CNC programming (Computer Numerical Control Programming) is utilized by manufacturers to create program instructions for computers to control a machine tool. CNC is highly involved in the manufacturing process and improves automation as well as flexibility.
CNC programming (Computer Numerical Control Programming) is utilized by manufacturers to create program instructions for computers to control a machine tool. CNC is highly involved in the manufacturing process and improves automation as well as flexibility.
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machining is the process through which computers control machine-based processes in manufacturing. The kinds of machines controlled include lathes, mills, routers and grinders – all used for manufacturing of metal and plastic products.
Numerical control (NC) is the automation of machine tools that are operated by precisely programmed commands encoded on a storage medium, as opposed to controlled manually.
Most NC today is computer numerical control (CNC), in which computers play an integral part of the control.
In modern CNC systems, end-to-end component design is highly automated using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) programs
cnc, mesin cnc, fanuc, haas, makino, yaskawa, doosan, mesin bubut, mesin milling, mesin tapping, wirecut, mesin press, mesin pabrik, mesin otomotif, sparepart mesin cnc
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machining is the process through which computers control machine-based processes in manufacturing. The kinds of machines controlled include lathes, mills, routers and grinders – all used for manufacturing of metal and plastic products.
Numerical control (NC) is the automation of machine tools that are operated by precisely programmed commands encoded on a storage medium, as opposed to controlled manually.
Most NC today is computer numerical control (CNC), in which computers play an integral part of the control.
In modern CNC systems, end-to-end component design is highly automated using computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) programs
cnc, mesin cnc, fanuc, haas, makino, yaskawa, doosan, mesin bubut, mesin milling, mesin tapping, wirecut, mesin press, mesin pabrik, mesin otomotif, sparepart mesin cnc
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
2. History of CNC
1949
US Air Force asks MIT to develop a "numerically controlled"
machine.
1952
Prototype NC machine demonstrated (punched tape input)
1980-
CNC machines (computer used to link directly to controller)
1990-
DNC: external computer “drip feeds” control programmer
to machine tool controller
3. Motivation and uses
To manufacture complex curved geometries in 2D or 3D
was extremely expensive by mechanical means (which
usually would require complex jigs to control the cutter
motions)
Machining components with repeatable accuracy
Unmanned machining operations
4. Advantages of CNC
- Easier to program;
- Easy storage of existing programs;
- Easy to change a program
- Avoids human errors
- NC machines are safer to operate
- Complex geometry is produced as cheaply as simple ones
- Usually generates closer tolerances than manual machines
7. Horizontal Milling machine architecture
Conventional milling machines
How does the table move along X- Y- and Z- axes ?
8. NC machines
Motion control is done by: servo-controlled motors
~
Servo Controller
Counter Comparator
Encoder A/C Motor
Input (converted from analog to digital value)
Table
Leadscrew
9. CNC terminology
BLU: basic length unit
smallest programmable move of each axis.
Controller: (Machine Control Unit, MCU)
Electronic and computerized interface between operator and m/c
Controller components:
1. Data Processing Unit (DPU)
2. Control-Loops Unit (CLU)
10. Controller components
Data Processing Unit:
Input device [RS-232 port/ Tape Reader/ Punched Tape Reader]
Data Reading Circuits and Parity Checking Circuits
Decoders to distribute data to the axes controllers.
Control Loops Unit:
Interpolator to supply machine-motion commands between data points
Position control loop hardware for each axis of motion
11. Types of CNC machines
Based on Motion Type:
Point-to-Point or Continuous path
Based on Control Loops:
Open loop or Closed loop
Based on Power Supply:
Electric or Hydraulic or Pneumatic
Based on Positioning System
Incremental or Absolute
13. Open loop control of a Point-to-Point NC drilling machine
NOTE: this machine uses stepper motor control
14. Components of Servo-motor controlled CNC
Motor speed control
Two types of encoder configurations
Motor lead screw rotation table moves
position sensed by encoder
feedback
15. Motion Control and feedback
Encoder outputs: electrical pulses (e.g. 500 pulses per revolution)
Rotation of the motor linear motion of the table: by the leadscrew
The pitch of the leadscrew: horizontal distance between successive threads
One thread in a screw single start screw: Dist moved in 1 rev = pitch
Two threads in screw double start screw: Dist moved in 1 rev = 2* pitch
16. Example 1
A Stepping motor of 20 steps per revolution moves a machine table
through a leadscrew of 0.2 mm pitch.
