Management and challenges of dealing with swine influenza - Dr. Dyneah Classen, Carthage Veterinary Service, Ltd., from the 2013 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 14-17, 2013, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-leman-swine-conference-material

1. Surveillance, Management and
Challenges of Dealing with Swine
Influenza
NPB Influenza Panel
Allen D. Leman Conference
September 16, 2013
Dyneah M. Classen, D.V.M.
Joseph F. Connor, D.V.M., M.S.
Carthage Veterinary Service, Ltd.
PO Box 220
Carthage, IL 62321

2. Overview
• Historical system review
• System strategies
• Summary
2

3. 3

4. Surveillance
Multiplier herd
On farm isolation
• SIV testing should be
part of standard
monthly testing
• Sow farm
• Rope sample or nasal
swab prior to releasing
• Serology
– Nasal swab wean pigs
• Multiplication
grow/finish
– Rope sampling or nasal
swab
4

5. Surveillance
• Know status of replacement gilts
• Little point in spending $ on endemic SIV if
source herd is positive
5

6. SIV
SIV
6

7. 7

8. Swine Influenza
# of Cases
H1N2
2004
H1N1
H3N2
2
2005
2006
3
1
2
2007
1
7
3
2008
2
16
2
2009
1
13
1
2010
18
7
2011
26
8
9
2012
48
10
9
2013
2

9. 1. H1N2 Delta 1
Reference
Strains
2. H1N1 Gamma
pH1N1 - Discontinue
vaccination
Reference
Strains
3. H3N2 Cluster IV
4. H3N2 Cluster IV

10. Changes Made based on Surveillance
• Change vaccine
• Mass vaccinate the sow farm
• GDU
– 4 vaccinations prebreed
– 8-12 week GDU closure
• Piglets
– Prefarrow vaccine
– Intranasal vaccine
12

11. Endemic SIV
• Sows
– Abortion
– Farrowing Difficulty
• Suckling pig
–
–
–
–
Pre-weaning mortality
Reject pigs at weaning
Weaning weight
Medication cost
• Post weaning
–
–
–
–
Mortality
FCR
ADG
Medication cost
13

12. Control Strategies
• Mass vaccination of the sow herd and gilt
developer following a clinical outbreak.
– Repeated twice 4 weeks apart.
• Commercial or Autogenous Influenza Vaccine.
14

13. Follow up testing post vaccination
• Starting 2 weeks after 2st vaccination is completed
• The repeated every 2 weeks
– 10 nasal swabs from due to wean piglets
• Sample 5 pigs per swab.
– 7 oral fluid (rope) samples from the GDU
• Hang one rope per lot
• The rope should be shared between two pens of the same lot.
• Label the tubes with the lot number.
• Any clinical signs of flu in the sows or gilts in an off test
week will be tested.
– The farms should contact the PM and vet team if clinical
signs develop
• i.e. off feed sows, deep barking cough, nasal discharge, lethargy
15

14. Vaccine Performance Analysis
Oral Fluids Tests – Replacement Gilts
Farm Code
Test
Vaccine
41
43
45
47
49
51
Q
Oral Fluid
Newport H1N2
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
A
Oral Fluid
Newport H1N2
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
E
Oral Fluid
Newport H1N2
0%
17%
14%
29%
14%
14%
J
Oral Fluid
Newport H1N2
0%
0%
0%
40%
0%
0%
S
Oral Fluid
Newport H1N2
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
R
Oral Fluid
Sirrah H1N2
17%
0%
17%
14%
0%
0%
P
Oral Fluid
Sirrah H1N2
0%
0%
0%
13%
0%
F
Oral Fluid
Sirrah H1N2
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
B
Oral Fluid
Sirrah H1N2
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
14%
K
Oral Fluid
Sirrah Quadvalent
14%
14%
17%
0%
0%
O
Oral Fluid
FluSure™ XP
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
H
Oral Fluid
FluSure™ XP
0%
14%
0%
0%
0%
0%
T
Oral Fluid
FluSure™ XP
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
N
Oral Fluid
FluSure™ XP
0%
0%
0
0%
0%
0%
M
Oral Fluid
FluSure™ XP
0%
0%
17%
29%
0%
0%
D
Oral Fluid
FluSure™ XP
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
W
Oral Fluid
FluSure™ XP Startup
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
U
Oral Fluid
FluSure™ XP Startup
0%
0%
0%
17%
C
Oral Fluid
No Mass Vacc
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
L
Oral Fluid
No Mass Vacc
0%
0%
0%
86%
0%
0%
Positive
Negative
16

