Lecture notes for diploma students (Animal Science)

1. འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འཛིན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་ྲྭ།
སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
དློག་ཏྲར་་་འཇིགས་འབྡེལ་རློ་རྡེ།
རང་འབྱུང་འཐློན་བསྡེད་མཐློ་རིམ་སློབ་ྲྭ། སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རློང་ཁག།
ལློད་སྦུད་ས།
Ovariohysterectomy in Bitch

2. Ovariohysterectomy
 Surgical removal of both Ovaries and Uterus

3. Indication of Ovariohysterectomy
1.Birth control Programme
2.Neoplasm involving ovary and uterus
3.Ovarian cyst
4.Uterine diseases (Pyometra, metritis, chronic
endometrial hyperplasia, Prolapse)
5.Minimize the risk of mammary gland tumors
6. Vaginal edema
7. Prevention of hormonal changes that interferes
with therapy for dermatitis, diabetes or Epilepsy.

4. Pre-anesthesia/Premedication
• Sedation, Muscle relaxation, Analgesia
• Reduce autonomic reflex response
• Smooth induction and recovery
• Reduce airway and salivary secretions
• Reduce gastric fluid volume and acidity
• Suppress/prevent vomiting/regurgitation
• Reduce anesthetic requirements

5. Drugs commonly used.
 Atropine (0.04mg/kg)
 Xylazine (1 mg/kg)
 Ketamine (5mg/kg IV, 11mg/kg IM)
 Diazepam (Dog /cat 0.1-0.5 mg /kg)
 Patient preparation should be done once preanesthics
have been given
 Dose of the induction agent will reduce if preanestetic is given

6. Step 1
Calculate the drug doses on case paper prior
starting of anesthesia
Step 2
Inject Xylazine and atropine and wait for 10
mins
Step 3
After 10 mins inject ketamine (Induction)
Anesthetic Procedure/Protocol

7. Calculation of Drug dose
Volume of Drug to be given (in ml) =
𝐷𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑔/𝑘𝑔×𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑔/𝑚𝑙
 Concentration of the drug is always mentioned on
the vial while drug dose rate should be known.
 If the concentration of the drug is in % (Eg 20%),
always change to mg/ml using following unitary
method.
100%= 1000mg/ml

8. Equipment Required for Ovariohysterectomy.
1. Spay pack containing sterilized gauze at least 10
2. A Spay hook
3. At least 3 to 4 curved artery forceps
4. A scissor
5. A thumb forceps (Rat toothed)
6. A needle holder
7. Needle
8. Suture (vicryl, catgut, silk)
9. Towel clamp
10. A Shroud etc.
11. Scalpel blade handle
All these equipment should be thoroughly sterilized

9. Surgical Technique
Approach:
 Midline incision on the linea alba. 1 or 2 inch
distal to umbilicus depending on the age of
the patient.
 Surgeons position should be on the right for
OH & on the left if Castration with respect
to patient.

10. Surgical Technique:
1. Using sterile scalpel blade, make a clean
continuous incision on the skin linea alba (5 cm
approx. distal to Umbilicus).
2. Blunt dissect with artery forceps to
expose subcutaneous tissues and muscles.
3. Give a stab incision on the muscle making
sure not to stab the underlying organs.

11. 4. Blunt dissect the muscle with artery forceps to
expose white glistening peritoneum.
5. With a thumb forceps, lift the peritoneum and give a
stab incision to it with a scalpel blade.
6. Extend the incision hole with scalpel blade to the
size of skin incision length.
7.Always follow the tenets of Halsted.
8. Locate the left uterine horn with the help of spay
hook focusing on the left abdominal wall.

12. 9. Exteriorize the uterine horn and clamp below the
ovarian pedicle with two curved artery forceps.
10. To facilitate clamping, pierce the broad ligament
where no vessels are present.
11.Break the suspensory ligament with the help of
thumb and fore finger without pulling forcefully.
12. Ligate the