Output equation of Induction motor; Main dimensions; Separation of D and L; Choice of Average flux density; length of air gap; Design of Stator core; Rules for selecting rotor slots of squirrel cage machines; Design of rotor bars and slots; Design of end rings; Design of wound rotor; Magnetic leakage calculations; Leakage reactance of polyphase machines; Magnetizing current; Short circuit current; Operating characteristics; Losses and Efficiency.
An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature.
The armature winding is the main current-carrying winding in which the electromotive force or counter-emf of rotation is induced.
The current in the armature winding is known as the armature current.
The location of the winding depends upon the type of machine.
The armature windings of dc motors are located on the rotor, since they must operate in union with the commutator.
In DC rotating machines other than brushless DC machines, it is usually rotating.
Output equation of Induction motor; Main dimensions; Separation of D and L; Choice of Average flux density; length of air gap; Design of Stator core; Rules for selecting rotor slots of squirrel cage machines; Design of rotor bars and slots; Design of end rings; Design of wound rotor; Magnetic leakage calculations; Leakage reactance of polyphase machines; Magnetizing current; Short circuit current; Operating characteristics; Losses and Efficiency.
An alternator is an electrical generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current. For reasons of cost and simplicity, most alternators use a rotating magnetic field with a stationary armature.
The armature winding is the main current-carrying winding in which the electromotive force or counter-emf of rotation is induced.
The current in the armature winding is known as the armature current.
The location of the winding depends upon the type of machine.
The armature windings of dc motors are located on the rotor, since they must operate in union with the commutator.
In DC rotating machines other than brushless DC machines, it is usually rotating.
These slides provide an elementary description of Power Electronics and its application domains. It also shows the different power devices and converters.
PPTs deals with the Unit 5 of Power Plant Engineering, discusses Load Curve, Load duration curve, various factors associated with power palnt like Load factor, capacity factor, use factor, demand factor , diversity factor, method of calculating different costs involved in power generation, differential fuel costing and its implications on sharing of units, factors determine the selection of site for Power plants Workedout problems are also dealt
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss CalculationAmeen San
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss
Calculation
Comparison of Overhead Versus Underground System
Power Loss Calculation,Voltage Drop Calculation
About Transmission Line.
Transmission Lines
Classification Of Transmission Lines
Overhead Power Line
Advantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Disadvantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Nominal “T” Method
Nominal “Pi” Model of a Medium Transmission Line
Underground Transmission Lines
Classification Of Underground Cables
Advantages Of Underground Cables
Disadvantages Of Underground Cables
Advantages and Disadvatages of AC/DC MotorFika Khamis
Simple explanation on advantages and disadvantages of AC and DC motor. Focusing on main point only since the slides is for presentation. Originally design by me.
These slides provide an elementary description of Power Electronics and its application domains. It also shows the different power devices and converters.
PPTs deals with the Unit 5 of Power Plant Engineering, discusses Load Curve, Load duration curve, various factors associated with power palnt like Load factor, capacity factor, use factor, demand factor , diversity factor, method of calculating different costs involved in power generation, differential fuel costing and its implications on sharing of units, factors determine the selection of site for Power plants Workedout problems are also dealt
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss CalculationAmeen San
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss
Calculation
Comparison of Overhead Versus Underground System
Power Loss Calculation,Voltage Drop Calculation
About Transmission Line.
Transmission Lines
Classification Of Transmission Lines
Overhead Power Line
Advantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Disadvantages Of Overhead Transmission Lines
Nominal “T” Method
Nominal “Pi” Model of a Medium Transmission Line
Underground Transmission Lines
Classification Of Underground Cables
Advantages Of Underground Cables
Disadvantages Of Underground Cables
Advantages and Disadvatages of AC/DC MotorFika Khamis
Simple explanation on advantages and disadvantages of AC and DC motor. Focusing on main point only since the slides is for presentation. Originally design by me.
1. Concept on drives
2. What is drives ?
3. How drive does ?
4. What is torque ?
5. What is Motor Torque ( Tm )?
6. What is Motor Speed?
7. Drive are two types
8. AC Drive
9. DC Drive
10. Pulse Width Modulation
11. Sinusoidal PWM
12. Components of ASTAT
13. What is DTC ?
14. Direct Torque Control
15. Control Display Panel
16. ABB ACS800 DRIVE FOR CRANE
Simulation of Bradband Rectangular Monopole Antennainventionjournals
To design an antenna, especially broadband monopole planar rectangular antenna that was printed on printed circuit board (PCB) consists of a rectangular patch and a ground plane. Beside of mathematical procedure, this design step needs a simulation to get more accurate hypothesis. At this paper, the simulation software that used by author is Ansoft-HFSS that can be used for designing and simulating the antenna with more detail and more accurate result. The result of this software will be compared with measurement result. Even though the simulation result and measurement result of presented antenna has differences, both of them (the simulated antenna and presented antenna) can work at frequency range 1.5 GHz until 2.7 GHz that means can be used for commercial communication technology such as HSDPA, Wimax, Bluetooth and wifi.This suggest that once the antenna is a broadband antenna that has very large bandwidth.