15. Vaccine Performance Analysis
Nasal Swab Tests – Suckling Pigs
Farm Code
Test
Vaccine
41
43
45
47
49
51
Q
Nasal Swab
Newport H1N2
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
A
Nasal Swab
Newport H1N2
0%
40%
0%
0%
0%
0%
E
Nasal Swab
Newport H1N2
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
J
Nasal Swab
Newport H1N2
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
S
Nasal Swab
Newport H1N2
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
R
Nasal Swab
Sirrah H1N2
20%
0%
0%
0%
10%
0%
P
Nasal Swab
Sirrah H1N2
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
F
Nasal Swab
Sirrah H1N2
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
B
Nasal Swab
Sirrah H1N2
0%
25%
30%
30%
70%
0%
K
Nasal Swab
Sirrah Quadvalent
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
O
Nasal Swab
FluSure™ XP
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
H
Nasal Swab
FluSure™ XP
0%
0%
60%
20%
90%
78%
T
Nasal Swab
FluSure™ XP
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
N
Nasal Swab
FluSure™ XP
0%
0%
0%
10%
0%
M
Nasal Swab
FluSure™ XP
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
D
Nasal Swab
FluSure™ XP
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
W
Oral Fluid
FluSure™ XP Startup
no piglets to test during this time
U
Oral Fluid
FluSure™ XP Startup
no piglets to test during this time
C
Nasal Swab
No Mass Vacc
0%
0%
0%
0%
L
Nasal Swab
No Mass Vacc
20%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Positive
Negative
17

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17. Flu Vaccination of Employees
Policy: The movement of both workers and visitors in and out of swine farms will be governed
by the following rules that are consistent with the recommendations of the CDC to reduce the
risk of spreading both seasonal and pandemic Influenza between people and from people to
pigs.
•Workers are to be alert to symptoms of influenza-like illness.
–
–
Symptoms of influenza include fever or chills and cough or sore throat. In addition, Symptoms of flu
can include runny nose, body aches, headache, tiredness, diarrhea, or vomiting.
Fever is usually described as 100 F. (37.8 ̊C) or greater.
̊
•For the protection of co-worker and livestock herd health, employees exhibiting flulike symptoms should notify their supervisor and remain home if they are ill.
–
Human Resource policies are currently in place to address sick leave.
•Employees exhibiting flu-like symptoms are encouraged to seek medical attention.
•Consistent with CDC guidelines, the policy is that employees with influenza-like illness
remain at home until at least 24 hours after they are free of fever (100 F or greater),
̊
or signs of fever, without the use of fever-reducing medications.
19

18. Flu Vaccination of Employees
•
•
•
•
Employees who are well but who have an ill family member at home with
influenza can go to work as usual.
Employees who appear to have influenza-like illness upon arrival at work or
become ill during the day will be sent home until at least 24 hours after they are
free of fever, or signs of fever, without the use of fever-reducing medications.
Employees exposed to a sick co-worker should monitor themselves for symptoms
of influenza-like illness and stay home if they are sick.
Employees are strongly encouraged to get vaccinated for seasonal influenza.
– Please consult your health care provider for guidance
• The company provides season influenza vaccines at no cost to the
farm employee
20

19. Flu Vaccination of Employees
• Flu Shots Administered at the Farm
Year
Total
Vaccination Employees
%
2008
97
264
36.70%
2009*
125
277
45.10%
2010
60
275
21.80%
2011
67
273
24.50%
2012^
122
315
38.70%
*April 2009 was the date the policy for Swine Influenza was implemented here.
^ Did not administered flu shots at the farm due to PRRS outbreaks
– Employees when to local health departments.
– Called farms and spoke to English and Spanish speaking employees
21

20. Are there other viruses moving
between people and pigs?
• ILI displayed in farrowing house piglets and
post weaning
– Sneeze
– Mild cough
– Slow starting, fallout
• lots of treatments
– Low mortality

21. • Diagnostics
– SIV negative, PRRS negative
– Variably culture HPS, S. suis, Pasteurella
• No other clinical signs typical of those pathogens
• No isolation of bacteria systemically
– Histopathology
• Tracheitis and bronchiolitis, multifocal
and severe, lymphocytic

22. Parainfluenza Virus
• Suspected viral pathogen
– Iowa State
• Drs. Yoon and Madson – Iowa State
• Tested samples by pan-paramyxoviridae PCR – positive
– Sequencing – Parainfluenza virus – type 1
– Parainfluenza
• Paramyxovirus
• Common cause of upper and lower respiratory illness
in humans
• Fever, runny nose, cough
• hPIV 1 – causes the “croup”

23. Parainfluenza virus
• Swine History
– sPIV – type 3 (Qiao, et al. Journal of Virology. Jan 2010)
• 1981 (TX) and 1992 (ISU) paramyxoviruses isolated
from brains of pigs
• Sequenced as parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3)
– Origin suspected to be bovine PIV-3
– sPIV – type 1 (Lau, et al. JVG VIR. 2013)
• pPIV 1 isolated from 3.1% of nasal swabs of pigs at
slaughter
• Most similar to type 1 human strain - ~76%

24. Parainfluenza virus
• Many questions
– Is it a real pathogen – fulfills Koch’s postulates
– What percentage of herds are infected – commensal
– Does it maintain itself in the population
– What is origin – is their interspecies transmission

25. Summary
• Surveillance of the Breed to Wean herd is
important in understanding which influenza virus
the farm has.
• Mass vaccination 2x in the Breed to Wean for
outbreaks and endemic SIV.
• Make influenza vaccinations available to farm
employees.
• Aggressive surveillance of SIV to understand
zoonotic potential
– ILI (parainfluenza)
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