as infections entering through the umbilical cord within the first week of life, causing swelling or abscesses at the navel and arthritis. The diseases are caused by bacteria and transmitted from contaminated environments. Clinical signs include swollen, painful navels or joints. Diagnosis involves examining samples from affected areas. Treatment involves antibiotics, draining abscesses, and cleaning joints. Prevention focuses on hygiene during calving and ensuring calves receive sufficient colostrum.
This document discusses Avian Reo Virus. It begins with an introduction to the virus's discovery and economic impacts, including weight suppression and viral arthritis. It then covers the virus's characteristics such as being non-enveloped with 10 segments of dsRNA. Transmission occurs horizontally through feces or respiratory routes or vertically at low rates. Clinical signs include lameness, joint swelling, and malabsorption syndrome. Treatment is not possible but vaccination of breeders can help reduce problems in progeny.
Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals like cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. It is caused by a picornavirus with multiple serotypes. The virus is transmitted through direct contact or contact with infected animals/materials. Clinical signs include fever and blister-like lesions in the mouth and on the feet. Diagnosis involves identifying lesions, virus isolation from samples, and serological tests. Treatment focuses on supportive care while prevention relies on quarantine, vaccination, and good biosecurity practices.
Marek’s Disease – A lymphoproliferative disease of chickens characterised by mononuclear infilteration of PNS, other tissues & visceral organs.
First described by Jozsef Marek of Hungary in 1907.
Due to neuronal involvement, synonyms used are – Polyneuritis, Fowl Paralysis, Range Paralysis & Neurolymphomatosis.
This document provides information about Marek's Disease, including:
1) It is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by the Marek's Disease Virus (MDV), a herpesvirus. MDV has three serotypes, with Serotype 1 including the oncogenic strains responsible for Marek's Disease.
2) The virus spreads via dander from infected feather follicles through the air. It causes proliferation of lymphocytes which can deposit in various tissues, leading to neural, visceral, cutaneous or ocular forms of the disease.
3) Clinical signs include paralysis, enlarged organs, skin nodules or eye protrusion. Diagnosis involves post-mortem
Strength and weaknesses of fmd control programme going on in india dr. kale b...Bhoj Raj Singh
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a devastating disease in many of the developing countries including India despite control programs. The FMD in India is associated with loss of about Rs. 20000 crores per annually. Government of India and different provincial governments are spending hundreds of crore rupees per year to control the disease. The FMD control programme (FMD-CP) is running in India since more than 13 years but control of the FMD is still far away dream and the Disease is regularly visiting even the government farms managed by the India's leading Veterinary and Dairy Institutes. The pros and cons of FMD-CP has been discussed in the presentation.
Lumpy skin disease is caused by a virus in cattle that causes raised circular nodules on the skin and other clinical signs. It can spread between cattle through mosquitoes and flies. The disease causes economic losses through reduced milk production, abortion, and hide damage. Diagnosis involves identifying characteristic skin lesions and confirming with virus isolation or serology testing. Control relies on quarantine of infected herds, vaccination in endemic areas, and insect control to prevent transmission.
Marek's disease is a highly contagious viral infection of poultry caused by the Marek's disease virus (MDV). It is characterized by T cell lymphomas as well as infiltration of nerves and organs by lymphocytes. Clinical signs may include decreased growth, egg production, or high mortality rates in susceptible birds. The disease is transmitted horizontally through inhalation of dander from infected birds and has significant economic impacts on the poultry industry worldwide. Vaccines have been developed to control Marek's disease but the virus continues to evolve, requiring changes to vaccination strategies.
This document provides information on naval ill and joint ill in calves. It defines the diseases as infections entering through the umbilical cord within the first week of life, causing swelling or abscesses at the navel and arthritis. The diseases are caused by bacteria and transmitted from contaminated environments. Clinical signs include swollen, painful navels or joints. Diagnosis involves examining samples from affected areas. Treatment involves antibiotics, draining abscesses, and cleaning joints. Prevention focuses on hygiene during calving and ensuring calves receive sufficient colostrum.
This document discusses Avian Reo Virus. It begins with an introduction to the virus's discovery and economic impacts, including weight suppression and viral arthritis. It then covers the virus's characteristics such as being non-enveloped with 10 segments of dsRNA. Transmission occurs horizontally through feces or respiratory routes or vertically at low rates. Clinical signs include lameness, joint swelling, and malabsorption syndrome. Treatment is not possible but vaccination of breeders can help reduce problems in progeny.
Newcastle disease is a contagious viral disease of birds caused by avian paramyxovirus-1. It affects many species of birds and can cause severe economic losses in poultry. The virus is transmitted through direct contact and contaminated feces, water, or feed. Clinical signs vary depending on the strain but may include respiratory disease, neurological signs, and diarrhea. Diagnosis involves virus isolation from samples. Control relies on quarantine, vaccination, and culling infected flocks to prevent spread. Proper cleaning and disinfection of affected premises is important for eradication.
Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral disease of birds caused by paramyxovirus-1. It is characterized by respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological signs. The virus can be transmitted through direct contact with feces or respiratory secretions of infected birds, or indirect contact with contaminated feed, water, equipment, or clothing. Clinical signs include drops in egg production, edema around the eyes, greenish diarrhea, and neurological signs like tremors, circling, and twisting of the head. Post-mortem lesions include edema of tissues, hemorrhages in the trachea and intestines, and necrosis of lymphoid tissues. Diagnosis is made through virus isolation, identification, and serological tests. Prevention
Newcastle Disease is caused by a paramyxovirus that infects the respiratory and intestinal tracts of chickens. It spreads to other organs via the bloodstream, causing infection of the lungs, intestines, and central nervous system. Clinical signs include respiratory symptoms, nervous signs, digestive issues, and sudden death. Gross lesions include hemorrhages in multiple organs, tracheitis, diphtheritic inflammation of the throat and esophagus, necrosis of lymphoid tissues, and congestion in organs like the liver and lungs. Histopathological examination reveals epithelial necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, neuronal degeneration, and lymphoid tissue destruction in affected organs.
This document discusses prevention and control of foot-and-mouth disease, a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. It defines the disease and outlines its etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, and prevention and control strategies. Prevention focuses on strict biosecurity measures regarding animal movement, facilities, equipment, and people. Control involves surveillance, vaccination, quarantine, and culling infected or exposed animals. Vaccination can help control outbreaks but has disadvantages like short-term immunity and limited protection against different virus strains. Early detection and rapid response are critical to control disease spread.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Fowl pox is a viral disease of birds caused by avipoxvirus. There are two forms: a skin/cutaneous form presenting as wart-like skin lesions, and a diphtheritic form with lesions in the mouth and respiratory tract causing breathing difficulty. The virus is spread through direct contact between birds or indirectly on hands/clothes of handlers. Diagnosis is based on characteristic lesions seen during examination or histopathology. There is no treatment, but vaccination can help prevent the disease from spreading. Proper sanitation, mosquito control, and disposal of dead birds are important control measures.
