Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a technique that is widely used to characterize a material’s properties as a function of temperature, time, frequency, stress, atmosphere or a combination of these parameters.
Intro
Principle
How it works
Types of dynamic Experiments
Instrumentation
Construction
Preparation of samples
Types of analysers
DMA of glass transition of polymers
Advantages
Applications
Limitations
Latest Research
References
Dynamic mechanical properties refer to the response of a material as it is subjected to a periodic force. These properties may be expressed in terms of a dynamic modulus, a dynamic loss modulus, and a mechanical damping term.
Intro
Principle
How it works
Types of dynamic Experiments
Instrumentation
Construction
Preparation of samples
Types of analysers
DMA of glass transition of polymers
Advantages
Applications
Limitations
Latest Research
References
Dynamic mechanical properties refer to the response of a material as it is subjected to a periodic force. These properties may be expressed in terms of a dynamic modulus, a dynamic loss modulus, and a mechanical damping term.
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
Brief intro about crystalline and amorphous structures,
glass transition temperature,
free volume theory of glass transition temperature,
factors effecting glass transition temperature etc.
The fabrication methodology of a composite part depends mainly on three factors:
(i) the characteristics of matrices and reinforcements,
(ii) the shapes, sizes and engineering details of products, and
(iii) end uses.
The composite products are too many and cover a very wide domain of applications ranging from an engine valve to an aircraft wing.
The fabrication technique varies from one product to the other.
Thermal testing, thermo mechanical and dynamic mechanical analysis & chem...Dr.S.Thirumalvalavan
Unit-V: THERMAL TESTING, THERMO-MECHANICAL AND DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS & CHEMICAL TESTING [OTHER TESTING].
Subject Name: OML751 Testing of Materials
Topics: Thermal Testing: Differential scanning calorimetry, Differential thermal analysis. Thermo-mechanical and Dynamic mechanical analysis: Principles, Advantages, Applications. Chemical Testing: X-Ray Fluorescence, Elemental Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Plasma-Mass Spectrometry.
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Final Year, VII Semester, Open Elective Subject
[As per Anna University R-2017]
Lecture notes on Structure and Properties of Engineering Polymers
Course Objectives:
The main objective is to introduce polymers as an engineering material and emphasize the basic concepts of their nature, production and properties. Polymers are introduced at three levels; namely, the molecular level, the micro level, and macro-level. Through knowledge of all three levels, student can understand and predict the properties of various polymers and their performance in different products. The course also aims at introducing the students to the principles of polymer processing techniques and considerations of design using engineering polymers.
Brief intro about crystalline and amorphous structures,
glass transition temperature,
free volume theory of glass transition temperature,
factors effecting glass transition temperature etc.
The fabrication methodology of a composite part depends mainly on three factors:
(i) the characteristics of matrices and reinforcements,
(ii) the shapes, sizes and engineering details of products, and
(iii) end uses.
The composite products are too many and cover a very wide domain of applications ranging from an engine valve to an aircraft wing.
The fabrication technique varies from one product to the other.
Thermal testing, thermo mechanical and dynamic mechanical analysis & chem...Dr.S.Thirumalvalavan
Unit-V: THERMAL TESTING, THERMO-MECHANICAL AND DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS & CHEMICAL TESTING [OTHER TESTING].
Subject Name: OML751 Testing of Materials
Topics: Thermal Testing: Differential scanning calorimetry, Differential thermal analysis. Thermo-mechanical and Dynamic mechanical analysis: Principles, Advantages, Applications. Chemical Testing: X-Ray Fluorescence, Elemental Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Plasma-Mass Spectrometry.
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Final Year, VII Semester, Open Elective Subject
[As per Anna University R-2017]
Several Kinds of Thermal Analysis Technologies of Measuring Glass Transition ...IJERA Editor
Thermal analysis technology is a general term of a set of techniques that can measure the material’s performance varying with temperature. The thermal property, volumetric property, mechanical property and electrical property of polymer exist obvious difference through glass transition, tracking these properties’ variation with temperature changes can determine its GTT (glass transition temperature). According to different measuring principles, these thermal analysis technologies of testing GTT are divided into following several categories, they are differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA), dynamic thermomechanic analysis (DMA) and dielectric thermal analysis (DEA). The article introduces their testing methods, characteristics and influencing factors, in order to provide a reference for choosing appropriate technique to measure the glass transition temperature.
Thermo mechanical characterization and damage of polymer materials:Applicatio...IJERD Editor
Plastic materials occupy a large part in our daily lives because of their ease of installation and relatively low production costs. The rapid technical development and we live brings more and more mechanical engineers to face the problems of damage to materials. However, these problems are even more serious than fatigue cracking often leads to a sudden break often cause accidents. This unfortunately happens all too frequently, due to insufficient knowledge either room service conditions or even damage parameters. This work presents new developments in the field of fracture mechanics and the objective is the evaluation of defects and thus a better estimate of the reliability of the polymeric material structures
Uniaxial tension test is used to determine yield strength, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, true stress-strain. Finite element analysis, Kartik Srinivas
Significance and Need of Computational Analysis and Finite Element Modelling ...ijceronline
Composite materials are the cutting edge materials that possess unrestrained opportunities for advanced material science and development. Thermal studies of composite materials are gaining greater impetus in the present scenario. This will help to comprehend the properties of materials as they change with temperature. The thermal characterization of hybrid composites has been progressively more important in a wide range of applications. The coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, latent heat and thermal diffusivity are the most important properties of composite materials. Since nearly all composites are used in various temperature ranges, measurement of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal conductivity as a function of temperature is necessary in order to know the behaviour of the material. Thermal characterization and analysis of hybrid composites will depend on the factors that influence on the prominent thermo-physical properties presents a major challenge since they are sensitive to the type of reinforcement and method of manufacture. This research paper emphasizes the significance, need, applications and scope of computational investigation and finite element analysis of composite materials
Use of the PerkinElmer TMA 4000 to Characterize Melting and Softening PointsPerkinElmer, Inc.
