A serious disruption of the functioning of the society, caused by a hazard or otherwise, having widespread human, material, environmental and other losses, which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources

1. community
based disaster
management
Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
District Project Officer, Collect orate
Cuttack, Odisha, India
C
B
D
P
Community-based
disaster preparedness
(CBDP) refers to a
specific form of local-
level capacity building
and represents
increasingly important
elements of
vulnerability reduction
and disaster
management
strategies. CBDP
strategies leverage the
knowledge and
capabilities of local
community resources.

2. DISASTER
IMPACTS

3. DISASTER
a serious disruption of the
functioning of the society,
caused by a hazard or
otherwise, having widespread
human, material, environmental
and other losses, which exceed
the ability of the affected
society to cope using its own
resources

4. TYPES OF
DISASTERS
• WATER AND CLIMATE RELATED
• GEOLOGICALLY RELATED
• CHEMICAL/INDUSTRIAL & NUCLEAR
• ACCIDENT RELATED
• BIOLOGICAL

5. WATER &
CLIMATE
RELATED
DISASTERS
• FLOODS, WATER LOGGING, DRAINAGE
• CYCLONES, TORNADOES, HURRICANES, HAILSTORMS
• CLOUD BURSTS, THUNDER,LIGHTNING
• LANDSLIDES
• HEAT & COLD WAVE
• SEA EROSION
• DROUGHT

6. GEOLOGICAL
DISASTERS
• EARTHQUAKES
• DAM BURSTS
• MINE FIRES

7. CHEMICAL/
INDUSTRIAL
& NUCLEAR
• CHEMICAL DISASTERS
• INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS
• OIL SPILLS/FIRES
• NUCLEAR

8. ACCIDENT
RELATED
DISASTERS
• BOAT / ROAD / TRAIN
ACCIDENTS / AIR CRASH
• BUILDING COLLAPSE
• ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS
• RURAL / URBAN FIRES
• FESTIVAL RELATED DISASTERS
• MINE FLOODING
• BOMB /SERIAL BOMB BLASTS

9. BIOLOGICAL
DISASTERS
• HUMAN / ANIMAL EPIDEMICS
• PEST ATTACKS
• FOOD POISONING
• WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION

10. DISASTERS
DEFINED FOR
ASSISTANCE
• CYCLONE
• DROUGHT
• EARTHQUAKE
• FIRE
• FLOOD
• HAILSTORM
• TSUNAMI
• LANDSLIDE
• AVALANCHE
• CLOUD BURST
• PEST ATTACK

11. WHO
SUFFER
MOST ?
• OLD AND DISABLED
• CHILDREN
• PREGNANT WOMEN
• SICK AND AILING PERSONS
• WIDOWS, SINGLE WOMEN, ADOLESCENT GIRLS
• FAMILIES CLOSE TO HAZARD AREA
• FAMILIES LIVING IN THATCHED HOUSES ETC

12. WHAT IS
LIKELY TO BE
AFFECTED ?
• CATTLE AND LIVESTOCK
• FAMILY VALUABLE DOCUMENTS
• LIVELIHOOD ASSETS
• TRADITIONAL CRAFT
EQUIPMENTS
• VILLAGE WATER SOURCES
• CROPS ETC

13. WHY ?

16. 14 Districts
128 Blocks
2399 GPs
17993 Villages
1.89 Crore people
8913 people died
4.45 lakh live stock perished

17. 24 Districts
219 Blocks/68 ULBs
2757 GPs
18790 Villages
96.78 Lakh people
102 persons died
212296 Houses damaged
80.87 lakh hect. Crop area

18. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
recovery
relief
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
reconstruction
reduction
rehabilitation
development
prevention
CVA
preparednes
s
risk mapping

19. WHY CBDP ?
 COMMUNITY- FIRST RESPONDER
 COMMUNITY- ULTIMATE SUFFERER
 GLOBAL COMMITMENT TO MINIMIZE EFFECTS OF NATURAL DISASTERS
ON COMMUNITY
 TO PREVENT HAZARDS FROM BECOMING DISASTERS
 TO MINIMIZE HUMAN SUFFERING, SOCIO - ECONOMIC AND
ENVIRONMENTAL LOSS BY REDUCING VULNERABILITIESAND RISK
 TO HASTEN POST – EVENT RECOVERY
 TO MAKE COMMUNITY-AT-RISK DISASTER RESILIENT

