Dip coating process.pdf
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Dip coating involves immersing a substrate in a coating material tank, removing it, and allowing the coated substrate to drain and dry. The process has three stages: immersion, dwell time to allow coating application, and controlled-speed withdrawal where faster speeds produce thicker coatings. Film thickness is controlled by viscosity and withdrawal rate. Dip coating is used for applications like windows, optics, and thin film coatings.
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Dip coating is a process used to prepare porous ceramic membranes by immersing a substrate into a precursor solution, removing it, and allowing the coating to dry. It is an old commercially applied coating technique dating back to a 1939 patent. Key steps to forming defect-free membranes include using a homogeneous support, cleaning the substrate, sufficiently deaerating the solution, avoiding thick coatings, and keeping the environment particle-free. The dip coating process involves three stages: immersion for wetting, deposition and drainage as the substrate is withdrawn, and evaporation of the solvent to form the dried coating layer. Withdrawal speed and other forces determine the thickness of the coated layer.
Sheet Moulding Compounds
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Sheet Moulding Compounds
Sheet molding compound (SMC) is a composite material made of long glass fibers, minerals, and thermosetting resin formed into a malleable sheet. SMC contains 10-60% glass fiber reinforcement that is longer than in bulk molding compound, between 1/2-1 inch. To make SMC, a resin-coated film is layered with chopped fiber strands and pressed between rollers to embed the fibers. The layered sandwich cures while wound, then the film is removed and SMC is molded. SMC offers high strength, corrosion resistance, and electrical insulation for uses like electrical parts housings and medical and dental equipment.
Diffusion bonding
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I hope this presentation helpful for you.
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Please like, share, comment and follow.
stay connected
If any query then contact:
chaudharypreeti1997@gmail.com
Thanking-You
Preeti Choudhary
Solid State Sintering Fundamentals
The document summarizes key concepts in solid-state sintering including:
1) Sintering involves forming solid bonds between particles through heating without melting. Mass transport mechanisms like surface diffusion, grain boundary diffusion and plastic flow cause densification and coarsening.
2) Sintering progresses through initial, intermediate and final stages characterized by neck growth, pore rounding and grain growth respectively.
3) The dominant mass transport mechanisms depend on factors like temperature, particle size and material properties, and influence the rate of densification and grain growth.
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Martensitic transformations are diffusionless, solid-state structural changes driven by shear displacements. They occur rapidly in many metal, ceramic, and polymer systems. Important examples include the transformation of austenite to martensite in steels during quenching, and the shape memory effect exploited in medical devices like stents. The Bain model originally proposed the mechanism as a combination of homogeneous lattice deformation and atomic shuffles, but has inconsistencies. Modern understanding involves dislocation or shear-based mechanisms constrained by the crystallography of the parent and product phases.
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Three key phase transformations discussed in the document are the transformation of austenite to pearlite or bainite in steels through diffusion-dependent or diffusionless processes, the transformation of austenite to martensite through rapid cooling, and shape memory effects seen in alloys like nickel-titanium.
The properties of the material, like its strength and hardness, depend on the microstructure resulting from the phase transformation, such as pearlite, bainite, or martensite, which can be controlled through heat
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The document discusses dip coating and electrodeposition processes. It describes dip coating as a process where a substrate is immersed in a coating material tank, removed, and allowed to dry. The dip coating process has three stages: immersion, dwell time, and withdrawal. Film thickness is controlled by withdrawal speed and viscosity. Electrodeposition coats one metal onto another to modify surface properties like corrosion resistance. It can deposit thin layers with precision and is well-suited for nano- and microtechnologies. Both dip coating and electrodeposition are used for applications like solar panels, electronics, jewelry, and automotive and mechanical parts.
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The document summarizes key concepts in solid-state sintering including:
1) Sintering involves forming solid bonds between particles through heating without melting. Mass transport mechanisms like surface diffusion, grain boundary diffusion and plastic flow cause densification and coarsening.
2) Sintering progresses through initial, intermediate and final stages characterized by neck growth, pore rounding and grain growth respectively.
