class 10 sst project work

1. NATURAL DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS AND
RESPONSE
Done by Mohammad Marwan
Class X-D

2. INDEX
Topic Page No:
Acknowledgement PG : 3 - 3
Introduction PG : 4 - 4
What are Natural Disasters? PG : 5 - 7
What is Disaster Preparedness? (In
the States of Kerala and
Chhattisgarh)
PG : 7 - 11
Mitigation Measures by the
Government
PG : 12 - 12
Conclusion PG : 13 - 13
Bibliography PG : 14 - 14

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
From the core of my heart, I am very thankful to everyone who all supported me, for I have completed my
project effectively and moreover on time. I am using this opportunity to express my gratitude to my, teacher.
as well as our Principal. who, gave me this golden opportunity to do such a good project on the topic, “
Consumer Awareness”. I am sincerely grateful, to all of my friends, co-partners, family and guide who shared
their, truthful and illuminating views on a number of issues related to the project by devoting their precious
time.
Equally grateful to my teacher Ms. Preetha for giving me moral support and guidance in doing this project. It
would be an injustice if I do not thank my parents who helped me a lot in collecting data, pictures, and
continuous help and support.With their able guidance, encouragement, and support, I could complete my
project on time.
Thanking you,
Mohammad Marwan

4. INTRODUCTION
Disaster preparedness involves effectively getting ready for and addressing disasters. This
process encompasses the strategic allocation of resources to minimize the negative effects
of disasters. It also entails a methodical approach to handling the tasks related to
preventing, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters. Regardless of their
nature, disasters disrupt communities and can have significant negative impacts on
individuals, property, economies, and the natural world. Often, they push a community's
ability to cope to its limits.
Efforts related to mitigation and prevention aim to decrease the potential damage and
suffering caused by disasters. Although disaster management cannot prevent the
occurrence of disasters, it can prevent them from worsening due to the neglect of
underlying causes and manageable risks. Mitigation specifically refers to taking actions that
can reduce the severity of a disaster's consequences. Investing in measures that minimize
hazards can significantly alleviate the impact of disasters.

5. WHAT ARE NATURAL DISASTERS?
A natural disaster is the highly harmful impact on a society or
community following a natural hazard event. Some examples of
natural hazard events include: flooding, drought, earthquake,
tropical cyclone, lightning, tsunami, volcanic activity, wildfire. It can
cause devastating losses to both people and the country.Various
phenomena like earthquakes, landslides, volcanic
eruptions, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, tsunamis, cyclon
es, wildfires, and pandemics are all natural hazards that kill
thousands of people and destroy billions of dollars of habitat and
property each year.However, the rapid growth of the world's
population and its increased concentration often in hazardous
environments has escalated both the frequency and severity of
disasters.

6. The Graph on the left shows the global damage
cost from natural disaster from 1980 to 1922. In
the year 2010, $350 Billion worth of damages were
recorded. In 2022, the estimated economic loss of
natural disasters worldwide was $313 billion.
The Graph on the right shows the global natural
disaster death rate from 1900 to 2022. In the
Years 1920-1940, it was recorded that 60-180
deaths per 100,000 individuals were due to
natural disasters. In 2022, the Emergency Event
Database EM-DAT recorded 387 natural hazards
and disasters worldwide, resulting in the loss
of 30,704 lives and affecting 185 million
individuals.

7. All these data show the need for Disaster Preparedness and Response. Preparing for disasters saves
countless lives, speeds up people's recovery and saves money.The IFRC supports National Societies to
continually improve their local preparedness and response capacity
WHAT IS DISASTER PREPAREDNESS?
Disaster preparedness refers to measures taken to prepare for and reduce the effects of disasters.That
is, to predict and—where possible—prevent them, mitigate their impact on vulnerable populations, and
respond to and effectively cope with their consequences.
Viewed from this broad perspective, disaster preparedness encompasses the following objectives:
• Increasing the efficiency, effectiveness and impact of disaster emergency response mechanisms at
the community, national and Federation level. (Eg: the development and regular testing of warning
systems)
• Strengthening community-based disaster preparedness through National Society programmes for
the community or through direct support of the community's own activity.
• Developing activities that are useful for both addressing everyday risks that communities face and for
responding to disaster situations—for example, health, first aid or social welfare programmes

8. In the State of Kerala, the government formed the ‘Kerala Disaster Management Plan, 2016’ which aims to reduce the
number of deaths and economic losses to the state.There are 39 types of known and hazardous natural disasters in
Kerala which may turn disastrous without proper preparedness.The Government has formed the ‘Kerala State
Disaster Management Authority(KSDMA)’, which consists of 10 members, chaired by the Chief Minister and
convened by Additional Chief Secretary, Revenue and Disaster Management.
This Graph shows the
rainfall(in mm) of all the
districts of Kerala. By
preparing for Floods, Kerala
has been able to save lives of
many, by building relief camps
with adequate provisions for
day to day health.

