This document summarizes an application of titanium nanoparticles. It discusses synthesizing titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaves and evaluating their wound healing properties. It also examines the effect of titanium nanoparticles on the growth, yield and chemical constituents of coriander plants. Finally, it explores using nano-titanium dioxide pretreatment to enhance biohydrogen and biomethane production from sugarcane bagasse. The document provides details on the materials, methods and results of experiments on wound healing in rats, growing coriander plants, and pretreating sugarcane bagasse for fermentation.
Synthesis and characterization of nano tio2 via different methodshena78
Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles are the ultra fine particles Particles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) have the diameters less than 100 nm. It is believed to be one of the three most produced nanomaterials , along with silicon dioxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Synthesis and characterization of nano tio2 via different methodshena78
Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles are the ultra fine particles Particles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) have the diameters less than 100 nm. It is believed to be one of the three most produced nanomaterials , along with silicon dioxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles using wet chemical method and its characteriza...Govind Soni
This is very intersting power point on ZnO NPs synthesized by me GOVIND SONI and my lab partnes KAUSHAL ,SANEHA & DINESH under the guidance of our PhD scholar Mr.SAHIL & Ms.KIRTI in the CYRSTAL LAB of DR.BINAY KUMAR in Department of Physics & Astrophysics .This presentation basically covers the Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using wet chemical method . its characterization has been done in Msc finals Nanoscience lab using X-Ray Diffraction and Particle size Analyzer.This presentation also contains an advance topic on introduction to Spintronics which is basically the study of internsic spin of electronics and its magnetic moment.I hope it will be an important tool to know about Nanoworld .
With the increasing researches in the field of nanotechnology, various nanoparticles have become a source of interest among the nano technologists because of their great properties, like the optical properties of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles are amazing and also easy to synthesize, but to make sure its quality it is equally essential to make out characterize it, this file will do the same in a lucid way!!
Review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extract. Various green materials are used for the synthesis of Ag. Several synthesis method main emphasis on green method.
It's simple to understand the synthesis. Hydrothermal method is a chemical reaction in water in a sealed pressure vessel, which is in fact a type of reaction at both high temperature and pressure.
Nanotechnology is the emerging technology in almost all fields of science ..It is preferred and studied due to its high efficiency in all fields of its application... Also being used in overcoming or eliminating environmental pollution to a greater level, this presentation is all about how Nanotechnology is useful in treating polluted water
It consists of introduction about nano world and how it is different from the macroscopic world and what are the reasons. it gives information about silver nanoparticles antimicrobial property and it is various application. it consists of synthesis, characterisation of silver nanoparticles.
A convenient method of synthesizing Silver Nanoparticles form Bonatea steudneri leave extract and evaluation of their electrocatalytic and phenol removal properties.
Photocatalytic degradation of some organic dyes under solar light irradiation...Iranian Chemical Society
Nanoparticles of the ZnO and TiO2 were synthesized and the physicochemical properties of the compounds were characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD patterns of the ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles could be indexed to hexagonal and rutile phase, respectively. Aggregated nanoparticles of ZnO and TiO2 with spherical-like shapes were observed with particle diameter in the range of 80-100 nm. These nanoparticles were used for photocatalytic degradation of various dyes, Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB) and Acridine orange (AO) under solar light irradiation at room temperature. Effect of the amount of catalyst on the rate of photodegradation was investigated. In general, because ZnO is unstable, due to incongruous dissolution to yield Zn(OH)2 on the ZnO particle surfaces and thus leading to catalyst inactivation,the catalytic activity of the system for photodegradation of dyes decreased dramatically when TiO2 was replaced by ZnO.
Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles using wet chemical method and its characteriza...Govind Soni
This is very intersting power point on ZnO NPs synthesized by me GOVIND SONI and my lab partnes KAUSHAL ,SANEHA & DINESH under the guidance of our PhD scholar Mr.SAHIL & Ms.KIRTI in the CYRSTAL LAB of DR.BINAY KUMAR in Department of Physics & Astrophysics .This presentation basically covers the Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using wet chemical method . its characterization has been done in Msc finals Nanoscience lab using X-Ray Diffraction and Particle size Analyzer.This presentation also contains an advance topic on introduction to Spintronics which is basically the study of internsic spin of electronics and its magnetic moment.I hope it will be an important tool to know about Nanoworld .