3) The dominant mass transport mechanisms depend on factors like temperature, particle size and material properties. Data analysis of sintering kinetics helps determine the controlling mechanisms.
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I hope this presentation helpful for you.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/preeti-choudhary-266414182/
https://www.instagram.com/chaudharypreeti1997/
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100013419194533
https://twitter.com/preetic27018281
Please like, share, comment and follow.
stay connected
If any query then contact:
chaudharypreeti1997@gmail.com
Thanking-You
Preeti Choudhary
Solid State Sintering Fundamentals
The document summarizes key concepts in solid-state sintering including:
1) Sintering involves forming solid bonds between particles through heating without melting. Mass transport mechanisms like surface diffusion, grain boundary diffusion and plastic flow cause densification and coarsening.
2) Sintering progresses through initial, intermediate and final stages characterized by neck growth, pore rounding and grain growth respectively.
3) The dominant mass transport mechanisms depend on factors like temperature, particle size and material properties, and influence the rate of densification and grain growth.
Transformation of martensite
Martensitic transformations are diffusionless, solid-state structural changes driven by shear displacements. They occur rapidly in many metal, ceramic, and polymer systems. Important examples include the transformation of austenite to martensite in steels during quenching, and the shape memory effect exploited in medical devices like stents. The Bain model originally proposed the mechanism as a combination of homogeneous lattice deformation and atomic shuffles, but has inconsistencies. Modern understanding involves dislocation or shear-based mechanisms constrained by the crystallography of the parent and product phases.
Phase transformation (Material Science)
Phase transformations can occur in materials through changes in temperature, composition, or external pressure. These transformations involve changes in the crystal structure or phases of the material on an atomic scale.
Three key phase transformations discussed in the document are the transformation of austenite to pearlite or bainite in steels through diffusion-dependent or diffusionless processes, the transformation of austenite to martensite through rapid cooling, and shape memory effects seen in alloys like nickel-titanium.
The properties of the material, like its strength and hardness, depend on the microstructure resulting from the phase transformation, such as pearlite, bainite, or martensite, which can be controlled through heat
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Introduction to ceramic materials & their processing
This document discusses different types of ceramic materials and their processing methods. It describes traditional ceramics which are made from natural minerals like clay and new ceramics which are synthetically produced. The key steps in processing ceramics are preparing powder raw materials, shaping using methods like slip casting or pressing, drying to remove water, and firing to sinter the materials. New ceramics require more controlled starting powders and use additional shaping techniques from powder metallurgy like injection molding before sintering. The document provides details on the characteristics and processing steps for different ceramic types.
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Self-healing materials are smart materials that can intrinsically repair damage leading to longer lifetimes, reduction of inefficiency caused by degradation and material failure.
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The document discusses different types of ceramic materials and their manufacturing processes. It describes three basic types of ceramics - traditional ceramics used for clay products, new ceramics with superior properties, and glasses based on silica. It also explains various shaping processes for ceramics like slip casting, plastic forming, semi-dry pressing and dry pressing based on the water content in clay mixtures. Drying and firing processes are also summarized to provide strength and hardness to ceramic parts.
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The document discusses various crystal growth techniques including Czochralski (CZ), float zone, and Bridgman techniques. It describes the limitations of the CZ method including impurities introduced from the quartz crucible. The float zone technique produces very pure silicon crystals but allows for smaller wafer sizes. The Bridgman technique employs a temperature gradient to slowly cool a melt contained in a crucible to produce a single crystal ingot.
Martensitic stainless steel
Martensitic stainless steels contain between 15-25% chromium and are characterized by their high hardness. They can achieve a hardness of up to 700 Brinell after quenching, which causes a diffusionless transformation that forms martensite crystals. Common applications include kitchen equipment, sinks, automotive components, and springs.
Sol-Gel coating
- Sol-gel coating was applied to stainless steel to improve its wear resistance. Alumina was deposited on AISI 304 stainless steel via dip coating and heat treatment.