This document describes the procedure for ovariohysterectomy (spaying) in dogs. It discusses the indications for spaying, including birth control, uterine diseases, and reducing risks of certain cancers. It outlines the pre-anesthetic drugs commonly used like atropine, xylazine, ketamine and diazepam. The steps of the surgical technique are explained, including making a midline incision, exteriorizing the uterus, clamping and ligating the ovarian pedicles, and closing in layers. The required equipment is also listed.
The document summarizes information about Newcastle disease virus (NDV), including that it is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus from the Avulavirus genus. NDV strains range from lentogenic to velogenic (strongest). The virus is transmitted through contact with feces or other excretions from infected birds and can spread through contaminated materials. Newcastle disease affects many domestic and wild avian species and while it poses little risk to humans, it can cause conjunctivitis or flu-like symptoms in those exposed. Clinical symptoms vary depending on virus strain, health, age and species but include respiratory and nervous signs.
Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals like cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. It is caused by an aphthovirus from the family Picornaviridae. The virus can be transmitted between animals through direct contact or contact with contaminated materials. Clinical signs include blisters and sores in the mouth and on the feet. Young animals are more susceptible to death from myocarditis. Farmers are advised to promptly isolate and report suspected cases of foot and mouth disease to prevent its spread.
Sheep pox is a viral disease of sheep characterized by generalized pox lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, accompanied by fever and lymph node swelling. The causative agent is capripoxvirus, which is transmitted through aerosols, contact with infected materials, or insect vectors like biting flies and mosquitoes. The incubation period is typically 4-8 days, with clinical signs appearing 3-5 days after exposure. Lesions form on the lips, groin, axilla, ears, and tail. The disease course is 4-6 weeks and full recovery may take 3 months. Vaccination provides effective control in endemic areas.
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract caused by coccidian protozoa. It spreads through contact with infected feces and causes diarrhea. While most infected animals are asymptomatic, young or immunocompromised animals can suffer severe symptoms and death. The disease is common in confined poultry operations where oocysts contaminate the environment. Several species of Eimeria cause distinct lesions in different parts of the intestines. Clinical signs range from reduced growth to high mortality. Treatment involves anticoccidial drugs while control relies on sanitation, anticoccidial medication in feed, and separating birds from droppings.
Vesicular stomatitis in Cattle, Horse and pigsRakshith K, DVM
Caused by Rhabdoviridae family, Vesiculovirus. Development of vesicles on the mouth and feet. The virus, an arbovirus, is spread to cattle, horses, and pigs primarily by sandflies and blackflies. The mechanism of injury in vesicular stomatitis is cell dysfunction and lysis leading to intercellular edema with vesiculation, erosion, and ulceration of mucosae and skin. Pathogenesis of the disease is by the bite of the flies, entry of virus, viral replication in the cell and rupture of the cell, which form intercellular space that is fluid filled to form vesicles. Rupture of this vesicles leads to erosion/ulceration of overlying mucosa or skin.
Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
This document discusses hydropericardium syndrome, a disease affecting broiler chickens caused by group I adenovirus. The disease is characterized by an accumulation of fluid under the pericardium and liver necrosis. It is transmitted both vertically from breeders and horizontally. The virus infects the intestines then spreads systemically, being shed in feces. Affected chickens show sudden high mortality between 3-5 weeks with lethargy and yellow droppings. Necropsy reveals fluid in the pericardium and pale swollen liver and kidneys. Histopathology shows liver and heart lesions and inclusion bodies aid diagnosis along with PCR and immunofluorescence tests.
Fowl cholera is a contagious bacterial disease affecting domestic and wild birds worldwide, caused by Pasteurella multocida type A. It occurs sporadically or endemically in most countries. Clinical signs vary depending on the course of disease but commonly include fever, loss of appetite, respiratory difficulty, and hemorrhages. Post-mortem lesions show vascular disturbances like congestion and hemorrhages. Diagnosis requires isolating P. multocida from infected birds. Treatment involves antibiotics but does not eliminate the bacteria, so prevention focuses on sanitation, biosecurity, and vaccination.
This document provides an overview of Newcastle disease in birds. It begins with an introduction defining Newcastle disease as a viral infection caused by avian paramyxovirus 1. The document then covers the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, and post mortem lesions of the disease. Key points include that the virus is shed in feces and respiratory secretions and transmitted through direct or indirect contact, and that clinical signs can include neurological issues while post mortem lesions are not specific.
Foot and mouth disease: An Indian perspectiveBhoj Raj Singh
FMD is an economically important disease of cloven-footed animals. It causes an estimated loss of Rs. 20-22 thousand crores per year to livestock owners in India. To control the disease, DAHDF of India launched a National FMD Control Program (FMD-CP) in 2003 with an outlay of about Rs. 500 crores a year by Central Government and each state government also invested an equally good amount of money. The program is ongoing all over India. However, results are humiliating and harassing. We are almost at the same spot from where we started 15 years back in 2003.
The document discusses the role of laboratories in outbreak investigations. It describes how laboratories can help establish the existence of an outbreak by verifying diagnoses and confirming the causative agent through tests like culture, PCR, and serology. Laboratories also aid epidemiological investigations by defining cases, conducting surveillance to identify additional cases, and comparing laboratory and environmental findings. Finally, laboratories play an important long-term role in monitoring for disease reservoirs, detecting silent outbreaks through surveillance data, and evaluating the success of prevention and control measures.
Dr. Mark Engle - Swine (Corona Virus) UpdateJohn Blue
Swine (Corona Virus) Update - Dr. Mark Engle, DVM, MS, Merck Senior Technical Services Manager, Swine Business Unit, from the 2015 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'Water and the Future of Animal Agriculture', March 23 - March 26, 2015, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2015_niaa_water_future_animal_ag
Newcastle disease is a contagious viral disease of birds caused by avian paramyxovirus-1. It affects many species of birds and can cause severe economic losses in poultry. The virus is transmitted through direct contact and contaminated feces, water, or feed. Clinical signs vary depending on the strain but may include respiratory disease, neurological signs, and diarrhea. Diagnosis involves virus isolation from samples. Control relies on quarantine, vaccination, and culling infected flocks to prevent spread. Proper cleaning and disinfection of affected premises is important for eradication.
Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral disease of birds caused by paramyxovirus-1. It is characterized by respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological signs. The virus can be transmitted through direct contact with feces or respiratory secretions of infected birds, or indirect contact with contaminated feed, water, equipment, or clothing. Clinical signs include drops in egg production, edema around the eyes, greenish diarrhea, and neurological signs like tremors, circling, and twisting of the head. Post-mortem lesions include edema of tissues, hemorrhages in the trachea and intestines, and necrosis of lymphoid tissues. Diagnosis is made through virus isolation, identification, and serological tests. Prevention
Newcastle Disease is caused by a paramyxovirus that infects the respiratory and intestinal tracts of chickens. It spreads to other organs via the bloodstream, causing infection of the lungs, intestines, and central nervous system. Clinical signs include respiratory symptoms, nervous signs, digestive issues, and sudden death. Gross lesions include hemorrhages in multiple organs, tracheitis, diphtheritic inflammation of the throat and esophagus, necrosis of lymphoid tissues, and congestion in organs like the liver and lungs. Histopathological examination reveals epithelial necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, neuronal degeneration, and lymphoid tissue destruction in affected organs.
This document discusses prevention and control of foot-and-mouth disease, a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals. It defines the disease and outlines its etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, and prevention and control strategies. Prevention focuses on strict biosecurity measures regarding animal movement, facilities, equipment, and people. Control involves surveillance, vaccination, quarantine, and culling infected or exposed animals. Vaccination can help control outbreaks but has disadvantages like short-term immunity and limited protection against different virus strains. Early detection and rapid response are critical to control disease spread.
local names, definition, etiology,epidemiology lifecycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, necropsy finding, diagnosis,treatment, control and prevention
Fowl pox is a viral disease of birds caused by avipoxvirus. There are two forms: a skin/cutaneous form presenting as wart-like skin lesions, and a diphtheritic form with lesions in the mouth and respiratory tract causing breathing difficulty. The virus is spread through direct contact between birds or indirectly on hands/clothes of handlers. Diagnosis is based on characteristic lesions seen during examination or histopathology. There is no treatment, but vaccination can help prevent the disease from spreading. Proper sanitation, mosquito control, and disposal of dead birds are important control measures.
This document describes the procedure for ovariohysterectomy (spaying) in dogs. It discusses the indications for spaying, including birth control, uterine diseases, and reducing risks of certain cancers. It outlines the pre-anesthetic drugs commonly used like atropine, xylazine, ketamine and diazepam. The steps of the surgical technique are explained, including making a midline incision, exteriorizing the uterus, clamping and ligating the ovarian pedicles, and closing in layers. The required equipment is also listed.
The document summarizes information about Newcastle disease virus (NDV), including that it is caused by a single-stranded RNA virus from the Avulavirus genus. NDV strains range from lentogenic to velogenic (strongest). The virus is transmitted through contact with feces or other excretions from infected birds and can spread through contaminated materials. Newcastle disease affects many domestic and wild avian species and while it poses little risk to humans, it can cause conjunctivitis or flu-like symptoms in those exposed. Clinical symptoms vary depending on virus strain, health, age and species but include respiratory and nervous signs.
Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals like cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. It is caused by an aphthovirus from the family Picornaviridae. The virus can be transmitted between animals through direct contact or contact with contaminated materials. Clinical signs include blisters and sores in the mouth and on the feet. Young animals are more susceptible to death from myocarditis. Farmers are advised to promptly isolate and report suspected cases of foot and mouth disease to prevent its spread.
Sheep pox is a viral disease of sheep characterized by generalized pox lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, accompanied by fever and lymph node swelling. The causative agent is capripoxvirus, which is transmitted through aerosols, contact with infected materials, or insect vectors like biting flies and mosquitoes. The incubation period is typically 4-8 days, with clinical signs appearing 3-5 days after exposure. Lesions form on the lips, groin, axilla, ears, and tail. The disease course is 4-6 weeks and full recovery may take 3 months. Vaccination provides effective control in endemic areas.
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract caused by coccidian protozoa. It spreads through contact with infected feces and causes diarrhea. While most infected animals are asymptomatic, young or immunocompromised animals can suffer severe symptoms and death. The disease is common in confined poultry operations where oocysts contaminate the environment. Several species of Eimeria cause distinct lesions in different parts of the intestines. Clinical signs range from reduced growth to high mortality. Treatment involves anticoccidial drugs while control relies on sanitation, anticoccidial medication in feed, and separating birds from droppings.
Vesicular stomatitis in Cattle, Horse and pigsRakshith K, DVM
Caused by Rhabdoviridae family, Vesiculovirus. Development of vesicles on the mouth and feet. The virus, an arbovirus, is spread to cattle, horses, and pigs primarily by sandflies and blackflies. The mechanism of injury in vesicular stomatitis is cell dysfunction and lysis leading to intercellular edema with vesiculation, erosion, and ulceration of mucosae and skin. Pathogenesis of the disease is by the bite of the flies, entry of virus, viral replication in the cell and rupture of the cell, which form intercellular space that is fluid filled to form vesicles. Rupture of this vesicles leads to erosion/ulceration of overlying mucosa or skin.
Foot and mouth disease preventive and epidemiological aspectsBhoj Raj Singh
FMD: Menace in India
Discusses problems of FMD Control in India like:
Lack of faith in farmers and veterinarians that FMD can be controlled with vaccination (due to repeated failure of vaccines in quality and vaccination failures resulting in FMD outbreaks).
Lack of infrastructure facilities for maintaining the cold chain and efficient transport to the vaccination site.
Lack of human resources for handling/ vaccinating livestock.
Needs for further researches on diagnosis (Pen-side), disinfection, vaccines and vaccination (affording at least a year immunity, quality vaccine etc.) and control strategies.
No-timely investigation or excessively delayed investigation of FMD outbreaks especially those occurring after vaccination.
Transparency in vaccine quality monitoring and vaccine purchases.
Fear in veterinarians for reporting FMD in their area of operation.
False statistics of the disease and vaccination.
No legal punitive action against suppliers of substandard FMD vaccines even after the supply of multiple substandard batches of vaccine.
This document discusses hydropericardium syndrome, a disease affecting broiler chickens caused by group I adenovirus. The disease is characterized by an accumulation of fluid under the pericardium and liver necrosis. It is transmitted both vertically from breeders and horizontally. The virus infects the intestines then spreads systemically, being shed in feces. Affected chickens show sudden high mortality between 3-5 weeks with lethargy and yellow droppings. Necropsy reveals fluid in the pericardium and pale swollen liver and kidneys. Histopathology shows liver and heart lesions and inclusion bodies aid diagnosis along with PCR and immunofluorescence tests.