With the increasing researches in the field of nanotechnology, various nanoparticles have become a source of interest among the nano technologists because of their great properties, like the optical properties of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles are amazing and also easy to synthesize, but to make sure its quality it is equally essential to make out characterize it, this file will do the same in a lucid way!!
Review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extract. Various green materials are used for the synthesis of Ag. Several synthesis method main emphasis on green method.
It's simple to understand the synthesis. Hydrothermal method is a chemical reaction in water in a sealed pressure vessel, which is in fact a type of reaction at both high temperature and pressure.
Nanotechnology is the emerging technology in almost all fields of science ..It is preferred and studied due to its high efficiency in all fields of its application... Also being used in overcoming or eliminating environmental pollution to a greater level, this presentation is all about how Nanotechnology is useful in treating polluted water
It consists of introduction about nano world and how it is different from the macroscopic world and what are the reasons. it gives information about silver nanoparticles antimicrobial property and it is various application. it consists of synthesis, characterisation of silver nanoparticles.
A convenient method of synthesizing Silver Nanoparticles form Bonatea steudneri leave extract and evaluation of their electrocatalytic and phenol removal properties.
Photocatalytic degradation of some organic dyes under solar light irradiation...Iranian Chemical Society
Nanoparticles of the ZnO and TiO2 were synthesized and the physicochemical properties of the compounds were characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD patterns of the ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles could be indexed to hexagonal and rutile phase, respectively. Aggregated nanoparticles of ZnO and TiO2 with spherical-like shapes were observed with particle diameter in the range of 80-100 nm. These nanoparticles were used for photocatalytic degradation of various dyes, Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB) and Acridine orange (AO) under solar light irradiation at room temperature. Effect of the amount of catalyst on the rate of photodegradation was investigated. In general, because ZnO is unstable, due to incongruous dissolution to yield Zn(OH)2 on the ZnO particle surfaces and thus leading to catalyst inactivation,the catalytic activity of the system for photodegradation of dyes decreased dramatically when TiO2 was replaced by ZnO.
Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles via aqueous solution, sol...iosrjce
ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by aqueous solution method, sol-gel method and hydrothermal
method.The synthesized particles were characterized by XRD ,SEM ,EDX and UV .The X-ray diffraction studies
reveals that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have wurtzite structure and the particle size varies from 13 to 18
nm. Scanning Electron Microscopic investigation reveals that the surface morphology of ZnO nanoparticle is
spherical in hydrothermal process and varies to flower like arrangement in aqueous solution and sol-gel
process. The UV-Visible spectrum of the nanoparticles shows a blue shift compared to that of the bulk sample.
Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture with special reference to Pest M...Ramesh Kulkarni
Nanotechnology, a promising field of research opens up in the present decade a wide array of
opportunities in the present decade and is expected to give major impulses to technical innovations in
a variety of industrial sectors in the future.
This Research deals with the supply chain
management (SCM) provide us a high practical rapidity flow of
high quality, significant information that will assist suppliers to
provide a constant and specifically timed flow of resources to
customers. However, unplanned demand oscillations, including
those caused by stock outs, in the supply chain performance
development produce distortions. There are numerous causes,
often in combination that will cause these supply chain
distortions to start what has become known as the “Bullwhip
Effect”.
While the devil is generally hidden in the details, as is the
case here, the most common drivers of these demand distortions
are: Customers, Promotions, Sales, Manufacturing Policies,
Processes, Systems and Suppliers. The “Bullwhip Effect” has in
the past been recognized as normal, and in fact, thought to be a
predictable part of the order-to-delivery cycle. In this paper we
propose a novel effective approach to find the MSE (Mean square
error) with the help of MAMDANI Fuzzy logic.
