Animal Testing: Rationale for conducting studies, CPCSEA Guidelines
The use of animals in research is currently an essential component of the drug discovery process.
Animals help us advance our scientific understanding, serve as models to study disease, help us develop and test potential new medicines and therapies.
Animal testing has benefited researchers in understanding how to treat and prevent various conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, tuberculosis, polio, muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson's disease.
Education:
Undergraduate teaching to demonstrate effects of various drugs although this has been phased out in most institutes.
Postgraduate teaching to demonstrate the effects of various drugs, to determine the nature of an unknown drug for bioassay, screening methods and to learn skills e.g. administering drugs.
Research:
A larger number and a greater variety of animals are used in pure research than in applied research. This usually involves studies on embryogenesis, developmental biology, behaviour and breeding in Fruit flies, nematodes, mice and rats.
INTRODUCTION
The motto of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act 1960 as amended in 1982 is to prevent infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering on animals.
The Central Government has constituted a Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), which is duty bound to take all such measures as may be necessary to ensure that animals are not subjected to unnecessary pain or suffering before, during or after the performance of experiments on them.
The goal of these guidelines is to promote the human care of animal used in biomedical and behavioural research and testing.
To avoid/minimize pain and suffering inflicted on experimental animals
Inspection of animal house facilities
It provides guidelines for -
Proper care, housing, breeding, maintenance, handling and use of experimental animals.
Source of experimental animals
Acceptable experimental procedures for anaesthesia and euthanasia.
Registration of establishments conducting animal experimentation or breeding of animals for this purpose.
Selection and assignment of nominees for the Institutional Animal Ethics Committees (IAEC) of the registered establishments.
Approval of Animal House Facilities on the basis of reports of inspections conducted by CPCSEA.
Permission for conducting experiments involving use of animals.
Recommendation for import of animals for use in experiments.
Action against establishments in case of established violation of any legal norm/stipulation.
Conduct of Training Programmes for the Nominees of CPCSEA.
Conduct/Support of Conference/Workshop on Animal Ethics.
To assure quality maintenance and safety of animals used in laboratory studies while conducting biomedical and behavioural research and testing of products.
Quarantine
2. Personal hygiene
3. Environment
4. Physical facility
5. Animal husbandry
6. Animal disposal
7. Documentation
Modelling management strategies for vaccinated animals after an outbreak of F...EuFMD
The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), one of FAO’s oldest Commissions, came into being on the 12th June 1954, with the pledge of the sixth founding member state to the principles of a coordinated and common action against Foot-and-mouth Disease.
Animal Testing: Rationale for conducting studies, CPCSEA Guidelines
The use of animals in research is currently an essential component of the drug discovery process.
Animals help us advance our scientific understanding, serve as models to study disease, help us develop and test potential new medicines and therapies.
Animal testing has benefited researchers in understanding how to treat and prevent various conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, tuberculosis, polio, muscular dystrophy, and Parkinson's disease.
Education:
Undergraduate teaching to demonstrate effects of various drugs although this has been phased out in most institutes.
Postgraduate teaching to demonstrate the effects of various drugs, to determine the nature of an unknown drug for bioassay, screening methods and to learn skills e.g. administering drugs.
Research:
A larger number and a greater variety of animals are used in pure research than in applied research. This usually involves studies on embryogenesis, developmental biology, behaviour and breeding in Fruit flies, nematodes, mice and rats.
INTRODUCTION
The motto of Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act 1960 as amended in 1982 is to prevent infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering on animals.
The Central Government has constituted a Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), which is duty bound to take all such measures as may be necessary to ensure that animals are not subjected to unnecessary pain or suffering before, during or after the performance of experiments on them.
The goal of these guidelines is to promote the human care of animal used in biomedical and behavioural research and testing.
To avoid/minimize pain and suffering inflicted on experimental animals
Inspection of animal house facilities
It provides guidelines for -
Proper care, housing, breeding, maintenance, handling and use of experimental animals.
Source of experimental animals
Acceptable experimental procedures for anaesthesia and euthanasia.
Registration of establishments conducting animal experimentation or breeding of animals for this purpose.