Fowl cholera is a contagious bacterial disease affecting domestic and wild birds worldwide, caused by Pasteurella multocida type A. It occurs sporadically or endemically in most countries. Clinical signs vary depending on the course of disease but commonly include fever, loss of appetite, respiratory difficulty, and hemorrhages. Post-mortem lesions show vascular disturbances like congestion and hemorrhages. Diagnosis requires isolating P. multocida from infected birds. Treatment involves antibiotics but does not eliminate the bacteria, so prevention focuses on sanitation, biosecurity, and vaccination.
This document provides an overview of Newcastle disease in birds. It begins with an introduction defining Newcastle disease as a viral infection caused by avian paramyxovirus 1. The document then covers the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, and post mortem lesions of the disease. Key points include that the virus is shed in feces and respiratory secretions and transmitted through direct or indirect contact, and that clinical signs can include neurological issues while post mortem lesions are not specific.
Foot and mouth disease: An Indian perspectiveBhoj Raj Singh
FMD is an economically important disease of cloven-footed animals. It causes an estimated loss of Rs. 20-22 thousand crores per year to livestock owners in India. To control the disease, DAHDF of India launched a National FMD Control Program (FMD-CP) in 2003 with an outlay of about Rs. 500 crores a year by Central Government and each state government also invested an equally good amount of money. The program is ongoing all over India. However, results are humiliating and harassing. We are almost at the same spot from where we started 15 years back in 2003.
The document discusses the role of laboratories in outbreak investigations. It describes how laboratories can help establish the existence of an outbreak by verifying diagnoses and confirming the causative agent through tests like culture, PCR, and serology. Laboratories also aid epidemiological investigations by defining cases, conducting surveillance to identify additional cases, and comparing laboratory and environmental findings. Finally, laboratories play an important long-term role in monitoring for disease reservoirs, detecting silent outbreaks through surveillance data, and evaluating the success of prevention and control measures.
Dr. Mark Engle - Swine (Corona Virus) UpdateJohn Blue
Swine (Corona Virus) Update - Dr. Mark Engle, DVM, MS, Merck Senior Technical Services Manager, Swine Business Unit, from the 2015 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'Water and the Future of Animal Agriculture', March 23 - March 26, 2015, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2015_niaa_water_future_animal_ag
The document discusses Johne's disease, also known as paratuberculosis, which is a chronic, infectious enteritis in cattle caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). MAP is transmitted from infected cows to young calves, usually through ingestion of contaminated manure or milk/colostrum. Clinical signs often do not appear for years. The Atlantic Johne's Disease Initiative aims to reduce Johne's prevalence in Atlantic Canada through education, infection control practices, and research. The initiative has enrolled over 350 dairy herds to date.
This document discusses different types of animal health surveillance systems. It describes passive surveillance as provider-initiated reporting, while active surveillance is health department-initiated. General surveillance collects data on multiple diseases, while targeted surveillance focuses on a specific disease. Data sources can include recorded diagnoses, clinical signs, survey reports, indirect indicators, and risk factors. Common surveillance systems are farmer-based, facility-based, sentinel, syndromic, and surveys. Each system has advantages and limitations for early detection and monitoring of animal diseases.
Ebola virus antibody prevalence in dogs. elena ortiz (1)Elena Ortiz
1. The study tested 439 dogs for Ebola virus antibodies in Gabon and found higher rates of antibodies in dogs from Ebola outbreak areas compared to other areas, suggesting dogs can be asymptomatically infected by Ebola virus.
2. While Ebola virus was not detected in blood from antibody-positive dogs, this asymptomatic infection in dogs raises concerns for human infection risk given close contact between humans and dogs.
3. Monitoring antibody levels in dogs may help indicate virus circulation and outbreak risk.
Dr. Lisa Becton - Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Status & Research ...John Blue
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Status & Research Update - Dr. Lisa Becton, Director of Swine Health Information and Research, National Pork Board, from the 2015 Minnesota Pork Congress, January 21-22, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-minnesota-pork-congress
Ebola virus antibody prevalence in dogs. elena ortiz (1)Elena Ortiz
1. The study tested 439 dogs for Ebola virus antibodies in Gabon and found increasing seroprevalence rates from low-risk to high-risk areas, providing evidence that dogs can be asymptomatically infected by Ebola virus.
2. While the virus or viral sequences were not detected in positive dog samples, the findings suggest past or transient Ebola infection rather than just antigenic stimulation.
3. Asymptomatic Ebola infection in dogs raises implications for preventing human outbreaks, as close contact between dogs and humans could increase transmission risk.
Advances in diagnostic technology allow for more sensitive, specific, rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of diseases. New methods like PCR, real-time PCR, in situ hybridization, biosensors, infrared thermography, and ELISA have improved on classical diagnostic approaches by being able to detect minute amounts of pathogens, identify pathogens rapidly, and differentiate between field strains and vaccine strains. These advanced diagnostic techniques are important for disease control, treatment, and surveillance.
1. The study developed a PCR amplification assay to rapidly screen bulk milk samples from dairy herds to identify those infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).
2. Milk samples were collected from cows, somatic cells were purified, and viral RNA was extracted. Primers targeting the 5' untranslated region and p80 region of BVDV were used in PCR.
3. BVDV RNA was detected in milk from an acutely infected cow and two persistently infected cows. The assay could detect BVDV diluted up to 1:640 in milk and was more sensitive than virus isolation.
Dr. Christie Mayo - Vesicular Stomatitis Virus UpdateJohn Blue
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Update - Dr. Christie Mayo, DVM, Colorado State University, from the 2015 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'Water and the Future of Animal Agriculture', March 23 - March 26, 2015, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2015_niaa_water_future_animal_ag
Schmallenberg virus is a novel-emerging insect-borne Orthobunyavirus that was first identified in cattle in Germany in 2011. It causes acute disease in cattle and abortions, stillbirths, and birth defects in sheep and goats. The virus is transmitted by Culicoides biting midges and has spread rapidly across Europe since first being identified, infecting over 1 in 4 flocks and herds in some countries. While not transmissible to humans, it poses a serious threat to livestock production through its ability to cause developmental abnormalities in newborn animals if their mothers are infected during pregnancy. Surveillance and vaccination are recommended to control further spread.