Plant Mediated Synthesis of ZnO and Mn Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Using Carica P...IIJSRJournal
In this work, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles were green synthesized using Carica papaya extract by the Co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the formation of ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles with the wurtzite crystal structure (hexagonal). Due to the presence of dopant Manganese (Mn) the optical spectra showed a redshift in the absorbance spectrum. Structural and optical properties of the end product showed that the manganese ions (Mn2+) substituted the Zinc ions (Zn2+) without altering the Wurtzite structure of ZnO. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirm the presence of metal oxide present in the end product. The antibacterial efficiency of ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles were studied using the agar well diffusion method against Gram-positive and Gram–negative bacteria. It is obvious from the results that Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibit better antibacterial activity than ZnO nanoparticles.
Adsorptive/photo-catalytic process for naphthalene removal from aqueous media...NOMADPOWER
The problem being addressed in this study is the removal of naphthalene from aqueous media using an adsorptive/photo-catalytic process. The proposed solution involves the use of an in-situ nickel doped titanium nanocomposite as a catalyst to degrade the naphthalene molecules. The effectiveness of this process is being tested in order to provide a potential solution for the removal of naphthalene from industrial wastewater and other contaminated water sources.
Improvement in nutritional quality of spices through potential use of titan...ShreyaMandal4
Nutrient deficiency in food crops is seriously affecting human health, especially those in the rural areas. There are several ways of fortifying the nutrients in food such as dietary diversification, use of drugs and industrial fortification. One of the most intensively consumed metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) worldwide, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO₂) is applied in many widely used products, such as in food production, in personal care products, in electronics and pharmaceuticals, and in environmental remediation. To date, little information is available on whether nTiO₂ amendment can enhance vegetable nutritional quality and alter spatial distribution of the important nutrient elements in the edible tissues. To address this knowledge gap, the vegetable coriander was selected as a model plant species. Coriander is an aromatic annual herb in Apiaceae family and possesses significant nutritional and medicinal properties. In this study, coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) was treated with 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/L nTiO₂ to evaluate their possible benefit to plant growth and nutritional quality under hydroponic conditions. Observations showed that 50 mg/L nTiO₂ significantly increased the root and shoot fresh biomass by 13.2 % and 4.1 %, respectively, relative to the control. nTiO₂ at this level promoted shoot K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and B accumulation, while spatial distribution of K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in coriander leaves was not affected. No nTiO₂ internalization or translocation to shoots occurred. 400 mg/L nTiO₂ significantly reduced root fresh biomass by 15.8 % and water content by 6.7%. Moreover, this high dose induced root cell membrane wrinkling, attributable to their aggregation and adsorption on root surfaces. At 100–400 mg/L concentration, antioxidant defense systems (SOD, CAT and APX) in plant were triggered to alleviate oxidative stress. At an appropriate dose (50 mg/L), nTiO₂ can improve nutrient quality of edible tissues without exerting toxicity to plant or posing health risk to consumers.
It is an unforgettable thing and it is the first conference paper which I have presented in my university. This describes how the Nanotechnology alters the world to advance. It also has lots of applications due to it's large surface area.
Photo-electrocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes prepared with two-step anod...Iranian Chemical Society
To improve the photo-catalytic degradation of salicylic acid, we reported the fabrication of ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays by a simple and effective two-step anodization method and then these TiO2 nanotubes treated in a methanol solution under UV light irradiation. The TiO2 nanotubes prepared in the two-step anodization process showed better photo-catalytic activity than TiO2 nanotubes prepared in one-step anodization process. Also, compared with TiO2 nanotubes without the UV pretreatment, the TiO2 nanotubes pretreated in a methanol solution under UV light irradiation exhibited significant enhancements in both photocurrent and activity. The treated TiO2 nanotubes exhibited a 5-fold enhancement in photocurrent and a 2.5-fold increase in the photo-catalytic degradation of salicylic acid. Also the effect of addition of persulfate and periodate on the photo-catalytic degradation of salicylic acid were investigated. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of salicylic acid increased with increasing persulfate and periodate concentrations. These treated TiO2 nanotubes are promising candidates for practical photochemical reactors.
