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Davos2014 Status of DM Developing Countries
The document discusses the status of disaster management in India and Kerala, highlighting the disparities between developed and developing regions in preparedness, prevention, and response measures. It outlines various hazard profiles and the establishment of disaster management frameworks at national and state levels, emphasizing the need for community-based disaster risk reduction. Key challenges include inadequate funding, poor training, and the need for better communication strategies in disaster management efforts.
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Davos2014 Status of DM Developing Countries
- 1. CCA and DRR From Policy to Practice Status of Disaster Management in Developing Countries Focus on India and Kerala Nivedita P. Haran Additional Chief Secretary, Dept. of Home & Environment, Member, Kerala State Disaster Management Authority
- 2. Disaster Management Anoperational list of components Preparedness Prevention Protect & Save Relief Rehabilitation Mitigation • Reducing vulnerability = integration of disaster preparedness, mitigation and prevention measures into policy development • Funding patterns of developed & developing world – disaster response gets priority & not preparedness
- 3. Disaster Management -matrix of comparison Preparedness Criteria Developed Developing Transportation safety Ensured Not a priority Bio-medical waste management Regulated Unregulated Epidemic control Systematic Adhoc Urban waste (including e-waste) Systematic Adhoc Natural Hazard Risk Reduction High priority Not a priority
- 4. Disaster Management -matrix of comparison Prevention Criteria Developed Developing Awareness Well aware Unaware Proper reaction Trained Untrained Availability of equipment High availability Poorly maintained
- 5. Disaster Management -matrix of comparison Protect & Save Criteria Developed Developing Life Highly valued Poverty Electric connections Live & open Concealed & secure Social discipline Highly disciplined Need better discipline
- 6. Disaster Management -matrix of comparison Relief Criteria Developed Developing Food & clothing Systematic distribution Haphazard Land Management Modernised record maintenance Needs priority Law & order Well -maintained Needs improvement
- 7. Disaster Management -matrix of comparison Rehabilitation Criteria Developed Developing Funding Available Inadequate
- 8. Disaster Management -matrix of comparison Mitigation Criteria Developed Developing Funding Available Not a priority
- 9. Disaster Management -matrix of comparison Information & communication technology • Necessary, but at times is over-rated • Distribute in areas where people are literate and seem to imbibe • Content should be simple and short • One has to design the content keeping in mind the target audience It shouldn’t be this complex!
- 10. India – thehazard profile • 57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of these, 12% is vulnerable to severe earthquakes. • 68% land is vulnerable to drought. • 12% land is vulnerable to floods. • 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones. • Apart from natural disasters, some cities in India are also vulnerable to chemical and industrial disasters and man-made disasters. References: Menon, V.C, 2011
- 11. India – Nationalarrangements for Disaster Management • National Disaster Management Act, 2005 – National Disaster Management Authority – State Disaster Management Authority – National Disaster Response Force - 2009 • National Disaster Response Fund administered by Govt. of India. States administer State Disaster Response Fund with 75% contribution from Govt. of India and 25% from State Government. • National Disaster Mitigation Fund yet to be formed. Pro-active states like Kerala has constituted State Disaster Mitigation Fund with own funds. • Multiple projects with support of UNDP, World Bank, ADB, USAID etc. running on various components of Disaster Management References: Menon, V.C, 2011
- 12. Kerala – thehazard profile • The state is multi-hazard prone • 8th most densely populated in the country • 14.5% of the state is flood prone • 14.4% of the state is landslide prone • 55.5% of the coastline prone to coastal hazards • The state falls in zone 3 in the national seismic zonation map • About 70 people die of lightning every year • 65 out of 10,000 vehicles prone to accidents in the state (national average is 42.3/10,000) • About 45% of LPG used in the state is transported via roads • Variability of weather patterns due to Global Warming evident in the state References: CESS, 2010; CENSUS, 2011; KSCSTE, 2007; SEOC, 2011
- 13. Kerala - Currentstatus • KSDMA constituted (2007) • DDMAs established in 14 districts (2008) • Office of KSDMA established (2008) • State DM Policy formulated and promulgated (2010) • State Disaster Management Plan Profile published (2010) • VHF network established – 295 village offices, 63 taluks, 14 collectorates & 4 state level offices (2009-11) • SEOC made functional (2012) • Five year plan budget head for KSDMA (2012) • DDMPs prepared and published (2007-12) • State Disaster Mitigation Fund created (2012)
- 14. Crisis Management Group– Anthropogenic Hazards Adl. Chief Secretary, Home – Chairman Prl. Secretary, Revenue & DM – Member State Police Chief – Convener IG, Intelligence – Member Commandant General, Fire and Rescue – Member Commandant, SDRF – Member Director, ILDM – Member Head (Scientist), SEOC - Member
- 15. Field activities Glimpsesof activities Mullaperiyar flood-prone area marking
- 16. Books Glimpses ofactivities • Many books published on DRM by ILDM
- 17. Glimpses of activitiesMass campaigns Surakshaayanam 2012
- 18. Glimpses of activitiesCommunity based DRR • Community-centric and community based DRR is the answer in developing countries – some glimpses from Kerala
- 19. Institutionalizing community basedDRR Civil Defence • Civil Defence in many countries function as a voluntary force that acts as the first responder in case of any disaster • In normal times CD is involved in capacity-building of its members, in first aid, nursing, basic engineering techniques, water purification, health, safety and security • It should ideally be voluntary • CD should be able to generate: • A sense of service amongst the people • Enjoy what they do • Should be kept motivated through appreciation of authorities • Provide the simple perks like medical insurance, health insurance, travel cost, etc.
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