This document summarizes information about a group assignment submitted by 7 fifth-year veterinary students to their professor on the topic of foot and mouth disease. The key points covered include:
- Foot and mouth disease is caused by a picornavirus that infects cloven-hoofed animals and has 7 distinct serotypes.
- Risk factors for transmission include direct or indirect contact between susceptible animals. Clinical signs vary by species but include vesicles in the mouth and feet.
- Controlling outbreaks requires prompt notification of authorities, quarantine, vaccination of at-risk animals, and proper disposal and disinfection to prevent further spread.
This document provides information about disease investigation techniques, materials needed for laboratory investigation, and the establishment of animal health centers. It discusses techniques for investigating disease outbreaks and epidemics, as well as the objectives and phases of disease surveillance. It also outlines the different types of samples that can be collected from animals for laboratory analysis, and the proper procedures and materials needed for sample collection. Finally, it describes the goals, services, and assistance provided by animal health centers, which work to diagnose and prevent the spread of diseases among livestock populations.
The document describes plans for a Secure Pork Supply (SPS) program to allow safe movement of pigs during a foreign animal disease outbreak in the United States. It discusses developing standards for premises registration, biosecurity, surveillance, and disease monitoring to designate premises as uninfected and allow their continued operation. An advisory committee is coordinating efforts including biosecurity protocols, surveillance methods, and a response plan to maintain pork production during an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease, classical swine fever, African swine fever, or swine vesicular disease. The program aims to minimize disruption through rapid disease control and continuity of business.
This document summarizes information about peste des petits ruminants (PPR), also known as goat plague. It describes PPR as a contagious viral disease affecting sheep and goats, caused by a virus in the genus Morbillivirus. The document outlines the clinical signs of PPR, methods of diagnosis including virus isolation, serological and molecular tests. It discusses the epidemiology and transmission of PPR. Prevention and control methods focus on vaccination programs targeting susceptible small ruminant populations.
Dr. Dyneah Classen - Management and challenges of dealing with swine influenzaJohn Blue
Management and challenges of dealing with swine influenza - Dr. Dyneah Classen, Carthage Veterinary Service, Ltd., from the 2013 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 14-17, 2013, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-leman-swine-conference-material
The document summarizes the current situation of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Ireland. While HEV infections are likely underdiagnosed, available data indicates low prevalence in humans. Limited testing has been conducted in animals and foods. The National Virus Reference Laboratory conducts HEV diagnostic testing and is validating a genotyping assay. HEV will become a notifiable disease, and enhanced surveillance, guidelines, collaboration between agencies, and increased awareness are recommended to improve understanding and monitoring of HEV in Ireland.
Dr. Phil Gauger - Influenza ‘A’ Virus in Swine: Overview of Disease and Diagn...John Blue
Influenza ‘A’ Virus in Swine: Overview of Disease and Diagnosis - Dr. Phil Gauger, Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, from 2015 Summer Swine Health Seminar, August 22, 2015, Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2015-boehringer-ingelheim-carolina-swine-health-seminar
Similar to Dr. Paul Hauer - National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) Update (20)
Jordan Hoewischer - OACI Farmer Certification ProgramJohn Blue
OACI Farmer Certification Program - Jordan Hoewischer, Ohio Farm Bureau, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Fred Yoder - No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and IgnoranceJohn Blue
No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and Ignorance - Fred Yoder, Former President, National Corn Growers Association, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. John Grove - Fifty Years Of No-till Research In KentuckyJohn Blue
Long-term no-till research can provide valuable insights into crop production over many seasons. This research found that no-till soils generally had higher yields than tilled soils over time. No-till soils had cooler temperatures, held more water after rain, and had different soil biological properties and nutrient stratification compared to tilled soils. The impacts of no-till and fertilizer nitrogen on soil organic carbon and crop yields changed over the 50 years of the study.
Dr. Warren Dick - Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962John Blue
Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962 - Dr. Warren Dick, OSU-OARDC (retired), from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Christine Sprunger - The role that roots play in building soil organic ma...John Blue
The role that roots play in building soil organic matter and soil health - Dr. Christine Sprunger, OSU - SENR, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Leonardo Deiss - Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends afte...John Blue
Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends after 60 years of No-till - Dr. Leonardo Deiss, OSU, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Steve Culman - No-Till Yield Data AnalysisJohn Blue
No-Till Yield Data Analysis - Dr. Steve Culman, OSU Soil Fertility Extension Specialist, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs John Blue
This document summarizes the results of soil health tests conducted on five fields with different tillage and cover cropping histories. Biological, chemical, and physical soil health indicators such as microbial biomass, soil organic matter, active carbon, and bulk density showed improved soil health in fields that were no-tilled or had cover crops for longer durations compared to conventionally tilled fields or fields with shorter cover cropping histories. Long-term no-till and cover cropping practices increased soil organic matter, microbial activity, and nutrient availability and decreased bulk density compared to conventional tillage systems.
Dr. Curtis Young - Attracting And Protecting PollinatorsJohn Blue
Attracting And Protecting Pollinators - Dr. Curtis Young, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Sarah Noggle - Cover Crop Decision Tool SelectorJohn Blue
Cover Crop Decision Tool Selector - Sarah Noggle, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Hemp Regulations - Jim Belt, ODA, Head of Hemp for Ohio, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
John Barker - UAVs: Where Are We And What's NextJohn Blue
UAVs: Where Are We And What's Next - John Barker, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Rajbir Bajwa - Medical uses of MarijuanaJohn Blue
Medical uses of Marijuana - Dr. Rajbir Bajwa, Coordinator of legal medical marijuana sales, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Jeff Stachler - Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cove...John Blue
Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cover Crops - Dr. Jeff Stachler, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Chad Penn - Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Reco...John Blue
Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Recommendations - Dr. Chad Penn, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Jim Hoorman - Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative PlantingJohn Blue
Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative Planting - Jim Hoorman, Hoorman Soil Health Services, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction John Blue
Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction - Dr. Sjoerd Duiker, Extension Agronomist, Penn State University, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Christine Brown - Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water QualityJohn Blue
Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water Quality - Christine Brown, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Lee Briese - Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cove...John Blue
Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cover crops...) - Dr. Lee Briese, North Dakota, 2017 International Crop Adviser of the Year, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...Travis Hills MN
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
2. Safeguarding Animal Health
Director
Elizabeth Lautner
Diagnostic Virology Laboratory
Director
Beverly Schmitt
Equine + Ovine Viruses
Eileen Ostlund
NAHLN
Barbara Martin
Program & Administrative
Services
Carl Nagle
Laboratory Resources Unit
Lorie Walsh
Avian Viruses
Vacant
Bovine, Porcine + Aquaculture
Viruses
Sabrina Swenson
Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory
Director
Matthew Erdman
Mycobacteria + Brucella
Suelee Robbe-Austerman
Serology
David Kinker
Bacterial Identification
Vacant
Foreign Animal Disease
Diagnostic Laboratory
Director
Vacant
Diagnostic Services
Fernando Torres-Velez
Reagents +
Vaccine Services
Wei Jia
Proficiency +
Validation Services
Mike McIntosh
Pathobiology Laboratory
Director
Arthur Davis
Pathology, Parasitology +
Entomology Section
S. Mark Hall
Chemistry +
Analytical Services
Walter Hyde
Associate Director
Paul Hauer
Chief of Staff
Beth Harris
Administrative Unit
Michael Sibert
Quality Manager
Tina Buffington
Parasitology Sub-section
Jack Schlater
Technicians Sub-section
Bruce Thomsen
Reagents Sub-section
Randy Capsel
NVSL Structure
3. Safeguarding Animal Health
NVSL Mission
• To safeguard U.S. animal health and contribute to
public health by ensuring that timely and accurate
laboratory support* is provided by a nationwide
animal health diagnostic system.