Nanotechnology and its application in postharvest technology by l. jeebit singhJeebit Singh
A presentation on basics of Nanotechnology and its application in Postharvest Technology. A credit seminar presentation as a part of fulfillment of my Master's Degree Programme during M.Sc. 1st year 2nd semister at PG Centre, Bangalore, University of Horticultural Sciences.
Screening and acclimation of efficient simultaneous nitrification and denitri...IJERA Editor
Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) bacteria can complete nitrification and denitrification processes under aerobic conditions simultaneously, which has some obvious advantages in comparison with traditional method for nitrogen removal, such as reducing energy consumption and construction cost. Three SND bacteria strains, YX3, YX4 and YX6 were isolated from a polluted river and identified as Pseudomonas spp. by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing. After cultivated in liquid heterotrophic ammoniation medium at 30°C by shaking at 150 rpm for 3 d, the NH4+-N removal rates of strains YX3,YX4 and YX6 were 93.50%, 91.50% and 91.00%, respectively; and the total nitrogen removal rates of YX3, YX4 and YX6 were reached 85.75%, 87.33% and 90.46%, respectively. The NO3--N removal rates of strains YX3, YX4 and YX6 were 87.24%, 89.88% and 88.73%, respectively, after cultivated in liquid denitrification medium at 30°C by shaking at 150 rpm for 3 d. These results show that all these strains were capable of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. When strains YX3, YX4 and YX6 were faced to high ammonia pharmaceutical wastewater, NH4+-N concentrations decreased from 500±78.47 to 238.14±63.77mg/L, 155.82±79.95 mg/L and 214.62±92.69 mg/L, respectively, after cultured at 150 rpm and 30°C for 3 d. After four months of acclimation, the NH4+-N remove rates were improved significantly under the same culture conditions and the NH4+-N concentrations decreased linearly from 500±81.79 to 151.9±88.70mg/L, 94.73±58.66 mg/L and 114.49±56.84 mg/L of strains YX3, YX4 and YX6, respectively. All the strains showed rather steady features in bio-denitrification of high ammonia pharmaceutical wastewater after acclimation under laboratory conditions. This suggests that all the three strains have great application potential in high ammonia nitrogen pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.
Photocatalytic application of TiO2/SiO2-based magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4@S...Iranian Chemical Society
In this research we have developed a treatment method for textile wastewater by TiO2/SiO2-based magnetic nanocomposite. Textile wastewater includes a large variety of dyes and chemicals and needs treatments. This manuscript presents a facile method for removing dyes from the textile wastewater by using TiO2/SiO2-based nanocomposite (Fe3O4@SiO2/TiO2) under UV irradiation. This magnetic nanocomposite, as photocatalytically active composite, is synthesized via solution method in mild conditions. A large range of cationic, anionic and neutral dyes including: methyl orange, methylene blue, neutral red, bromocresol green and methyl red are used for treatment investigations. Neutral red and bromocresol green have good results in reusing treatment. The high surface area of nanocomposites improve the kinetic of wastewater treatment. In this method, by using the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, TiO2-based photocatalyst could be separated and reused for 3 times. The efficiency of this method is respectively 100% and 65% for low concentration (10 ppm) and high concentration (50 ppm) of neutral red and bromocrosol green after 3 h treatment. The efficiency of treatment using the second used nanocomposite was 90% for 10 ppm of the same dyes.