20. PILOT PROJECT
•7 districts
• 10 blocks
• 205 GPs
• 1672 villages

21. DRM Programe
• 16 districts
• 155 blocks
• 3210 GPs
• 23263 villages

22. DISASTER RISK
MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMME
• EXECUTING AGENCY- MHA,GOVT OF INDIA
• IMPLEMENTING AGENCY- UNDP
• STATE NODAL AGENCY- OSDMA
• PARTNERS- DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION
BLOCK ADMINISTRATION
LINE DEPARTMENTS
PRIS
NGOS/CBOS ETC
COMMUNITY

23. GOAL
SUSTAINABLE REDUCTION IN NATURAL
DISASTER RISK IN SOME OF THE MOST
HAZARD PRONE DISTRICTS IN SELECTED
STATES OF INDIA

24. PROGRAMME
OBJECTIVES
• TRAINING MANUALS
• CAPACITY BUILDING INITIATIVES FOR ALL
STAKE HOLDERS
• DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI-HAZARD
PREPAREDNESS AND MITIGATIONPLANS
• STRENGTHENING DM INFORMATION CENTERS
• DISSEMINATION OF COST EFFECTIVE
ALTERNATE TECHNOLOGY
• DEVELOPING VULNERABILITY AND RISK INDEX

25. PROGRAMME
COMPONENTS
• DEVELOPMENT OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT PLANS
• CONSTITUTION OF DMTS
• CONSTITUTION OF DMCS
• CAPACITY BUILDING OF DMTS
• TRAINING & DEMONSTRATION ON
DISASTER RESISTANT HOUSING TECH
• INTEGRATION OF DM WITH DEV.PLANS

26. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
PLANS
• WARD/VILLAGE DISASTER PLANS
• GP DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
• BLOCK DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
• DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
• STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

27. TEAMS &
COMMITTEES
• VILLAGE LEVEL TASK FORCE TEAMS AND VLC
• GP DISASTER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
• BLOCK DISASTER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
• DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
• STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE

28. VILLAGE DISASTER
MANAGEMENT PLAN
• WHAT IS VDMP
• ACTORS
• PROCEDURE
• WHAT ACTIVITIES
PRECAUTIONS
MANAGEMENT
REHABILITATION
• WHO WILL DO IT
• WHEN TO DO IT

29. WHAT IS
VDMP
A DYNAMIC PREPAREDNESS, RESPONSE AND MITIGATION
PLAN PREPARED BY THE COMMUNITY WITH WELL-
DEFINED ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITY

30.  Community
 Village Elders
 Peers
 School Teachers
 Panchayati Raj Members
 Government Officers
 Political groups
 CBOs/ NGOs
 others
STAKE
HOLDERS

31. STAGES OF
VDMP
• REVIEW AND ANALYSIS
• SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
• HAZARD MAPPING
• RISK MAPPING
• OPPORTUNITY MAPPING

32. PROCESS TO
FOLLOW FOR
VDMP
WHAT? WHO? PROCESS
Review and analysis Community GD
Situational Analysis Community GD / Social mapping
Hazard Mapping Community Social mapping
Risk mapping Community Social mapping
Opportunity Mapping Community Social mapping

33. REVIEW AND
ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF WHAT
HAPPENED (PHASE WISE) EARLIER IN
THE VILLAGE

34. SITUATIONAL
ANALYSIS
DESIGNING THE MAP OF
THE VILLAGE WITH
GEOGRAPHIC,
DEMOGRAPHIC,
LIVELIHOOD, HOUSE
STRUCTURE, ASSETS,
INFRASTRUCTURE
MAPPING

35. HAZARD
MAPPING
IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS
CAUSES OF DESTRUCTION
VULNERABLE AREAS/POPULACE/ASSETS
INCORPORATION IN THE MAP