Reference and confirmatory laboratory for USDA
FY 2011 (Oct 2010 – Sept 2011): 66,800 accessions and 533,400
tests approved.
* Includes both domestic and foreign animal diseases
4. Safeguarding Animal Health
NVSL Activities
• Conduct diagnostic testing
• Supply reference reagents to other laboratories
Exchange diagnostic reagents with other laboratories to standardize and harmonize testing
• Provide training in diagnostic techniques
State, university, private and foreign government laboratory personnel
APHIS or other agency personnel
• Conduct proficiency testing of other laboratories
• Consult on agents/techniques
• Conduct developmental projects to improve diagnostic techniques for diseases
of significance
• Participate in World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Collaborating Centre
for the Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas –
CVB, ISU
• Serve as OIE reference laboratory
high pathogenicity avian influenza, anthrax, pseudorabies, bluetongue, contagious equine metritis,
equine encephalomyelitis, equine infectious anemia, leptospirosis, Newcastle disease, swine
influenza, vesicular stomatitis and West Nile encephalitis
• Serve as FAO reference center for vesicular diseases, classical swine fever,
African swine fever
4
5. Safeguarding Animal Health
Diagnostic Virology Laboratory
• Dr. Bev Schmitt,
Director
• Dr. Sabrina
Swenson,
BPA Section Head
• Dr. Eileen Ostlund,
EO Section Head
• [Vacant],
Avian Section Head
5
6. Safeguarding Animal Health
Schmallenberg Virus Update
• First identified in Europe in August, 2011
• Affects sheep, goats, cattle, possibly
other ruminants.
• Impact on wild ruminants unknown at this
time.
• Fever, anorexia, diarrhea, and decreased
milk production seen in adult cattle
• Clinical signs non-specific; fetal
malformations in sheep, goats or cattle
6
7. Safeguarding Animal Health
Schmallenberg Virus - Agent
• Closely resembles viruses in the genus
Orthobunyavirus.
• Other closely related viruses are Shamonda,
Aino and Akabane viruses.
• Not considered a human disease risk by CDC
at this time.
• Vaccine development underway; not
available at this time.
7
8. Safeguarding Animal Health
Schmallenberg Virus – Vector Range
• Most likely transmitted by biting midges, thus
transmission occurs during seasons when
insects are most active. Fetus affected when
dam infected during early pregnancy.
• Belgian study – identified positive pools of
Culicoides obsoletus and C. dewulfi
• C. dewulfi not recorded in North America
• C. obsoletus occurs in most of the U.S. and
southern Canada
8
9. Safeguarding Animal Health
Schmallenberg Virus – U.S. Response
• Has not been found in the U.S. at this time
• APHIS has issued an import alert which requires
specific collection conditions for semen, embryos
and other genetic material from the EU.
• Trade restrictions are in addition to those already
in place for the EU because of BSE.
• USDA developed general information sheets to
share with stakeholders and general public.
• www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/
2012/schmallenberg_virus.pdf
9
10. Safeguarding Animal Health
Schmallenberg Virus – Laboratory
Capacity
• NVSL has obtained the virus, protocols and
reagents for PCR testing from Germany.
• Have ability to conduct diagnostic tests (PCR,
VI and VN) for Schmallenberg at NVSL
(Ames and Plum Island).
• NVSL-Ames can accept samples to test for
Schmallenberg; work with AVIC and State
Veterinarian, call NVSL for information on
sampling procedures
10
11. Safeguarding Animal Health
Schmallenberg Virus – Sampling
Criteria for Submission to NVSL
• Submit cases in ruminants where more than one
dam produces fetus or neonate displaying signs
of arthrogryposis hydranencephaly syndrome:
stillbirths, mummies, muscle atrophy, joint
malformations, etc.
• Differential diagnostic testing for other causes of
reproductive problems should be handled by
local diagnostic laboratory.
Ames will only test for Schmallenberg virus and Cache
Valley Fever virus
11
12. Safeguarding Animal Health
Schmallenberg Virus – Submitting
Samples
• Initially requesting samples associated with
reproductive signs
Fetal tissues: brain, heart blood, serum
Dam: serum ONLY
• Submit to NVSL-Ames on our 10-4 submission
form; indicate “Schmallenberg virus” as exam
requested
• Contact the VS AVIC and State Animal Health
Official when submitting
• If case is a FAD suspect, handle as FAD
investigation as per VS Memo 580.4
12
13. Safeguarding Animal Health
2011 Q Fever: Washington & Montana
4/2011 99 goats tested QF CFT 73/99-74% positive
99 goats tested QF ELISA 77/99-78% positive
Tested at NVSL submitted by owner
Noted by owner 14 does aborted from Dec 2010
6/2011 Epi-Aid request to CDC for assistance
Request from a state begin process
Rapid and focused action on trace outs
567 goats tested QF ELISA 62/567-11% positive
Tested at NVSL submitted by CDC
Farms in WA/MT/OR purchased goats from index
14. Safeguarding Animal Health
Swine Influenza Update
14
• Investigation of suspected pig lineage influenza in
humans; H3N2v
• Collaboration with NAHLN labs to identify and
obtain isolates H3N2 isolates as part of SIV
surveillance program
• Full genome sequencing from repository of SIV
isolates using new Ion Torrent method
15. Safeguarding Animal Health
Avian Influenza Update
Wild Birds: 420 specimens received for confirmation and identification from individual
state wildlife service surveillance programs, research, etc.