In recent years, nanoparticles that have size of 1-100 nm is widely used for textile, pharmacy,
cosmetic and treatment of industrial wastewater. Producing and using of nanoparticles widely, causes
important accumulation in nature and toxicity on ecosystem. Knowledge of potential toxicity of nanoparticles is
limited. In this study, six different nanoparticles nano-zinc oxide, nano-silicon dioxide, nano-cerium oxide,
nano-aluminum oxide, nano-hafnium oxide, and nano-tantalum oxide which used commonly, were studied to
investigate toxic impacts on organisms. We studied nine different acute toxicity test (bacteria – Escherichia coli
(gram negative bacteria) ; bacteria – Bacillus cereus (gram positive bacteria) ; bacteria – Vibrio fischeri
(bioluminescences bacteria) ; methane Archae Bacteria ; yeast – Candida albicans ; mold – Aspergillus niger ;
algae – Chlorella sp. ; Crustacea – Daphnia magna ; lepistes - Poecillia reticula) for the effect of
nanoparticles to different trophic levels. In general, the most toxic nanoparticle is nano-zinc oxide and the least
toxic nanoparticle is nano-hafnium oxide. Among the used organisms in acute toxicity test; the most sensitive
organism is algae - Chlorella sp ;the most resistant organism is fish- Poecillia reticula.
preparation and foliar application of oligochitosanIJEAB
Oligochitosan with weight average molecu-lar weight (Mw) of 5000 g/mol was prepared by gamma Co-60 radiation degradation of 4% chitosan solution containing 0.5% H2O2 at 21 kGy. Nanosilica with size of 10 – 30 nm was synthesized by calcination of acid treated rice husk at 700o C for 2 h. The mixture of 2% oligo-chitosan-2% nanosilica was prepared by dispersion of nanosilica in oligochitosan solution. Oligochitosan, nanosilica and their mixture were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), transmission electr-on microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Furrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Effect of foliar application of oli-gochitosan and oligochitosan-nanosilica on soybean seed yield was conducted in experimental field. Results indi-cated that soybean seed yield increased 10.5 and 17.0% for oligochitosan and oligochitosan-nanosilica, respect-tively for the control. Radiation degraded oligo-chitosan and its mixture with nanosilica can be potentially used for cultivation of soybean with enhanced seed yield.
High-performance dye-sensitized solar cell using dimensionally controlled tit...Devika Laishram
The subject of the current study is a concoct of anatase and rutile mixed phase titania synthesized at 40 C and
10 C. At these sub-zero temperatures, highly crystalline, phase-oriented nanostructured titania were formed.
At 40 C, nanocrystals of TiO2 consist of the anatase phase while nanorods dominated by the rutile phase form
at 10 C. These samples are remarkable photoanode materials with excellent photon scattering ability in dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs). On performance optimization of DSSCs, a composition of 0.5 wt% TiO2 (prepared
at 40 C) and P25 improved the photon harvesting by providing a large number of sites for interaction, resulting
in a high photocurrent of 18.46 mA cm2 and 8.6% photoconversion efficiency.
Similar to Application of titanium nanoparticles (20)
biotechnological from organic waste are many which include;production of fertilizer,gibbrrelic acid,actone and butanol,biodegradable plastics,enzymes,mushroom,ets
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. Outline
• Introduction
• Synthesize of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera
leaves and evaluation of wound healing activity.
• Effect of Titanium Nanoparticles (TiO2) on Growth, Yield and
Chemical Constituents of Coriander Plants.
• Enhanced biohydrogen and subsequent biomethane production from
sugarcane bagasse using nano-titanium dioxide pretreatment.
• References
3. Introduction
• Nanotechnology is emerging rapidly with the development of
nanoscale materials which have potential biomedical applications,
especially in fighting and preventing diseases.
• The new age drugs include the nanoparticles of polymers, metals,
ceramics which can fight against human pathogens like bacteria and
even cancer
• The importance of nanoparticles having potent bactericidal activity is
inevitable because of their effect against resistant strains of
pathogens.
4. • Nanoparticles increase the chemical activity due to their large surface
volume ratio
• In recent times in fact, the metallic nanoparticles have proven that
they are the most suited candidate among all the other nano particles
• Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are known to possess strong
antimicrobial activity.
• Titanium nanoparticles are one of the most important metal oxide
nanoparticles compared to others and are used in glass ceramics,
catalyst, solar cell sensors, electric conductors and sun screen as well
as biological related aspects
5.
6. Synthesize of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Moringa
oleifera leaves and evaluation of wound healing activity
• Wounds are among major world-wide clinical problems because of
morbidity associated with prolonged periods required for repair and
regeneration of the injured tissue, bleeding,risk for infections and scar
formation.