36. RISK
MAPPING
INDICATING WHO IS AT RISK AND WHAT IS AT RISK
 VULNERABLE POPULACE
 VULNERABLE PROPERTY/ASSETS

37. OPPORTUNITY
MAPPING
(REDUCTION OF
RISK)
IDENTIFYING RESOURCES AVAILABLE THAT WILL
HELP TO REDUCE THE RISK TO LIFE PROPERTY
SAFE HOUSES AND BUILDINGS
SHELTER PLACES, UPLANDS
EVACUATION ROUTES, ALTERNATE ROUTES
HEALTH FACILITIES, FUNDS
DEDICATED VOLUNTEERS,
OTHERS

38. TASK
FORCE
TEAMS
• SHELTER MANAGEMENT
• EVACUATION AND RESCUE
• FIRST AID AND MEDICAL
• WATER AND SANITATION
• CARCASS DISPOSAL
• COUNSELLING
• DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
• RELIEF AND COORDINATION

39. 1. Sarpanch-Chairperson
2. Four ward members (two women)
3. One Senior citizen
4. Extension officer -member Convener
5. GP Secretary
6. HM of the Centre school
7. HM of High schools of the GP
8. One village task force member
9. Representative of the NGO
GP DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
COMMITTEE

40. 1. Chairperson, Panchayat Samiti-Chairman
2. Vice-Chairperson of the Samiti
3. MLA(s) /Their Representatives
4. Line Deptt official at block level
5. Two Sarpanch & two PS members (one women
from each)
6. Coordinating agency of Block NGO Cell
7. One local NGO
8. Assistant Engineer of the block
9. BDO- Member-Convener
BLOCK
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
COMMITTEE

41. 1. Collector-Chairman
2. Chairperson, Zilla Parishad
3.Addl. District Magistrate
4.Project Director, DRDA
5.Superintendent of Police
6.Key Dist level officers
7.Sub-Collector(s)
8.District Coordinating Agency of NGOs
9.Two NGOs nominated by Collector
10.Project officer, DRM,
11.Dist. Emgy. Officer- Member convener
DIST. DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
COMMITTEE

42. CHALLENGES
WE FACED
 ENSURING COMPATIBILITY OF COMMUNITY
INTERESTS WITH INTERESTS OF OTHER STAKE
HOLDERS
 PROPER MOBILIZATION OF THE
COMMUNITIES
 TIME FACTOR IN ORGANISSING AND
MOBILIZING COMMUNITIES
 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
 ENSURING INTERACTIVE AND FUNCTIONAL
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
CONT 1/2

43. CHALLENGES
WE FACED
RELUCTANCE OF DOMINANT LOCAL
LEADERS TO DELEGATE DECISION
MAKING POWER TO THE COMMUNITY
POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
DOCUMENTATION AND REGULAR UP-
DATING
COMPLEX IMPACT ASSESSMENT
INTERNALIZATION OF PREPAREDNESS

44. LESSONS
WE
LEARNT
 THERE ARE MULTIPLE STAKE HOLDERS WITH DIVERSE
INTERESTS
 FUNCTIONAL AND INTERACTIVE PARTICIPATION BY THE
COMMUNITY INCREASES THEIR CONFIDENCE, SKILL AND
ABILITY
 COMMUNITY PREFERS TO OWN THE PROJECT
 OUTSIDERS HAVE A SUPPORTIVE / CATALYTIC ROLE
 USEFULNESS OF APPROPRIATE PRA TECHNIQUES
 APPLICABILITY TO BOTH RURAL AND URBAN SET UP
 MITIGATION IS THE PRIME AIM
 IMPORTANCE OF ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY
 DISASTER MITIGATION IS INTRINSIC TO SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
 DISASTERS CAN BE VIEWED AS OPPORTUNITIES FOR
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

45.  Initial and small success stories even provide the springboard to
sustain the programme
 Clash of interest of the community with that of local
leaders/NGOs
 Unwillingness of local leaders to delegate decision making to the
community
 Inadequacy of skilled volunteers
 Insufficient community corpus funds
 Time consuming process
 Reluctance of elected PRI members to spend Panchayat fund for
disaster proofing activities
Cont 2/2

46. THANK YOU