Self control of synchronous motor drives
Phase-Controlled Cycloconverters
Synchronous Motor Drive
Self controlled sync. Motor drive using a cycloconverter
Owen’s bridge and measurement of increment inductancevishalgohel12195
Owen’s bridge and measurement of increment inductance
Effect On Induced Voltage.
Measurements Of Incremental Inductance
Diagram Of Increment Inductance.
Description Of Ø-i Magnetizing Curve
Initial and final condition for circuit
Explain the transient response of a RC circuit
As the capacitor stores energy when there is:
a transition in a unit step function source, u(t-to)
or a voltage or current source is switched into the circuit.
Explain the transient response of a RL circuit
As the inductor stores energy when there is:
a transition in a unit step function source, u(t-to)
or a voltage or current source is switched into the circuit.
RC Circuit
RL Circuit
FSK , FM DEMODULATOR & VOLTAGE REGULATOR ICS
Application of PLL in FSK & FM demodulation three terminal regulator ics.
Adjustable output voltage regulator LM 317, LM 337 & LM 340 series power supply ics.
Basic design considerations for designed regulated power supply
Concept of general terms pertaining to rotating machinesvishalgohel12195
Concept of general terms pertaining to rotating machines
Physical concept of force and torque production.
Concept of general terms pertaining to rotating machines.
Generated emf in full pitched and short pitched winding.
Transfer Function and Mathematical Modeling
Transfer Function
Poles And Zeros of a Transfer Function
Properties of Transfer Function
Advantages and Disadvantages of T.F.
Translation motion
Rotational motion
Translation-Rotation counterparts
Analogy system
Force-Voltage analogy
Force-Current Analogy
Advantages
Example
Winding
What is Armature winding?
Terms related to armature winding.
Single layer and double layer windings.
Comparison between closed and open windings.
Types of DC armature winding.
Types of AC armature winding.
Protection against overvoltage
overvoltage
causes of overvoltage
lightning
types of lightning strokes
harmful effect of lightning
protection against lightning
On load tap changer in a.c. locomotive transformer & air blast circuit b...vishalgohel12195
On load tap changer In A.C. locomotive transformer & Air blast circuit breaker
Introduction
Block diagram of A.C. Locomotive
Equipment of locomotive & their function
Advantages
Disadvantages
Logical instruction of 8085
Instruction Set of 8085
Classification of Instruction Set
Logical Instructions
AND, OR, XOR
Logical Instructions
Summary Logical Group
Effect of non sinusoidal waveform of a.c. machine performancevishalgohel12195
Effect of Non sinusoidal waveform of A.C. Machine performance
Nonsinusoidal Waveforms
Key Similarities and Differences between Sinusoidal and Nonsinusoidal Waveforms
Effect of harmonics in motor drives
Square wave inverter with 180° mode
Effect of leakage reactance on the harmonic content of current
Parasitic torques due to non-sinusoidal voltages
Disadvantages of corona, radio interference, inductive interference between p...vishalgohel12195
Disadvantages of corona, radio interference, inductive interference between power and communication lines
Introduction
Disadvantages of corona.
Radio interference.
Inductive interference between power and communication lines
Design, Planning and Layout of high voltage laboratory vishalgohel12195
Design, Planning and Layout of high voltage laboratory
Test equipment provided in high voltage lab
Activity and study in high voltage lab
Classification of high voltage lab
Clearance of high voltage Lab
Layout of high voltage lab
Safety
Shielding of the high voltage lab
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
2. • Introduction
• Field winding
• Types of Field winding
• Design of shunt field winding
Contents
3.
4.
5. Design of field windingDesign of field winding
Consists of poles, pole shoe and field winding.
Types:
Shunt field winding
Series field winding
Shunt field winding – have large no. of turns made of thin
conductors ,because current carried by them is very low.
Series field winding is designed to carry heavy current and so it is
made of thick conductors/strips.
Field coils are formed, insulated and fixed over the field poles.
6. Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
Involves the determination of the following information regarding
the pole and shunt field winding
Dimensions of the main field pole ,
Dimensions of the field coil ,
Current in shunt field winding,
Resistance of coil,
Dimensions of field conductor,
Number of turns in the field coil ,
Losses in field coil.
Dimensions of the main field pole
For rectangular field poles
o Cross sectional area, length, width , height of the body
For cylindrical pole
o Cross sectional area, diameter, height of the body
7. Area of the pole body can be estimated from the knowledge of
flux per pole , leakage coefficient and flux density in the pole.
Leakage coefficient (Cl) depends on power output of the DC
machine.
Bp in the pole 1.2 to 1.7 wb/m2
Фp = Cl. Ф
Ap = Фp/Bp
When circular poles are employed, cross section area will be a
circle
Ap = πdp
2
/4 π= /Ap4dp
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
8. When rectangular poles employed, length of pole is chosen as
10 to15 mm less than the length of armature
Lp=L –(0.001 to 0.015)
Net iron length Lpi = 0.9 Lp
Width of pole, bp = Ap/Lpi
Height of pole body hp = hf + thickness of insulation and
clearance
Total height of the pole hpl= hp + hs
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
9. Field coils are former wound and placed on the poles.
They may be of rectangular or circular cross section depends
on the type of poles.