• Due to the increment in the proportion of aged people’s population in the
coming decades, the wound healing process cost in clinical aspect may
likely to increase.
• Bacteria can easily contaminate the surface of wounds and access the
underlying tissue, thereby delaying the healing process
• Considering that resistance against newly approved antibiotics developed
within two years, there is an urgent need for newer generation of
antibiotics to fight infections.
7. Materials and methods
• Preparation of Titanium nanostructures
• For the preparation of aqueous leaf
extract (ALE) solution of M. oleifera, 10 g
of M. oleifera powder + 100 ml of
deionized water, heat at 60°C for 10 min
to kill the pathogens.
• Then filtered using Whatman No. 1 filter
paper.
• Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were
synthesized by adding 10 ml of filtered
ALE solution to 90 ml of 5 mM
• Titanium dioxide solution (pH 1.5) in an
Erlenmeyer flask under stirring at 50°C.
8. • After 5 h, the developed dark brown colour confirmed the formation
of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiNPs).
• Centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 15 min and thus separated Titanium
dioxide nanoparticles (TiNPs) and were dried.
9. Characterization techniques
• UV–Vis spectral analysis
• SEM analysis of Titanium nanoparticles
• Excision and treatment on animals
• The wound healing activity was examined upon the Male albino rats
of Wistar strain with weight of 160–1100 g
• The rats were housed in spacious polypropylene cages bedded with
rice husk and the room was well ventilated maintained under
standard experimental conditions (temperature 27°C and 12 h
light/dark cycle) throughout the experimental periods.
10. • The animals were distributed into various groups as where
Group I is treated with gel alone to serve as self immunity,
Group II animals are treated with gel based ointment (TiNPs + gel).
The standard drug sulfadiazine purchased from medical store was
treated on Group III (sulfadiazine + gel) animals.
• Each group has six animals
11. Comparison of wound healing activity of Group I (control group), Group II (TiNPs)
and Group III (standard drug).
13. Conclusion
• Titanium dioxide and the use of M. oleifera leaf extract for the
biosynthesize of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. This simple, cost
effective, time saving and environmental friendly synthetic method
gives a potential avenue for various applications
• The eco-friendly green chemistry approach using leaf extract for the
synthesize of nanoparticles will increase the economic viability and
sustainable management.
• Preparation of nano-titanium gel using bio synthesized Titanium
nanoparticles is a highly effective technique towards the wound
healing and opens a new paradigm of medical research
14.
15. Materials and Methods
• Field Experiment
• Experiments were carried out at a Farm in Sakara, Giza , Egypt .
During two successive seasons, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013.
• The experimental plot area was 2 m x 4m
• The planting distance was 30 cm apart and it was 50 cm between
lines
18. • Preparation of TiO2 Nanoparticles
• Titanium nanoparticles (TiO2) were prepared by laser ablation of a
titanium plate (99.9% purity) in 10 ml deionized water . Q-switched
Nd: YAG (Quantel) pulse laser generating 8 ns pulses at the
wavelength of 1064 nm with a repetition rate of 10 Hz and the
focused energy density was 400 mJ cm_2, using a 100 mm focal
length lens on the metal plate immersed in water.
• Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles
19. TEM imaging of the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles revealed a spherical shape of the
particles, with an average size of 20 ±2.0 nm (inset shows electron diffraction pattern).
20. Results
Effect of different concentrations of TiO2 NPs foliar spray on growth and yield (g/pl.) of coriander
during 2012 and 2013.
