Newcastle Disease is caused by a paramyxovirus that infects the respiratory and intestinal tracts of chickens. It spreads to other organs via the bloodstream, causing infection of the lungs, intestines, and central nervous system. Clinical signs include respiratory symptoms, nervous signs, digestive issues, and sudden death. Gross lesions include hemorrhages in multiple organs, tracheitis, diphtheritic inflammation of the throat and esophagus, necrosis of lymphoid tissues, and congestion in organs like the liver and lungs. Histopathological examination reveals epithelial necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, neuronal degeneration, and lymphoid tissue destruction in affected organs.

1. Newcastle Disease
Gross And Histo-pathological Lesions

2. Newcastle Disease (ND)
Paramyxoviridea
APMV-1
characterized in chickens by high mortality, nervous
signs and haemorrhagic and necrotic lesions in the
gut mucosa.
Lentogenic, Mesogenic and Valogenic strains.

3. ND Virus

4. Transmission

5. Reports of NDV
OIE 1997-2000

6. Pathogenesis
The virus replicates in the mucosa of the upper
respiratory and intestinal tracts.
Virus spreads via blood to spleen and bone marrow
(viremia) causing infection of other organs: lung
,intestines & C.N.S.

7. Clinical Signs and Symptoms
Respiratory symptoms.
Nervous signs.
Digestive symptoms.
Drop in egg production with thin, rough-shelled eggs.
Swelling of tissues around eyes and in the neck.
Sudden death.
In human;(Mild conjunctivitis, influenza-like symptoms and
laryngitis).

8. Turning of head

9. Turning of head

10. Haemorrhages
(E) and neuron
degeneration,
lesions observed
in other organs
included, air
sacculitis and
pneumonia.

11. Conjuctival
Haemorrhages

12. Conjuctival
Haemorrhages

13. Facial edema

14. Severe tracheitis

15. M is control while N and O: dropout and necrosis of
mucous epithelial cells in the trachea (black arrow)

16. Diphtheritic Oro-
pharyngo-
esophagitis

17. Lungs

18. P is control while Q and R: congestion and haemorrhage in the lung

19. Proventricular Haemorrhages

20. Proventricular Haemorrhages

21. Pin point
haemorrhages in
Proventriculous

22. D is control while E and F: dropout and necrosis of the mucosal
epithelia in the proventriculus (black arrow)

23. Necrosis and
haemorrhage of
small intestinal
lymphoid patches
(Peyer’s patches).

24. Intestinal
Haemorrhages

25. Intestines focal
ulceration

26. G is control while H and I: dropout of epithelium and numerous
inflammatory cell infiltration in the small intestine (black arrow)

27. Intestinal Lesions
Cecal tonsils necrosis Small intestine heamorrhages

28. the haemorrhages
and congestion in
the mucosa of
The cecal tonsils as
indicated by the
arrows, C-1 and C-
2, necrosis and
sloughing off of
the lymphoid
tissues (D)

29. Liver Congestion

30. The peri- vascular
lymphocytic
infiltration (N-1 &
N-2) and
congestion (O) in
liver of a chicken
that had ND.

31. Enlarged, mottled
spleen with
pinpoint areas of
necrosis.

32. Spleen

33. Spleen

34. The necrosis and
lymphocytes
degeneration in
the spleen,
nuclear pyknosis
(K-I & K-2) and
macrophages
infiltration in the
spleen tissue (J)

35. A is control while B and C: amalgamation of collapsed cell and inflammatory
exudates created the homogeneous and pink-staining appearance in the white
pulps of spleens (black arrow)

36. Bursa

37. Embryo- Body as
a whole: Severe
acute
hemorrhage and
congestion

38. S is control while T and U: venous congestion in the
cerebrum (black arrow)

39. References
Anandan Paldurai et al. Journal of Virology. 2014;88:8579-8596
A thesis on LESIONS AND PREVALENCE OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE IN CHICKEN
PRESENTED FOR NECROPSY AT FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE,
MAKERERE UNIVERSITY by Afayoa Mathias.
Avian Disease Manual by AAAP 7th Edition
Diseases of Poultry by David E. Swayne 13th Edition
A presentation by Dennis A. Senne from U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames,
IA 50010
http://partnersah.vet.cornell.edu/avian-atlas/#/disease/Newcastle_Disease

40. Cont.….
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC3176290_pone.0025000.g003&req=4#
http://www.thepoultrysite.com/publications/6/diseases-of-poultry/199/newcastle-disease/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3176290/
 Zhang S, Wang X, Zhao C, Liu D, Hu Y, et al. (2011) Phylogenetic and Pathotypical Analysis of Two
Virulent Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated from Domestic Ducks in China. PLoS ONE 6(9):
e25000. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025000

41. Author’s contact
Dr. Aamir Farooq
M. Phil. Pathology
dr.aamrifarooq@hotmail.com
Contact cell number:
+92-334-6801514