(a) What is the BLU of the system ?
(b) If the motor receives 2000 pulses per minute, what is the linear
velocity in inch/min ?
17. Example 2
A DC servo-motor is coupled to a leadscrew (pitch 5mm) of a machine table.
A digital encoder, which emits 500 pulses per revolution, is mounted on the
leadscrew. If the motor rotates at 600 rpm, find
(a) The linear velocity of the table
(b) The BLU of the machine
(c) The frequency of pulses emitted by the encoder.
18. Manual NC programming
Part program: A computer program to specify
- Which tool should be loaded on the machine spindle;
- What are the cutting conditions (speed, feed, coolant ON/OFF etc)
- The start point and end point of a motion segment
- how to move the tool with respect to the machine.
Standard Part programming language: RS 274-D (Gerber, GN-code)
19. History of CNC
The RS274-D is a word address format
Each line of program == 1 block
Each block is composed of several instructions, or (words)
Sequence and format of words:
N3 G2 X+1.4 Y+1.4 Z+1.4 I1.4 J1.4 K1.4 F3.2 S4 T4 M2
sequence no
preparatory function
destination coordinates dist to center of circle
feed rate spindle speed
tool
miscellaneous function
21. Spindle CCW
(4, 4)
p0 (2, 2)
5”
p1
p2
5”
2.5”
1”
45°
p3
p4
p5
1. Set up the programming parameters
N010 G70 G90 G94 G97 M04
Programming in inches
Spindle speed in rpm
Use absolute coordinates
Feed in ipm
22. Flood coolant ON
(4, 4)
p0 (2, 2)
5”
p1
p2
5”
2.5”
1”
45°
p3
p4
p5
2. Set up the machining conditions
N020 G17 G75 F6.0 S300 T1001 M08
Tool no.
Feed rate
Spindle speed
Machine moves in XY-plane
Use full-circle interpolation
23. 5”
p2
5”
2.5”
1”
45°
(4, 4)
p1
p0 (2, 2)
p3
p4
p5
3. Move tool from p0 to p1 in straight line
N030 G01 X3.875 Y3.698
Linear interpolation
target coordinates
24. (4, 4)
p0 (2, 2)
5”
p1
p2
5”
2.5”
1”
45°
p3
p4
p5
4. Cut profile from p1 to p2
N040 G01 X3.875 Y9.125
Linear interpolation
target coordinates
N040 G01 Y9.125
X-coordinate does not change no need to program it
or
26. coordinates of center of circle
(4, 4)
p1
p0 (2, 2)
5”
p2
5”
2.5”
1”
45°
p3
p4
p5
6. Cut along circle from p3 to p4
N060 G03 X7.366 Y9.125 I6.5 J9.0
circular interpolation, CCW motion
target coordinates
27. p0 (2, 2)
(4, 4)
p1
5”
p2
5”
2.5”
1”
45°
p3
p4
p5
7. Cut from p4 to p5
N070 G01 X9.302
target coordinates (Y is unchanged)
Linear interpolation
28. (4, 4)
p1
p0 (2, 2)
5”
p2
5”
2.5”
1”
45°
p3
p4
p5
8. Cut from p5 to p1
N080 G01 X3.875 Y3.698
Linear interpolation
target coordinates (see step 3)
29. p0 (2, 2)
(4, 4)
p1
5”
p2
5”
2.5”
1”
45°
p3
p4
p5
9. Return to home position, stop program
N090 G01 X2.0 Y2.0 M30
end of data
target coordinates (see step 3)
Linear interpolation
N100 M00
program stop
31. Automatic part programming and DNC
Very complex part shapes very large NC program
NC controller memory may not handle HUGE part program
computer feeds few blocks of
NC program to controller
When almost all blocks executed,
controller requests more blocks
32. Summary
CNC machines allow precise and repeatable control in machining
CNC lathes, Milling machines, etc. are all controlled by NC programs
NC programs can be generated manually, automatically
Additional references: RS274D code descriptions