2011/2012 2012/2013
Control Ti Nps Control Ti Nps
plant heigth (cm) 69.13 105.2 75.3 106.5
No of branches (branch per plant) 4.8 6.9 5.2 7.4
Fruit yield (g/pl) 16.38 31.5 19.11 26.96
Chlorophyll a 2.69 2.812 2.75 2.833
Chlorophyll b 2.04 2.229 2.137 2.25
Carotenoids 0.952 1.27 1.023 1.287
Amino Acid 0.095 0.645 0.176 0.734
Sugars 0.72 1.254 0.75 1.206
Phenols 1.604 1.901 1.668 2.03
Indoles 1.87 2.2 1.758 2.242
N % 1.54 2.75 1.694 3.08
P% 0.414 0.546 0.4554 0.6006
K% 4.8 6.7 5.28 7.37
Protein 9.63 17.21 10.593 19.28
21. CONCLUSION
• TiO2 nanoparticles had significant effects on the total chlorophyll-a,
chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, sugars, aminoacids, indoles, phenols,
nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, yield and plant growth
characteristics of coriander.
• The results shows strong evidence for the high efficiency of this new
nanofertilizer on plant growth enhancement.
• These powerful and inexpensive NPs could replace traditional
methods of plant growth enhancement.
• Further developments in nanotechnology in this sector could have
large-scale economic implications and multiple benefits for
consumers, producers, and farmers.
22.
23. • Nano-titanium dioxide (nanoTiO2) under ultraviolet irradiation (UV) followed by
dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse was used to enhance the
production of biohydrogen and biomethane in a consecutive dark fermentation
and anaerobic digestion.
• Different concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 g nanoTiO2/L under different
UV times of 30, 60, 90 and 120 min were used. Sulfuric acid (2% v/v) at 121 C was
used for 15, 30 and 60 min to hydrolyze the pretreated bagasse.
• For acidic hydrolysis times of 15, 30 and 60 min, the highest total free sugar
values were enhanced by 260%, 107%, and 189%, respectively, compared to
samples without nanoTiO2 pretreatment. The highest hydrogen production
samples for the same acidic hydrolysis times showed 88%, 127%, and 25%
enhancement.
• The maximum hydrogen production of 101.5 ml/g VS (volatile solids) was
obtained at 1 g nanoTiO2/L and 120 min UV irradiation followed by 30 min acid
hydrolysis
24. Materials and methods
• Sugarcane bagasse
• Anaerobic sludge
• Pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse using nanoTiO2/UV irradiation
• HPLC
• Gas chromatograph
• Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
25. The concentration of NanoTiO2 and UV irradiation time were the main
variables of
NanoTiO2 pretreatment (TP),
Sulfuric acid hydrolysis (AH),
NanoTiO2 pretreatment-sulfuric acid hydrolysis (TP-AH),
Untreated bagasse (R),
• TP (nanoTiO2 concentration (g/L), UV irradiational time (min)), AH
(hydrolysis time (min)), and TP-AH (nanoTiO2 concentration (g/L), UV
irradiational time (min), hydrolysis time (min)).
26. Cumulative methane production from the raw and treated
sugarcane
bagasse.
R :TP-AH (0,0,0)
A :TP-AH (0.001 g/L, 60 mins,15 mins )
B :TP-AH (1 g/L,120 mins,30 mins )
C :TP-AH (1 g/L,60 mins ,60 mins)
27. Biomethane (black) and biohydrogen (white) production from the raw and
treated sugarcane bagasse in the sequencing two-step dark fermentation–anaerobic
digestion.
R :TP-AH (0,0,0)
A :TP-AH (0.001 g/L, 60 mins,15 mins )
B :TP-AH (1 g/L,120 mins,30 mins )
C :TP-AH (1 g/L,60 mins ,60 mins)
28. Conclusion
• Pretreatment of bagasse using nano-titanium dioxide before acid hydrolysis
significantly improved the hydrogen production efficiency of dark
fermentation.
• The effects of nano-titanium dioxide pretreatment were destruction of
surface morphology and reduction of crystallinity. In fact, the operational
conditions of acid hydrolysis was changed using nano-titanium dioxide
pretreatment (reduction of temperature, time duration, and acid
concentration) in a way that not only energy saves but also destruction of
released sugars and production of inhibitor is declined.
• Dark fermentation not only released some energy in the form of
biohydrogen, but also facilitated the anaerobic digestion of bagasse by
enhancing its biomethane efficiency.
30. References
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