Dimensions – Lmt, depth, height, diameter.
Depth(df) – depends on armature.
Height (hf) - depends on surface required for cooling the coil
and no. of turns(Tf).
hf, Tf – cannot be independently designed.
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
10. Lmt - Calculated using the dimensions of pole and depth of the
coil
For rectangular coils
Lmt=2(Lp + bp + 2df) or (Lo +Li)/2
Where Lo – length of outer most turn & Li – length of
inner most turn
For cylindrical coils
Lmt = π(dp +df)
No. of turns in field coil: When the ampere turns to be
developed by the field coil is known, the turns can be estimated
Field ampere turns on load, ATfl= If. Tf
Turns in field coil, Tf = ATfl/If
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
11. Power Loss in the field coil:Power Loss in the field coil:
• Power loss in the field coil is copper loss, depends on
Resistance and current
• Heat is developed in the field coil due to this loss and it is
dissipated through the surface of the coil
• In field coil design , loss dissipated per unit surface area is
specified and from which the required surface area can be
estimated.
• Surface area of field coil – depends on Lmt, depth and height
of the coil.
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
12. • Lmt – estimated from dimensions of pole
• Depth – assumed (depends on diameter of armature)
• Height – estimated in order to provide required surface area
Heat can be dissipated from all the four sides of a coil. i.e, inner ,
outer, top and bottom surface of the coil
Inner surface area= Lmt (hf – df)
Outer surface area = Lmt (hf + df)
Top and bottom surface area = Lmt df
Total surface area of field coil, S= Lmt (hf – df)+ = Lmt (hf + df)+
Lmt df+ Lmt df
S= 2Lmt hf +Lmt df= 2Lmt (hf +df)
Permissible copper loss, Qf=S.qf [qf-Loss dissipated/ unit area]
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
13. Substitute S in Qf,
Qf= 2Lmt (hf +df).qf
Actual Cu loss in field coil=If
2
Rf=Ef
2
/Rf
Substituting Rf=(ρLmt Tf)/ af ,
Actual Cu loss in field coil=Ef
2
.af/(ρLmt Tf)
∴
Design of shunt field windingDesign of shunt field winding
fmt
f
2
f
fffmt
TρL
aE
)d(hq2L =+
fff
ff
dhS
coilfield
ofsection-XofArea
XfactorspaceCopper
coilField
inareaConductor
aT
conductorfield
ofsection-XofArea
XturnsNo.of
coilfield
inareaConductor
=
=
=
=
14. Procedure for shunt field designProcedure for shunt field design
Step1 : determine the dimensions of the pole. Assume a suitable
value of leakage coefficient and B = 1.2 to 1.7 T
Фp= Cl. Ф
Ap = Фp/Bp
When circular poles are employed, cross section area will be a
circle
Ap = πdp
2
/4 : dp =Ѵ(4Ap/π) When rectangular poles employed,
length of pole is chosen as 10 to15 mm less than the length of
armature
Lp=L –(0.001 to 0.015)
Net iron length Lpi= 0.9 Lp
15. Step 2 : Determine Lmtof field coil
Assume suitable depth of field winding
For rectangular coils
Lmt =2(Lp + bp + 2df) or (Lo +Li)/2
For cylindrical coils Lmt = π(dp +df)
Step 3: Calculate the voltage across each shunt field coil
Ef = (0.8 to 0.85) V/P
Step 4 : Calculate cross section area of filed conductor
Af= ρLmt ATfl/Ef
Step 5:Calcualate diameter of field conductor
dfc =Ѵ(4af/π)
Diameter including thickness dfci= dfc + insulation thickness
Copper space factor Sf = 0.75(dfc/dfci)2
Procedure for shunt field designProcedure for shunt field design
16. Step 6 : Determine no. of turns (Tf) and height of coil (hf)
They can be determined by solving the following two
equations 2Lmt(hf+ df) = Ef
2
af/ρLmtTf
Tf.af = Sf.hf.df
Step 7 : Calculate Rf and If : Rf = Tf. ρLmt /af
If= Ef/Rf
Step 8 : Check for δf
δf= If / af
δf – not to exceed 3.5A/mm2
.
If it exceeds then increase a by 5% and then proceed again
Procedure for shunt field designProcedure for shunt field design
17. Step 9 : Check for desired value of AT
ATactual= If.Tf
ATdesired- 1.1 to 1.25 times armature MMF at full load
When ATactual exceeds the desired value then increase the
depth of field winding by 5% and proceed again.
Procedure for shunt field designProcedure for shunt field design
18. Check for temp rise:
Actual copper loss = If
2
Rf
Surface area = S = 2Lmt (hf + df)
Cooling coefficient C = (0.14 to 0.16)/(1 + 0.1 Va)
θm= Actual copper loss X (C/S)
If temperature rise exceeds the limit , then increase the depth
of field winding by 5% and proceed again.