This application note demonstrates how the PerkinElmer TMA 4000 qualifies and quantifies changes occurring in materials as it softens on heating.
Learn more about the TMA 4000: http://bit.ly/1czg7em
High Strain Rate Testing of Materials
Polymers, composites and some metallic materials are viscoelastic and strain-rate sensitive. Under high strain rates the micro mechanisms by which these materials deform is different than that experienced at low strain rates. Consequently, use of quasi-static stress-strain data may not produce accurate and reliable predictions, when such data is used in simulation and Finite element analysis FEA of engineering components.
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
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Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
1. Presentation on
“Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)”
Presented to:
Dr. Shaikh Md. Mominul Alam
Professor and Head,
Department of Textile Machinery Design and Maintenance,
Bangladesh University of Textiles.
Presented by:
Bijay Kumar
Department of Fabric Engineering
ID: 2018-2-2-009
2. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
Dynamic mechanical analysis (abbreviated DMA, also known as dynamic
mechanical spectroscopy) is a technique used to study and characterize
materials. It is most useful for studying the viscoelastic behavior of polymers.
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is a technique that is widely used to
characterize a material’s properties as a function of temperature, time,
frequency, stress, atmosphere or a combination of these parameters.
DMA, is a technique where a small deformation is applied to a sample in a cyclic
manner. This allows the materials response to stress, temperature, frequency
and other values to be studied. The term is also used to refer to the analyzer
that performs the test.
3. How to analyze properties?
DMA is a measuring instrument which is used to determine the dynamic
characteristics of materials.
It applies a dynamic oscillating force to a sample and analyze the
material’s response to that cyclic force.
Basically, DMA determines changes in sample properties resulting from
changes in five experimental variables:
4. Which materials can be analyzed with
DMA ?
Polymers
Elastomers
Composites
Metals and alloys
Ceramics, glass
Adhesives
Elastomers
Metals and alloys
Ceramics, glass
Adhesives
Bitumen
Paint and varnish
Cosmetics
Oils
Biomaterials
Leather, skin hair….
5. Theory
Viscosity: resistance to flow
Elasticity: ability to revert back to original shape
Complex dynamic modulus (E*)
Ratio of applied stress to measured strain
Storage modulus (E’)
Energy stored elastically during deformation
E’= E* cosδ
Loss modulus (E’’)
Energy loss during deformation
E” = E* sinδ
Loss tangent (tanδ) or damping or loss factor
shows the ability of material to dissipate the energy
Tanδ= E’’/E
6. APPLICATIONS OF D.M.A.
Measurement of the glass transition temperature of polymers
Varying the composition of monomers
Effectively evaluate the miscibility of polymers
To characterize the glass transition temperature of a material
7. This table shows which DMA characteristics can be used to
describe quality defects, processing flaws, and other parameters.
Application Charachteristic Example
Regions in which state is dependent
on temperature
E’ Energy and entropy-elastic
region, start of melting
Temperature-dependent stiffness E´, E´´, Tg , tan δ Elastic and non elastic
response
Thermal limits on use Tg Start of softening
Frequency and temperature
dependent damping
tan δ Response of damping
elements
State of aging (conditioning) Tg Water content of PA
Degree of curing, postcuring Tg Tg rises, tan G falls, modulus
rise
Thermal degradation Tg Tg falls
8. Different DMA Measurement Mode
1. Sheer
2. 3-Point bending
3. Dual cantilever
4. Single Cantilever
5. Tension or Compression
10. Continued….
1. Preparation of Specimen
2. Installation of the selected specimen holder
3. Installation of the prepared specimen into the specimen
holder inside thermal chamber
4. Start temperature, finish temperature, and step
5. Application of dynamic excitation (stress or strain) on the
specimen by dynamic shaker through entire temperature
range
6. Then DMA records the response of specimen and
determines: E’, E”, Tanδ
7. Identify transition temperatures based on noticeable
changes in curves
11. Continued….
The basic principle of the instrument is to exert a dynamic
excitation of known amplitude and frequency to a specimen of
known dimensions. The measurement of strains and
dynamic forces yields the specimen’s stiffness. From the
known geometry, one can derive mechanical properties of the
material, such as modulus and loss factor. Thus, a tension test
can be used to get Young’s modulus, whereas a shear test yields
the shear modulus.
The presence of the thermal chamber allows performing
measurements at different temperatures and thus
determining materials’ glass transition temperature. Also, the
possibility to have the deformation amplitude vary during the
measurement allows accessing the non-linear behavior of
materials. The control of the excitation shape, combined with
cycle counting, allows implementing fatigue tests.