• No HPAI H5N1 detected
• LPAI H5N1 (North American lineage) detected in 4 states (ID, OH, MN and WA)
• LPAI H5N2 – Predominate subtype (52 isolations)
• LPAI H7N3 – Predominate subtype (27 isolations)
• Other subtypes detected
H1(4), H2 (3), H3 (36), H4 (38), H5 (62), H6 (29), H7 (49), H8 (1), H9 (1), H10 (5),
H11 (35), H12 (4), H13 (1), H14 (3)
The H14 isolation represents the first isolation of H14 in North America. Previous
to this H14 avian influenza was isolated one time and that is from the Caspian
Sea in 1982.
Commercial Poultry: Two cases reported to OIE in FY 2011
16. Safeguarding Animal Health
Live-bird Market Surveillance – FY11
State
NJ
PA
MA
MD
NY
RI
CT
FL
OH
WA
NH
NE
Specimens
3580
26
125
8
19
49
28
18
200
22
4
318
Submissions
544
22
29
7
11
11
7
4
46
5
1
74
761 (8.8% pos) 4,397 (2.6% pos)Total - 12
17. Safeguarding Animal Health
Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory
17
• Dr. Matt Erdman, DBL
Director
• Dr. Suelee Robbe-
Austerman, MB Section
Head
• Dr. Dave Kinker,
Serology Section Head
• [Vacant]: BI Section Head
18. Safeguarding Animal Health
Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory
• Implemented ovine tissue matching and sex determination
microsatellite assays.
• Harmonized NVSL TB genotyping (VNTR) to match CDC
genotyping protocols for human isolates.
• Initiated a whole genome sequencing project on Mycobacterium
bovis and Brucella spp to improve epidemiological traces.
• Provided Proficiency tests for CEM
• Proficiency tests for Group D Salmonella in poultry, Salmonella serotyping,
and general bacteriology will be distributed in April and May 2012
• Leptospira MAT proficiency test and training course planned for summer
2012
• Implemented new testing scheme and PCR for Campylobacter spp
identification
• Implemented luminex xMAP Salmonella Assay for molecular serotyping of
Salmonella isolates
18
19. Safeguarding Animal Health
• Collaborated with Ohio State University to screen Salmonella
isolates for antimicrobial resistance
• Successfully completed initial large scale production of TB
tuberculin bulks.
• Continuing Caudal Fold Tuberculin distribution in multiple fill
volumes to accommodate multiple herd size testing (10 ml, 5 ml,
and 1 ml)
• Brucellosis Reagents - Large volume production of Card, RAP,
and BAPA antigen. Smaller volume production of Tube, Plate,
and Rivanol antigens.
• Successful production of Dourine CF antigen, Glander’s CF
antigen, Anaplasma CF antigen, and various control serum.
Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory
20. Safeguarding Animal Health
• TB Cervid Stat-Pak Project: 1654 serum samples from Elk,
White-Tailed Deer, and Reindeer were tested on the Cervid
Stat-Pak. The goal of this project is to develop sensitivity
and specificity values so that this test could potentially be
used as a screening test or official test instead of the skin
test for bovine TB. This project is ongoing and will continue
in FY2012.
• Samples provided by NVSL Serum Bank :
~ 425 Cervid samples
~ 250 Bovine samples
3734 Cervid samples and 2891 Cattle samples in bank
20
Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory
22. Safeguarding Animal Health
Pathobiology Laboratory
22
• The Pathobiology group receives
approximately 10,000 samples annually for
histopathological examination in support of
the USDA Bovine Tuberculosis eradication
program. Of these samples approximately
85-90% are from slaughter surveillance
stream.
• Also a participant in the evaluation of
Permethrin for use in dip vat solutions
against cattle fever ticks.
• Conducting ongoing evaluation of three
IHC TSE testing platforms (Ventana,
BioCare, Leica) for use in VS Programs.
23. Safeguarding Animal Health
CWD Rectal Biopsy Study
• Test sensitivity for the rectal biopsy samples was approximately
70% compared to the gold standard of CWD testing on brain and
or lymph nodes samples
• Test sensitivity was influenced by animal genotype and stage of
disease
RB test sensitivity is highest in prion protein codon 96 GG
deer, with lower RB test sensitivity in 96GS and 96SS deer
Deer later in the course of the disease (as defined by
increasing amounts of prion protein in the brain) have the
greatest likelihood of a positive RB test
Conversely, deer early in the course of the disease that lack
prion in the brain or have low amounts of prion, more
frequently have false negative RB results
24. Safeguarding Animal Health
Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
• [Vacant], Director
• Dr. Fernando
Torres-Velez, DSS
Section Head
• Dr. Mike McIntosh,
PVS Section Head
• Dr. Wei Jia,
RVS Section Head
24
25. Safeguarding Animal Health
FADDL - International Collaborations
Dx Assistance & Capacity Building
• Ecuador
Characterization of O/ECU FMD strain
• Dominican Republic
Low pathogenic CSF
PTV-1
• Haiti
PTV-1
• Mexico
Reference lab Capacity building (CSF)
• Mongolia
OIE twinning program (FMD)
International Transboundary
Animal Disease Course
FY 10 FY 11
FADD
Trained 19 23
• Harmonization
US/Mexico CSF Dx
harmonization
Proficiency panels
(Canada)
9
26. Safeguarding Animal Health
FADDL: Emerging Disease Investigations
• October 2011
Vesicular-like to ulcerative disease
among Ringed seals in the
northwest Alaska Arctic region
Animals from Canada and Russia
also reported with same symptoms
FADDL provided support through
conventional and state of the art
diagnostic techniques to rule out
vesicular diseases
The etiologic agent still unknown as
of January 2012
27. Safeguarding Animal Health
FADDL: CSF Surveillance in the Americas
• 2011 – CSF outbreak in
Guatemala near MX border
FADDL monitoring the “re-
emergence” of Classical Swine
Fever in Guatemala for
possible low virulence strain
variations
We provided molecular
characterization and phylogeny
analysis to complement the field
clinical observations.