- Characterization found the coating was smooth, homogeneous, and compact with higher hardness than the uncoated steel. Alumina peaks were detected via EDX.
- Pin-on-disk tests showed the coated steel had lower friction coefficients and less wear than the uncoated steel. The coated surface remained smooth at low speeds with no defects, while uncoated steel roughness increased after wear.
Polymer processing
The document discusses various polymer processing techniques. It begins by explaining that the main goal of polymer processing is to produce usable objects and lists the necessary parameters for processing including flow, heat transfer, mass transfer, and chemical reactions. It then focuses on extrusion, describing it as shaping material by forcing it through a die. Various extrusion techniques are discussed including single screw extrusion, twin screw extrusion, blown film extrusion, co-extrusion, and injection molding. Other processing methods summarized include thermoforming, vacuum forming, rotational molding, calendering, and spinning.
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Acrylics are a family of transparent plastics that include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). PMMA was first synthesized in 1877 and commercialized in the 1930s for uses like aircraft canopies. It is produced through radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. PMMA has good clarity, weatherability, and scratch resistance but limited chemical resistance. It finds wide use in glazing, lighting, medical devices, and coatings. Other acrylics include polyacrylamide, used as a flocculant and soil conditioner, and sodium polyacrylate, a super absorbent polymer used in diapers and water-retention products.
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- 2. ▣ Dip coating refers to the immersing of a substrate into a tank containing coating material, removing the piece from the tank, and allowing it to drain. The coated piece can then be dried by force-drying or baking. It is a popular way of creating thin film coated materials along with the spin coating procedure.
- 3. The dip coating process can be, generally, separated into 3 stages: ▣ Immersion: the substrate is immersed in the solution of the coating material at a constant speed preferably judder free ▣ Dwell time: the substrate remains fully immersed and motionless to allow for the coating material to apply itself to the substrate ▣ Withdrawal: the substrate is withdrawn, again at a constant speed to avoid any judders. The faster the substrate is withdrawn from the tank the thicker the coating material that will be applied to the board.
- 5. Fig. 2: Gelation process during dip coating process, obtained by evaporation of the solvent and subsequent destabilization of the sol
- 6. ▣ Owing to its simplicity, this method lends itself to automation. Film thickness is controlled by coating viscosity and rate of withdrawal from the tank. Dip tanks come in all shapes and are sized to accommodate the largest object to be coated. ▣ Dip coating has its drawbacks, including: light parts tend to float and fall from the conveyor; film thickness can vary from top to bottom ("wedge effect"); fatty edges develop on the bottom of parts as excess coating drains; and refluxing by the solvent vapors above the tank removes some of the coating
- 7. ▣ Dip coating processes are used for plate glass for solar energy control systems (Calorex®) and anti- reflective coatings (Amiran®) on windows. The dip coating technique is also applied for optical coatings, e.g. on bulbs, for optical filters or dielectric mirrors by various SMEs and other companies, fabricating multilayer systems with up to 30 or 40 coatings with very high precision.
- 8. ▣ What is Electro deposition? ▣ Electro deposition is the process of coating a thin layer of one metal on top of a different metal to modify its surface properties. ▣Done to achieve the desired electrical and corrosion resistance, reduce wear & friction, improve heat tolerance and for decoration. ▣ E.D. is a surface coating method that forms an adherent layer of one metal on another.
- 10. ▣ Electrodeposition is a key method for making the materials used in computer chips and magnetic data storage systems; every day it helps lower the cost and improve the performance of our information society. ▣ However, electrodeposition is also emerging as a uniquely capable method for making materials and structures needed for a nanotechnology- and nanobiotechnology based future. ▣ It also provides some unique opportunities for directly writing materials onto a surface without going through the photoresist masking steps that are used in conventional electrochemical microfabrication.
- 11. Electrodeposition has three main attributes that make it so well suited for nano-, bio- and microtechnologies: • It can be used to grow functional material through complex 3D masks. • It can be performed near room temperature from water-based electrolytes. • It can be scaled down to the deposition of a few atoms or up to large dimensions.
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