Selection and assignment of nominees for the Institutional Animal Ethics Committees (IAEC) of the registered establishments.
Approval of Animal House Facilities on the basis of reports of inspections conducted by CPCSEA.
Permission for conducting experiments involving use of animals.
Recommendation for import of animals for use in experiments.
Action against establishments in case of established violation of any legal norm/stipulation.
Conduct of Training Programmes for the Nominees of CPCSEA.
Conduct/Support of Conference/Workshop on Animal Ethics.
To assure quality maintenance and safety of animals used in laboratory studies while conducting biomedical and behavioural research and testing of products.
Quarantine
2. Personal hygiene
3. Environment
4. Physical facility
5. Animal husbandry
6. Animal disposal
7. Documentation
Modelling management strategies for vaccinated animals after an outbreak of F...EuFMD
The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), one of FAO’s oldest Commissions, came into being on the 12th June 1954, with the pledge of the sixth founding member state to the principles of a coordinated and common action against Foot-and-mouth Disease.
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases dr.ihsan alsaimarydr.Ihsan alsaimary
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases
dr. ihsan alsaimary
university of basrah - college of medicine- DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
POBOX 696 ASHAR
BASRAH 42001
IRAQ
• The Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) is a statutory Committee of Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD), Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying (MoFAH&D) constituted under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960.
• CPCSEA is duty bound to take all such measures as may be necessary to ensure that animals are not subjected to unnecessary pain or suffering before, during or after performance of experiments on them.
INTRODUCTION
• For this purpose, the Committee formulated the Breeding of and Experiments on Animals (Control & Supervision) Rules, 1998 (amended in 2001 & 2006) to regulate the experimentation on animals.
• Under the provisions of the above rules, establishments who are engaged in Bio-medical research, breeding and trading of laboratory animals are required to get themselves registered with CPCSEA.
• There are 19 members in the present CPCSEA wherein Dr. O. P. Chaudhary, Joint Secretary (Animal Welfare) is the Chairman of CPCSEA and Dr. S. K. Dutta, Joint Commissioner (Animal Welfare) is the Member Secretary of CPCSEA.
Need of cpcsea
FUNCTIONS
Institutional Animals Ethics Committee (IAEC)
(a) Every experiment shall be performed by or under the supervision of a person duly qualified.
(b) That experiments are performed with due care and humanity and as far as possible experiments involving operations are performed under the influence of some anaesthetic of sufficient power to prevent the animals from feeling pain;
(c) That animals who, in the course of experiments under the influence of anaesthetics, are so injured that their recovery would involve serious suffering, are ordinarily medically allowed to death while still under influence of anaesthetic;
(d) That experiments on animals are avoided wherever it is possible to do so.
(e) That experiments on larger animals are avoided when it is possible to achieve the same results by experiments on small laboratory animals like guinea-pigs, rabbits, mice, rats etc;
(f) That, as far as possible, experiments are not performed merely for the purpose of acquiring manual skill;
(g) That animals intended for the performance of experiments are properly looked after before, during and after experiments;
(h) That suitable records are maintained with respect to experiments performed on animals
Members of iaec
• A. IAEC members from the establishment (05 members):
• i. One biological scientist
• ii. Two scientists from different biological disciplines
• iii. One veterinarian involved in the care of animal
• iv. One scientist in charge of animal facility of the establishment concerned
• B. Nominees from the CPCSEA:
• i. Main Nominee (01)
• ii. Link Nominee *
• iii. Scientist from outside the Institute (01)
• iv. Socially Aware Nominee (01)
Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC)
• Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC) is to be constituted in all centers engaged in genetic engineering researc
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases dr.ihsan alsaimarydr.Ihsan alsaimary
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases
dr. ihsan alsaimary
university of basrah - college of medicine- DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
POBOX 696 ASHAR
BASRAH 42001
IRAQ
• The Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) is a statutory Committee of Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD), Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying (MoFAH&D) constituted under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960.
• CPCSEA is duty bound to take all such measures as may be necessary to ensure that animals are not subjected to unnecessary pain or suffering before, during or after performance of experiments on them.
INTRODUCTION
• For this purpose, the Committee formulated the Breeding of and Experiments on Animals (Control & Supervision) Rules, 1998 (amended in 2001 & 2006) to regulate the experimentation on animals.
• Under the provisions of the above rules, establishments who are engaged in Bio-medical research, breeding and trading of laboratory animals are required to get themselves registered with CPCSEA.
• There are 19 members in the present CPCSEA wherein Dr. O. P. Chaudhary, Joint Secretary (Animal Welfare) is the Chairman of CPCSEA and Dr. S. K. Dutta, Joint Commissioner (Animal Welfare) is the Member Secretary of CPCSEA.
Need of cpcsea
FUNCTIONS
Institutional Animals Ethics Committee (IAEC)
(a) Every experiment shall be performed by or under the supervision of a person duly qualified.
(b) That experiments are performed with due care and humanity and as far as possible experiments involving operations are performed under the influence of some anaesthetic of sufficient power to prevent the animals from feeling pain;
(c) That animals who, in the course of experiments under the influence of anaesthetics, are so injured that their recovery would involve serious suffering, are ordinarily medically allowed to death while still under influence of anaesthetic;
(d) That experiments on animals are avoided wherever it is possible to do so.
(e) That experiments on larger animals are avoided when it is possible to achieve the same results by experiments on small laboratory animals like guinea-pigs, rabbits, mice, rats etc;
(f) That, as far as possible, experiments are not performed merely for the purpose of acquiring manual skill;
(g) That animals intended for the performance of experiments are properly looked after before, during and after experiments;
(h) That suitable records are maintained with respect to experiments performed on animals
Members of iaec
• A. IAEC members from the establishment (05 members):
• i. One biological scientist
• ii. Two scientists from different biological disciplines
• iii. One veterinarian involved in the care of animal
• iv. One scientist in charge of animal facility of the establishment concerned
• B. Nominees from the CPCSEA:
• i. Main Nominee (01)
• ii. Link Nominee *
• iii. Scientist from outside the Institute (01)
• iv. Socially Aware Nominee (01)
Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC)
• Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC) is to be constituted in all centers engaged in genetic engineering researc
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
4. UPSC PYQ’s
1) Write in detail about the collection of biological samples for lab
investigation and their procedure? (2017)
2) Disease prevention & disease-free zones ?(2015)
5. DISEASE INVESTIGATION
TECHNIQUES
Investigating an outbreak/epidemic is a set of procedures used to identify
the cause responsible for the disease, the people affected, the circumstances
and mode of spread of the disease, and other relevant factors involved in
propagating the epidemic, and to take effective actions to contain and prevent
the spread of the same.
In disease control and eradication programmes, surveillance is the key
to success. Effective surveillance is essential to insure the appropriateness
and timeliness of interventions, whether they are movement control,
treatment, vaccination or stamping out. Thus, the effectiveness of surveillance
is a major determinant of the benefit-cost equation. A multifaceted
surveillance programme is essential to ensuring the sensitivity, specificity and
timeliness of the overall surveillance activity.
6. OBJECTIVES
1) Describing & quantifying disease problems.
2) Examining associations between determinants and disease.
3) Investigative phase- implementation of series of field studies
designed to test these hypothesis.
4) Experimental phase- to test hypothesis in more detail.
5) Analytical phase- results of 3,4 are analysed & attempts to
model the information generated.
6) Intervention phase- appropriate method for control of disease
are examined under experimental conditions in the field.
7) Decision- making phase- explore various options available for
disease control strategy.
8) Monitoring phase- continuous observation of a specific disease
in a particular livestock population.
7. SURVEILLANCE
It refers to continuous observation of disease in general in number of different
livestock population
OBJECTIVE- To provide up-to-date information to disease control authorities
to assist them for planning & implementation of disease control programme.
It includes-
• Systematic data collection from a no. of different sources.
• Analysis to determine.
• Existing disease situations change in both prevalance & incidence.
• Introduction of new diseases.
• Detection of causes.
• Trace course of disease outbreaks.
8. TECHNIQUES
1) Receiving a report and collecting initial information.
2)Preparing for a field outbreak investigation- preparation of
equipment & disease information, gathering information
from stakeholders.
3)Implementing emergency control measures & biosecurity
after studying the transmission dynamics.
4)Communication & control measures.
5)Tracing cases.
6)Preparing an outbreak investigation report.
8
9. MATERIALS FOR LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
1) Investigative phase- implementation of a series of field studies
designed to test these hypothesis.
2) Intervention phase- Appropriate method for the control of the
disease are examined under experimental conditions in the field.
SAMPLES NATURALLY ELIMINATED FROM THE BODY
• Semen
• Sputum
• Stool
• Urine
• Saliva
• Secretions & tissues from the female reproductive system
• Secretions & fluids from the nose or throat.
• Samples from open wounds and sores.
10. SAMPLES FROM WITHIN -
Some samples can only be obtained by breaking through the
body’s protective coverings (eg. Skin). Blood specimens are
obtained in minimally invasive procedures conducted by
specially trained physicians, nurses, medical personnel.
Collection of Tissue specimens is a more complex process &
may require a local anaesthetic in order to obtain a specimen.
EXAMPLES-
• Blood
• Tissue biopsy
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Other body fluids
• Bone marrow
10
11. COLLECTION OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES AND LAB
INVESTIGATION
11
The protocols for sample-collection and submission are subject to
change.
Regardless of the type of submission, a detailed case history should be
included with the samples to assist lab personnel in determining a
diagnosis.
The information should include-
- owner, spp, breed, sex, age, animal identification.
- clinical signs.
- gross appearance of the lesion ( size, appearance)
- previous treatment, time of recurrence, from any previous treatment.
- morbidity/ mortality in the group.
12. 1) HEMATOLOGY –
12
• Routine studies require anticoagulated whole blood &
several blood smears.
• Anticoagulated blood should be kept refrigerated;
blood smears should not.
• EDTA- anticoagulant of choice.
• Blood for coagulation testing should be collected in a
blue top tube, containing sodium citrate.
• After mixing, the sample should be centriguged for 5
mints, plasma removed & transferred to a tube without
anticoagulant.
• Plasma to be kept frozen until time of analysis.
13. 2) CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
13
• Most clinical chemistry tests require serum, but an occasional test
requires plasma.
• For serum samples, blood should be drawn into a red top tube
/separator tube.
• The sample should be held at room temp.(20-30 mint) to allow
complete clot formation & retraction.
• The clot should be separated from glass by running an applicator
stick.
• Then centrifugation at high speed shlould be done.
• Serum should be refrigerated or frozen until analysed.
14. 3) CYTOLOGY
14
• Air- drying of smears.
• Aspirated material should always be smeared before air-
drying.
• Thick material is smeared using a SQUASH technique in
which a second glass slide is placed over the aspirated
material, then slid rapidly or smoothly down the length of lower
slide.
• Blood/ cytological smears should never be mailed to the lab in
the same package with formalin- fixed tissues because
formalin vapours will produce artifacts in the specimen.
15. 4) FLUID ANALYSIS-
15
• It includes determination of protein content & total cell count &
cytological examination.
• A sample of effusion should be collected into an EDTA tube for
routine analysis.
• A second sample should be collected in a serum tube if any
biochemical analyses are to be performed.
• Smears for cytological exam should be prepared immediately after
sample has been collected to minimize cell deterioration.
• Venous blood can be collected from dif. Sites of animal.
• In general, plasma or serum should be prepared as soon as possible
after blood collection.
16. ESTABLISHMENT OF
ANIMAL HEALTH CENTRES
The Animal Health Centres are leading, accredited full-service
veterinary labs, offering more than 400 laboratory diagnostic tests for
agents that may be found in wild and domestic birds, mammals, fish,
reptiles and amphibians.
Vision
A thriving, sustainable agricultural industry free from serious impacts
caused by pests and diseases, for the benefit of all citizens
establishing healthy human-animal relations.
Mission
To diagnose, monitor, and assist in the prevention, control and
management of animal pests and diseases in the country.
17. AIMS/ OBJECTIVES
17
For ensuring the maintenance of disease free status and to be compatible
with the standards laid by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) World
Animal Health Organization, major health schemes have been initiated to
support the animal health programmes in the states.
A full range of fee-for-service diagnostic testing, including Bacteriology,
Histopathology, Molecular Diagnostics, Necropsy, Serology and Virology are
accepted from veterinarians, livestock producers, the general public and other
government agencies.
While primarily concerned with food-producing animals, the Animal Health
Centre also provides diagnostic services for companion animals, captive
and free-ranging wildlife, zoo animals, fish, and fur-bearers and bees.
18. AIMS/
OBJECTIVE
Further, in order to control the economically important
livestock diseases and to undertake the obligatory
functions related to animal health in the country,
Central Government is implementing the following
Schemes.
Livestock Health & Disease Control (LH & DC) during
10th plan, a centrally sponsored macro-management
scheme called “Livestock Health and Disease Control”
is being implemented with an outlay of Rs 525.00
crores.
19. SERVICES OFFERED
1. Necropsy
2. Bacteriology -including receipt of fresh tissue samples
for testing.
3. Histology –submitted samples must be preserved (e.g.,
in 10% neutral buffered formalin).
4. Parasitology
5. PCR -All tests for avian pathogens, Bovine- Rotavirus,
Coronavirus, and Cryptosporidium
6. Serology – Blood, serum, and milk samples etc.
20. ASSISTANCE TO STATES
FOR CONTROL OF ANIMAL
DISEASES
▪ Under this component, assistance is provided to State/Union
Territory Governments for control of economically important
diseases of livestock and poultry by way of immunization,
strengthening of existing State Veterinary Biological Production
Units, strengthening of existing State.
▪ Disease Diagnostic Laboratories, holding workshops/seminars and
in-service training to Veterinarians and Para-veterinarians. The
programme is being implemented on 75:25 sharing basis between
the centre and the states however, 100 % assistance is provided for
training and seminar/workshops. The states are at liberty to choose
the diseases for immunization as per the prevalence and importance
the disease in their state/region.
▪ Besides this, the programmes envisage collection of information on
the incidence of various livestock and poultry diseases from States
and Union Territories and compile the same for the whole country.
The 10th plan allocation for this scheme is Rs 255.00 crores
21. DIRECTORATE OF ANIMAL
HEALTH
This is a Central Sector Scheme having following components:
1) Animal Quarantine and Certification Services (AQCS):While
efforts have been made to ensure better livestock health in the
country, simultaneous efforts are equally necessary to prevent entry
of any disease from outside into the country through import of
livestock and livestock products
2) With this objective in view, four Animal Quarantine and Certification
Service Stations one each at Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi and Chennai
have been established.
22. DIRECTORATE OF
ANIMAL HEALTH
These Stations are equipped to deal with all imports coming into the
country.
Objectives:
1. To strengthen Animal Quarantine and Certification Services.
2. To develop and implement Animal Quarantine and Certification
procedures so as to prevent entry of exotic animal diseases in the
country.
3. To test or arrange to test samples taken from consignment of
livestock and livestock products meant for import and export with
facilities for pre-export and post-import quarantining of all types of
livestock.
23. DISEASE DIAGNOSTICS LAB
In order to provide referral diagnostic services one Central and
five Regional Disease Diagnostic Laboratories have been
setup/strengthened by the Central Government.
The Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis
(CADRAD) of IVRI, Izatnagar is working as the Central
Laboratory. The Regional Laboratories are located at Kolkata
(Eastern), Pune (Western), Jallandhar (Northern), Bangalore
(Southern) and Guwahati (North-eastern). The networking of
these laboratories with other laboratories of the State
Governments, ICAR and Universities have been initiated for
better coordination and efficient disease diagnosis, monitoring
&reporting.
24. OBJECTIVES
1. Provide referral services for diagnosing various animal diseases.
2. Networking of these referral laboratories with the ICAR, University
and State laboratories to support their programmes on disease
diagnosis.
3. Study the problems of emerging diseases of animals.
4. Undertake surveillance against emerging and exotic infections
threatening the country.