Mexico
Guatemala
Belize
28. Safeguarding Animal Health
Diagnostic Development
Projects
Assay
Development
• FMD 3ABC ELISA
• FMD 3D ELISA (DIVA)
• FMD LPBE
• CSF Competitive ELISA
• Isothermal LAMP assay*
Pan-mycoplasma
Capripox
Lumpy skin disease
• Panviral microarrays
• Multiplex platforms
*not DHS funded
Assay
Validation
• FMD Penside test
(SVANODIP® FMDV-Ag)
• Detection of FMDV in
bulk tank milk
• Sample preservation &
transport in FTA paper
(CSF & FMD)
• Ropes for collection of
oral fluid (Dx CSF &
FMD)
Reagent
Development &
Production
• Vesicular Ag ELISA
reagent production
• Monoclonal production
ASF
• FMD antisera bank
28
29. Safeguarding Animal Health
Assay Validation:
• Evaluation of FMD Penside Dx Assays-Lateral Flow Device
Investigate performance characteristics of a penside FMD assay
pending licensing in the USA
• Bulk Tank Milk PCR for Foot-and-Mouth Disease
FMD PCR in Milk: Inter-laboratory Comparison study
(currently underway)
FMD PCR in Milk: Negative Cohort study (to begin in
Summer 2012)
30. NAHLN- A State and Federal Partnership to Safeguard Animal Health
31. Safeguarding Animal Health
NAHLN Strategic Planning
February 2011 -
NAHLN structure
options were
discussed during
Coordinating
Council Meeting
July 2011 –
Structure options
provided to
USAHA/AAVLD
Joint NAHLN
Committee for
input
August 2011 – Edits
discussed by
Coordinating Council
and proposed model
document finalized.
• 4 models based on:
state, region, function,
or geographic area
August 2011 –
AAVLD
Executive
Committee
solicited input
from stakeholder
groups including
laboratory
personnel,
industry, SAHOs,
and VS.
• 138 individuals
responded
September 2011
– Coordinating
Council
developed
concept paper
shared at
USAHA/AAVLD
• “A Vision for
National Animal
Health
Laboratory
Network
Structure-
Current
Thinking”
February 2012–
All comments on
concept paper
received and
shared with
NAHLN
Coordinating
Council
May 2012–
Concept paper to
be finalized and
laboratory related
policies reviewed
for finalization
• This is an
important step
to codification of
NAHLN in the
9CFR
32. Safeguarding Animal Health
NAHLN Surveillance Update– Highlights
SIV Report
testing numbers October 2010 January 2012
• 6855 Total samples submitted under program
• 2733 accessions (approximate number of herds)
• 1058 Matrix positive accessions
• 171 accessions positive for pN1 gene
• Total of 629 isolates sequenced
Sequences deposited in Gen Bank for reference for vaccine development researchers
• Currently in process of changing the testing algorithm to a broader focus of
swine influenzas and emerging virus strains by removing N1 PCR and adding
standardized subtyping PCRs.
Expected to implement in the next few weeks
• Since 2008, VS has been collaborating with CDC on SIV by regularly sharing
isolates mainly for human vaccine development purposes, and also sharing
SOPs methods and molecular expertise.
32
33. Safeguarding Animal Health
Upcoming NAHLN Training
• May 2012– Planned QMS training in
collaboration with AAVLD and
International Services
• August 2011 – NAHLN IT messaging
training with 20 participants from NAHLN
labs and VS OCIO
• February and March 2012– Funding
mechanism webinar series for NAHLN
labs
• May 2012– VS Memo 580.4
implementation training for laboratory
and field staff
35. Safeguarding Animal Health
NVSL Scientific Publications
• (NVSL Authors: Ostlund E and Emery M) 2011. Notes from the field: Q
fever outbreak associated with goat farms--Washington and Montana, Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Oct 14;60(40):1393.
• Scoles GA, Hutcheson HJ, Schlater JL, Hennager SG, Pelzel AM,
Knowles DP. 2011. Equine piroplasmosis associated with Amblyomma
cajennense Ticks, Texas, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. Oct;17(10):1903-5.
• Miller M, Terrell S, Lyashchenko K, Greenwald R, Harris B, Thomsen BV,
Fontenot D, Stetter M, Neiffer D, and Fleming G. 2011. Mycobacterium
kansasii Infection in a Bontebok (Damaliscus pygaragus dorcas) Herd:
Diagnostic Challenges in Differentiating from the Mycobacterium
tuberculosis Complex. J Zoo Wildl Med 42(3):468-472.
• Donahue BC, Petrowski HM, Melkonian K, Ward GB, Mayr GA, Metwally
S. 2012. Analysis of clinical samples for early detection of classical swine
fever during infection with low, moderate, and highly virulent strains in
relation to the onset of clinical signs. J Virol Methods. Jan;179(1):108-15.
Epub 2011 Oct 20.
35
36. Safeguarding Animal Health
NVSL Scientific Publications
• Nolting J, Fries, AC, Courtney C, Hines N, Pedersen J, Killian ML. Recovery of H14 influenza A
virus isolates from sea ducks in the Western Hemisphere [Internet]. Version 5. Knol. 2011 Dec 13.
Available from: http://knol.google.com/k/jacqueline-nolting/recovery-of-h14-influenza-a-
virus/1gl1uoak9qgic/1
• Killian ML, Zhang Y, Panigrahy B, Trampel D, Yoon KJ. 2011. Identification and Characterization
of H2N3 Avian Influenza Virus from Backyard Poultry and Comparison with Novel H2N3 Swine
Influenza Virus. Avian Dis. 55(4):611-619.
• Carleton RE, Mertins JW, Yabsley MJ. 2012. Parasites and Pathogens of Eastern Bluebirds
(Sialia sialis): A Field Survey of a Population Nesting Within a Grass-Dominated Agricultural
Habitat in Georgia, U.S.A., with a Review of Previous Records. Comp Parasit. 79(1):30-43.
• Short MA, Clark CA, Harvey JW, Wenzlow N, Hawkins IK, Allred DA, Knowles DP, Corn JL,
Grause JL, Hennager SG, Kitchen DL, Traub-Dargatz JL. 2012. Outbreak of equine
piroplasmosis in Florida. JAVMA 240(5):588-595.
• Deng,MY, Millien M, Jacques-Simon R, Flanagan JK, Bracht AJ, Carrillo C,Barrette RW,
Fabian A, Mohamed F, Moran K, Rowland J,Swenson SL , Jenkins-Moore M, Koster L,
Thomsen BV, Mayr G, Pyburn D, Morales P, Shaw J, Burrage T, White W, McIntosh MT, and
Metwally S. 2012. Diagnosis of porcine teschovirus encephalomyelitis in the Republic of Haiti. J
Vet Diagn Invest, Vol. 24, Number 4, in press.
36
37. Safeguarding Animal Health
Websites
• National Veterinary Services Laboratories
www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/lab_info_services
• National Animal Health Laboratory Network
www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahln