Long-term no-till research can provide valuable insights into crop production over many seasons. This research found that no-till soils generally had higher yields than tilled soils over time. No-till soils had cooler temperatures, held more water after rain, and had different soil biological properties and nutrient stratification compared to tilled soils. The impacts of no-till and fertilizer nitrogen on soil organic carbon and crop yields changed over the 50 years of the study.
Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs John Blue
Soil biological Response to BMPs - Alan Sundermeier, OSU Extension, and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Warren Dick - Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962John Blue
Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962 - Dr. Warren Dick, OSU-OARDC (retired), from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Christine Sprunger - The role that roots play in building soil organic ma...John Blue
The role that roots play in building soil organic matter and soil health - Dr. Christine Sprunger, OSU - SENR, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Leonardo Deiss - Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends afte...John Blue
Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends after 60 years of No-till - Dr. Leonardo Deiss, OSU, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Moving to No-till: Are We Progressing in the Right Direct...John Blue
Moving to No-till: Are We Progressing in the Right Direction? - Dr. Sjoerd Duiker, Extension Agronomist, Penn State University, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs John Blue
Soil biological Response to BMPs - Alan Sundermeier, OSU Extension, and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Warren Dick - Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962John Blue
Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962 - Dr. Warren Dick, OSU-OARDC (retired), from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Christine Sprunger - The role that roots play in building soil organic ma...John Blue
The role that roots play in building soil organic matter and soil health - Dr. Christine Sprunger, OSU - SENR, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Leonardo Deiss - Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends afte...John Blue
Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends after 60 years of No-till - Dr. Leonardo Deiss, OSU, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Moving to No-till: Are We Progressing in the Right Direct...John Blue
Moving to No-till: Are We Progressing in the Right Direction? - Dr. Sjoerd Duiker, Extension Agronomist, Penn State University, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Phillip Is, Pacific Ocean: Drivers of landscape degradation and recovery and ...Richard Thackway
We present an assessment of the modification of the vegetation condition found on Phillip Island relative to a fully natural pre-European (1750) reference state and the current land and sea birds recorded on the Island. The island became denuded between the late 1700s and mid-1850s. Introductions of pigs, goats and rabbits were made to feed to penal colony of the nearby Norfolk Island. Almost complete loss of vegetation types, extent and condition is attributed to a deliberate land management regime: used to feed the pigs and goats. Pigs and goats became extinct with the loss of vegetation on the Island. Rabbits persisted on the Island until 1988, when they were eradicated. Changes in the extent of vegetation cover has been remarkable from a very low level up to 1900-1980 (estimated <1%); it now covers large areas of the island including valleys and gulleys and cliffs (estimated 50%). Our analyses show that the condition of the largely passively recovered vegetation extent is not of a high condition relative to an assumed reference state (1750) for Pine – Hardwood Subtropical Rainforest. A reconstructed pre-European settlement (original) list of sea birds shows that sea birds diversity on the island have changed little in three recent bird surveys (1978-2015). A reconstructed pre-European settlement (original) list of land birds shows that land birds have obviously changed, with many of the current species not represented in the pre-European list. The current list of land birds, which make up most of the current list of species recorded on Phillip Island have invaded from the nearby Norfolk Island. We conclude that current bird species diversity and distribution on the island is a not a function of the condition of the indigenous native vegetation, assessed relative to a pre-European reference state, but rather it appears to be a response to the lack of mammalian grazing mammals and the present of open to dense shrubby vegetation.
Climate Smart Agriculture and forest conservation to foster SOC sequestration...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Johan Six from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, in FAO Hq, Rome
Potential soil organic matter benefits from mixed farming: evidence from long...Sustainable Food Trust
David Powlson's presentation from the Sustainable Food Trust's meeting: What role for grazing livestock in a world of climate change and diet-related disease?
Rehabilitating degraded croplands for improved crop productivity and soil car...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 3 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Hatirarami Nezomba, from Soil Fertility Consortium for Southern Africa - Zimbabwe, in FAO Hq, Rome
Land and Soil Issues in Africa: Disturbance, succession and the promise of ec...FAO
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/spi/en/
Presentation by Tim Crews (The Land Institute) describing soil-related challenges for crop production and research on the benefits of perennials vs. annuals to enhance soil characteristics. The presentation was delivered in occasion of the “Putting Perennial crops to work in practice” workshop in Bamako, Mali (1-5 September 2015).
KEYNOTE PRESENTATION - Is soil biodiversity a nature-based solution? Mr Wim v...Soils FAO-GSP
This webinar aims to discuss the global status, gaps and multiple benefits of soil biodiversity as a key contributor in sustaining life in this planet.
Land management impact on soil organic carbon stocks – what do we really know?ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Axel Don, from Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture -Germany, in FAO Hq, Rome
Field research activity update on PhD proposal “Improved crop management systems for
sustainable cassava production in sub-Saharan Africa” by Joy Adiele
Richard Teague - Grazing Down the Carbon: The Scientific Case for Grassland R...gabriellebastien
Richard Teague - Grazing Down the Carbon: The Scientific Case for Grassland Restoration
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
Presentation at the 1st Summit of the Organic Fertiliser Industry in Europe (SOFIE), 5 - 6 June 2019, organized by the European Sustainable Phosphorus Platform (ESPP, www.phosphorusplatform.eu).
All outcomes of the conference can be found at http://www.phosphorusplatform.eu/SOFIE2019
Phillip Is, Pacific Ocean: Drivers of landscape degradation and recovery and ...Richard Thackway
We present an assessment of the modification of the vegetation condition found on Phillip Island relative to a fully natural pre-European (1750) reference state and the current land and sea birds recorded on the Island. The island became denuded between the late 1700s and mid-1850s. Introductions of pigs, goats and rabbits were made to feed to penal colony of the nearby Norfolk Island. Almost complete loss of vegetation types, extent and condition is attributed to a deliberate land management regime: used to feed the pigs and goats. Pigs and goats became extinct with the loss of vegetation on the Island. Rabbits persisted on the Island until 1988, when they were eradicated. Changes in the extent of vegetation cover has been remarkable from a very low level up to 1900-1980 (estimated <1%); it now covers large areas of the island including valleys and gulleys and cliffs (estimated 50%). Our analyses show that the condition of the largely passively recovered vegetation extent is not of a high condition relative to an assumed reference state (1750) for Pine – Hardwood Subtropical Rainforest. A reconstructed pre-European settlement (original) list of sea birds shows that sea birds diversity on the island have changed little in three recent bird surveys (1978-2015). A reconstructed pre-European settlement (original) list of land birds shows that land birds have obviously changed, with many of the current species not represented in the pre-European list. The current list of land birds, which make up most of the current list of species recorded on Phillip Island have invaded from the nearby Norfolk Island. We conclude that current bird species diversity and distribution on the island is a not a function of the condition of the indigenous native vegetation, assessed relative to a pre-European reference state, but rather it appears to be a response to the lack of mammalian grazing mammals and the present of open to dense shrubby vegetation.
Climate Smart Agriculture and forest conservation to foster SOC sequestration...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the Plenary 1, GSOC17 – Setting the scientific scene for GSOC17 of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Johan Six from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, in FAO Hq, Rome
Potential soil organic matter benefits from mixed farming: evidence from long...Sustainable Food Trust
David Powlson's presentation from the Sustainable Food Trust's meeting: What role for grazing livestock in a world of climate change and diet-related disease?
Rehabilitating degraded croplands for improved crop productivity and soil car...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 3 Parallel session on Theme 3.3, Managing SOC in: Dryland soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Hatirarami Nezomba, from Soil Fertility Consortium for Southern Africa - Zimbabwe, in FAO Hq, Rome
Land and Soil Issues in Africa: Disturbance, succession and the promise of ec...FAO
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/spi/en/
Presentation by Tim Crews (The Land Institute) describing soil-related challenges for crop production and research on the benefits of perennials vs. annuals to enhance soil characteristics. The presentation was delivered in occasion of the “Putting Perennial crops to work in practice” workshop in Bamako, Mali (1-5 September 2015).
KEYNOTE PRESENTATION - Is soil biodiversity a nature-based solution? Mr Wim v...Soils FAO-GSP
This webinar aims to discuss the global status, gaps and multiple benefits of soil biodiversity as a key contributor in sustaining life in this planet.
Land management impact on soil organic carbon stocks – what do we really know?ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Axel Don, from Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture -Germany, in FAO Hq, Rome
Field research activity update on PhD proposal “Improved crop management systems for
sustainable cassava production in sub-Saharan Africa” by Joy Adiele
Richard Teague - Grazing Down the Carbon: The Scientific Case for Grassland R...gabriellebastien
Richard Teague - Grazing Down the Carbon: The Scientific Case for Grassland Restoration
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
Presentation at the 1st Summit of the Organic Fertiliser Industry in Europe (SOFIE), 5 - 6 June 2019, organized by the European Sustainable Phosphorus Platform (ESPP, www.phosphorusplatform.eu).
All outcomes of the conference can be found at http://www.phosphorusplatform.eu/SOFIE2019
Richard Teague - Grazing Down the Carbon: The Scientific Case for Grassland R...bio4climate
Richard Teague - Grazing Down the Carbon: The Scientific Case for Grassland Restoration
From Biodiversity for a Livable Climate conference: "Restoring Ecosystems to Reverse Global Warming"
Saturday November 22nd, 2014
www.bio4climate.org
Soil Health definition and relationship to soil biology
Characteristics of healthy soil
Assessment of soil health
Framework for evaluating soil health
Indicators
Types of indicators
Biological indicators
Role of biological indicators
All is not what it seems - Why integrate land management and ecological liter...Richard Thackway
The condition of native vegetation types is changed and transformed over time by land use and land management practices. Intensive natural events are illustrated which effect vegetation structure and composition in the short term. Long term interactions between intensive natural events such as firestorms, windstorms and pest animals are presented. The VAST-2 system is used to illustrate several case studies including sand mining, sheep and cattle grazing, pest animals and cropping.
This lecture was given to the Fenner School, Australian National University as part of an intensive post graduate course (ENVS 2022/6012, Sustainable Systems: Rural (2015)).
Cover Crops Provide Much More than Just CoverRay Weil
This presentation was the Keynote address for the Innovative Farmers of Ontario (Canada) in February 2014. Some slides may not work as well as intended without their animations.
Nutrient management as a component of southern pine plantation Silviculture
What limits a site’s productive potential?
What are the growth impacts due to fertilization?
Do treatment responses carry over to the next rotation?
Jordan Hoewischer - OACI Farmer Certification ProgramJohn Blue
OACI Farmer Certification Program - Jordan Hoewischer, Ohio Farm Bureau, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Fred Yoder - No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and IgnoranceJohn Blue
No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and Ignorance - Fred Yoder, Former President, National Corn Growers Association, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Steve Culman - No-Till Yield Data AnalysisJohn Blue
No-Till Yield Data Analysis - Dr. Steve Culman, OSU Soil Fertility Extension Specialist, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Curtis Young - Attracting And Protecting PollinatorsJohn Blue
Attracting And Protecting Pollinators - Dr. Curtis Young, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Sarah Noggle - Cover Crop Decision Tool SelectorJohn Blue
Cover Crop Decision Tool Selector - Sarah Noggle, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Hemp Regulations - Jim Belt, ODA, Head of Hemp for Ohio, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
John Barker - UAVs: Where Are We And What's NextJohn Blue
UAVs: Where Are We And What's Next - John Barker, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Rajbir Bajwa - Medical uses of MarijuanaJohn Blue
Medical uses of Marijuana - Dr. Rajbir Bajwa, Coordinator of legal medical marijuana sales, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Jeff Stachler - Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cove...John Blue
Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cover Crops - Dr. Jeff Stachler, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Chad Penn - Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Reco...John Blue
Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Recommendations - Dr. Chad Penn, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Jim Hoorman - Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative PlantingJohn Blue
Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative Planting - Jim Hoorman, Hoorman Soil Health Services, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction John Blue
Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction - Dr. Sjoerd Duiker, Extension Agronomist, Penn State University, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Christine Brown - Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water QualityJohn Blue
Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water Quality - Christine Brown, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Lee Briese - Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cove...John Blue
Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cover crops...) - Dr. Lee Briese, North Dakota, 2017 International Crop Adviser of the Year, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Lance Conway - Using Sensor Metrics to Guide Agronomic DecisionsJohn Blue
Using Sensor Metrics to Guide Agronomic Decisions - Lance Conway, University of Missouri, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Lee Briese - Herbicide/cover Crop Interactions. Cover Crops Are Tools; Se...John Blue
Herbicide/cover Crop Interactions. Cover Crops Are Tools; Select The Right Tool. - Dr. Lee Briese, CCA, North Dakota, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Dr. Lee Briese - Transitioning to a No-Till System (Steps to consider; it may...John Blue
Transitioning to a No-Till System (Steps to consider; it may take 5 yrs) - Dr. Lee Briese, CCA, North Dakota, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Mark Williams - Soil Hydrology/Preferential Flow ImpactsJohn Blue
Soil Hydrology/Preferential Flow Impacts - Mark Williams, USDA-ARS, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Dr. John Grove - Fifty Years Of No-till Research In Kentucky
1.
2. Use of product names or labels does
not constitute endorsement by myself
or the University of Kentucky
John H. Grove
Professor, Plant and Soil Sciences Dep.
Director, University of Kentucky
Research and Education Center;
Princeton, Kentucky
3. Introduction
• No-till plant nutrition and yield?
• No-till soil properties and yield?
• Long-term research can inform us as
on a number of questions
4. Introduction
• Long-term research
– 5 years or more
• Why more valuable to us?
– Reflects what we do/who we are
• Crop production is a long-term
enterprise
– Need to ‘sample the seasons’
5. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
Soil Properties Can Drive Yield
• Over time, NT yields generally
greater
• Not due to a lack of N (or other
nutrients)
• Other soil properties dominate
7. 50
70
90
110
50 70 90 110
Average seasonal yield (bu/ac)
Treatmentyield(bu/ac)
TILL
NO-TILL
130
160
190
220
130 160 190 220
Average seasonal yield (bu/ac)
Treatmentyield(bu/ac)
TILL
NO-TILL
Wheat Corn
Corn generally likes no-tillage:
Wheat doesn’t always
average seasonal yield (bu/ac) average seasonal yield (bu/ac)
8. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
NT Soil Physics
• A. Generally cooler – all year long
• B. Generally wetter – after every rain
• A + B = C--> Generally higher heat
capacity (takes more energy, sunlight,
time to raise soil temperature 1 oF)
• D. Higher bulk density(?)
• B + D = E--> Generally lower oxygen (O2),
higher carbon dioxide (CO2) levels
9. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
Does Periodic Tillage (Once Every
Two Years) Influence Crop Yield?
Yes, but depends on the crop.
Seasonal yield responses - by crop
Till > NT Till = NT Till < NT
Wheat 4/10 5/10 1/10
DC Soybean 1/9 7/9 1/9
Corn 0/8 4/8 4/8
10. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
Pore Size Distribution
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Tension (MPa)
SWC(gg
-1
).
No Till
Till
Pore diameter (mm)
30 3 0.3 0.03 0.003 0.0003
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Tension (MPa)
SoilWaterContent(gg
-1
).`.
No Till
Till
11. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
Both have porosity, but which has structure?
Structure = functional utility.
Which better resists erosion? Compressive forces?
Chemical analysis would find no differences.
Structure adds value not measured by chemistry.
16. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
Stratification of Mehlich III P
Average (both) = 20 ppm STP
17. Corn K Nutrition & Stratification
Blevins et al. (1986)
The vertical distribution of soil test K and K uptake by corn grown in two
tillage systems.
increment
soil test K
interval
soil test K
corn
K uptake
depth
increment
no-till
(NT)
plowed
(MP)
depth
interval
no-till
(NT)
plowed
(MP)
ratio
NT/MP year
ratio
NT/MP
inches ppm inches ppm
0 to 2 170 132 0 to 2 170 132 1.29 1980 1.35
2 to 6 104 113 0 to 6 126 119 1.06 1981 1.25
6 to 12 86 95 0 to 12 105 107 0.99 average 1.30
18. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
Corn Yield Response to P Availability and Stratification
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 5 10 15 20 25
Average Soil Test P (lb/acre)
Yield(bu/acre)
stratified
not stratified
19. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
LS HS
GrainYield(bu/acre)
S0 S1
39.5
43.7
45.7
43.5
Soybean response to No (S0) or Yes (S1)
Starter P at Low (LS) or High (HS) P
Stratification
20. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
P Applied-Removal and Soil Test P at 92 P2O5/acre
0
50
100
150
200
250
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
SoilP(lbP/acre)
Soil Test P 0 to 3
Soil Test P 3 to 6
Cumulative P Applied
Cumulative P Removed
8.2 lb P2O5/lb STP
Soil P Dynamics @ 92 lb P2O5/A
92 lb P2O5/A
= 40 lb P/A
Fertilizer P applied once every two years (ahead of corn planting).
21. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
The lb P2O5/A
required to change
MIII soil test P
(STP) by 1 lb/A – as
related to the initial
soil test P level –
after an 8 week lab
incubation of mixed
(tilled) soil.
Thom and Dollarhide, 1987
12 lb P2O5 per lb
STP => 30% lower
fixation in NT soil
25. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
Nitrogen
Avoiding Losses: Immobilization,
Leaching, Denitrification,
Volatilization
26. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
NT’s Soil Nitrogen Biology
• Larger biological community; more
stratified;
• Shift towards more anaerobic, less
aerobic (less oxidative, more reductive)
• Slower aggregate turnover
• Faster N immobilization, denitrification,
volatilization; slower N mineralization,
nitrification
28. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
N Grain
N Rate Yield
Source lb N/A bu/A
control 0 116d
UAN 80 189c
UAN + Instinct 80 204bc
UAN 120 218b
UAN + Instinct 120 241a
Corn Yield - 2009
Schwab
29. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
Take-Home on N
Inhibitors/Stabilizers
• Inhibitors are needed on some fields in
all years; more fields in some years
• Know the field, know the situation, know
the season
• There are alternatives (placement,
split/delayed application) to the N
inhibitors, enhancers – may be cheaper,
doable (or not)
30. Soil C and N:
How Much Difference Due To
Tillage And Fertilizer N?
31. Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences
Corn Yield to Applied & Residual N
from Organic Matter and Tillage
32. Objectives
• Examine the role of fertilizer N in
SOC accumulation/loss.
• Understand the SOC status of
managed cropland relative to
unmanaged grassland.
• Determine the role of tillage in SOC
accumulation/loss, especially at depth.
34. Long-Term Tillage-N Trial
• Continuous corn, with a winter cereal
cover crop.
• Initiated in spring 1970 into a bluegrass
(Poa pratensis L.) pasture.
• No-till (NT) and moldboard plow (MP)
tillage, with 0, 75, 150 and 300 lb N/A
as 34-0-0.
• Deep, well-drained Maury silt loam near
Lexington, KY
35. Design and Execution
• Soil sampled 0, 150 and 300 lb N/A
rate treatments, in both no-till (NT)
and moldboard plow (MP) tillage
treatments, in April, 2008.
• Took 3 cores per plot, to a depth of 1
m, in 10 cm (4 inch) increments.
• Determined soil bulk density (BD), total
N (TN) and organic carbon (SOC).
• Soil sampled nearby sod at 4 corner
locations.
38. Tillage, N and SOC
• At all N rates, MP resulted in greater
SOC uniformity throughout upper 30
cm and a pronounced SOC ‘bulge’ at 30
to 40 cm.
• NT profile SOC distribution similar to
that for the grass sod.
• Relative to the unfertilized grass sod,
unfertilized crop land SOC differences
(25% less) were confined to the
surface 50 cm of both MP and NT soils.
41. Tillage, N and SOC
• Without added N, SOC change due to
agroecosystem change (grassland sod to
continuous corn) was not affected by
tillage, falling equally low.
• MP tillage is a major oxidative force,
especially at greater N rates that
would otherwise promote greater SOC
retention. Greater N gives ‘opportunity’
for SOC formation with cover crop/NT.
43. Long-Term Tillage-N Trial
• Continuous corn, with a winter cereal
cover crop, for 50 yr (1970 to 2019).
• Initiated in spring 1970 into a bluegrass
(Poa pratensis L.) pasture.
• No-till (NT) and moldboard plow (MP)
tillage, with 0, 75, 150 and 300 lb N/A
as 34-0-0.
• Deep, well-drained Maury silt loam near
Lexington, KY
45. 50-Year Trial Execution
• Tillage and burn-down herbicide
treatments imposed middle April.
– Moldboard plowed 8 to 10 inches deep 1-2
weeks prior to planting
– Disk harrowed 3 t 4 inches deep
• Corn planted late April to mid-May.
• Ammonium nitrate applied within a week
of planting.
46. 50-Year Trial Execution
• Weed control:
– burndown + pre-emerge
– post-emerge (usually twice)
• Fungicide & Insecticide – seed
treatment only
• Hand harvested late September to early
October.
• Winter cereal (rye, wheat, triticale)
cover crop established post-harvest
47. Introduction
We do long-term
experiments, not just
because we expect there to
be a simple effect of time,
but because we think there
might be an interaction
between time and one or
more treatments or
treatment combinations.
48. Introduction
The impact of time has random and
non-random components:
Continuous application of
input/treatment
One application of fertilizer N each
year; one tillage sequence per year
‘Seasonality’ of crop response
In rainfed agriculture, crop response
to N varies with moisture
availability/stress
49. Assumptions, Going Forward
Other management changes captured ‘over time’:
cultivar selection
row spacing and plant population
planting date
herbicide selection
rye establishment method
pH/nutrient management.
50 years adequately represents the “population”
of seasons.
Average annual experiment yield (annual grand
mean) adequately represents “seasonal quality”.
51. Partitioning the Variability in
50 yr of Corn Grain Yield
Source of variance
Proportion of
total variance %
Probability of a
greater F value
year 42.44 < 0.0001
block 0.85 <0.0001
tillage 0.36 <0.0001
year*tillage 2.36 < 0.0001
N rate 33.76 < 0.0001
year*N rate 12.74 < 0.0001
tillage*N rate 0.05 0.0036
year*tillage*N rate 1.33 < 0.0001
McIntosh (1983) Agron. J. 75:153
67. Conclusions
• Character of the tillage by N rate
interaction on corn yield profoundly
changed with time.
• NT corn environment more favorable for
improved yield potential with better
genetics and management – more water.