9. As per the KSDMA, Disaster Management is
considered as a cyclic process with four phases:
i) PREPAREDNESS:This protective process
embraces measures which enable governments,
communities and individuals to respond rapidly
to disaster situations to cope with them
effectively.
ii) RESPONSE: activities during a disaster such as
search and rescue, such as setting up relief
camps, ensuring emergency medical attention,
inter-departmental coordination, crowd
management, information management etc.
iii) RECOVERY: activities following a disaster such
as damage assessment, providing ex-gratia and
relief assistance claims, dead-body
management, immediate psychosocial care etc.
iv) MITIGATION: embraces all measures taken to
reduce both the effect of the hazard itself and
the vulnerable conditions to it in order to reduce

10. In the State of Chhattisgarh, the Government issues the ‘State Disaster
Management Plan (SDMP)’, with the latest edition on 2019, which aims to
• Promote a culture of prevention and preparedness by ensuring that DM
receives the highest priority at all levels.
• Ensure that community is the most important stakeholder in the DM
process.
• Encourage and promote mitigation measures based on state-of-the-art
technology and environmental sustainability.
• Mainstreaming DM concerns into the developmental planning process.
• Develop and establish contemporary forecasting and early warning
systems backed by responsive and safe communications and Information
Technology (IT) support.
• Promote a productive partnership with the media for creating awareness
and capacity development.
• Ensure efficient response and relief with a caring approach towards the
needs of the vulnerable sections of the society.
• Undertaking reconstruction as an opportunity to build disaster resilient
structures and habitat.
• Undertaking recovery to bring back the community to a better and safer
level than the pre-disaster stage.
Fig.1 given above shows the
Disaster Management Cycle as per
the DDMP of Raipur

11. The graph given shows the districts in
Chhattisgarh which a prone to Floods.To
prevent this, the government has taken
numerous mitigation measures to ensure
that the lives of the people are not in danger.
In the plan released by the SDMA in 2019, the
government ensures many safety measures
such as ‘the use of modern technology like GIS
and RS in the preparation of plans’ and
‘Maintaining contact details of all public
institutions, NGOs/Private Sector
Organizations, which can be assign the task of
community-level preparedness which will be
used during emergencies’ .

12. MITIGATION MEASURES BY THE
GOVERNMENTS
Measures taken to mitigate disasters might be either structural (like flood dikes) or non-structural (e.g. land use
zoning) etc. are defined as ‘Mitigation Measures’.
On 23 December 2005, the Government of India enacted the Disaster Management Act, which envisaged the
creation of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the Prime Minister, and State Disaster
Management Authorities (SDMAs) headed by respective Chief Ministers, to spearhead and implement a holistic and
integrated approach to Disaster Management in India.
The NDMA’s vision is “To build a safer and disaster resilient India by a holistic, pro-active, technology driven and
sustainable development strategy that involves all stakeholders and fosters a culture of prevention, preparedness
and mitigation.” The NDMA has also introduced various mitigation measures such as ‘Mobile Radiation Detection
Systems(MRDS) to handle Radiological Hazards in Metros/Capital Cities/Big Cities in India’, Landslide Risk Mitigation
Scheme (LRMS), Flood Risk Mitigation Scheme (FRMS) and National Earthquake Risk Mitigation Project (NERMP).
NDMA is financing the proposal of Mission for Geospatial Applications(MGA), Department of Science andTechnology
for River Monitoring, Modelling and development of EarlyWarning System for monitoring of Flash Flood in the
Meenachil and Manimala river basins in Kerala for Disaster Management Department, Government of Kerala.

13. CONCLUSION
It can be said that disasters can be natural or the results of human activities,
and all hazards need not turn into disasters since it is difficult to eliminate
disasters, particularly natural disasters.The best option is mitigation and
preparedness which involves the following four steps: Preparedness,
Response, Recovery and Mitigation. On this note, I would like to conclude
that Disaster management is a collective and coordinated effort. Everyone
must take an active part in disaster management to reduce the risk of
human life.The proper disaster management team can take charge as soon
as possible when the disaster strikes.

14. BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://ndma.gov.in/
https://publichealth.tulane.edu/
https://raipur.gov.in/
https://sdma.kerala.gov.in/
https://sdma.cg.gov.in/
https://www.google.com/
https://www.preventionweb.net/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/
https://www.statista.com/
https://www.toppr.com

15. THANK YOU