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Natural Disaster recovery framework.pptx
- 1. Department of EnvironmentalScience State University of Bangladesh Certificate Course on “Understanding Disaster Risk and Resilience” Lecture on: Disaster Recovery Framework Dr. M.M. Majedul Islam 18th January, 2019
- 2. Bangladesh rivers receiverunoff from a catchment of 1.72 million sq-km, around 12 times its land area Ganges Basin 1,087,000 sq-km Brahmaputra Basin 552,000 sq-km Meghna Basin 82,000 sqkm India India Nepal Bhutan China Context
- 3. Context Bangladesh ranksglobally among the most climate vulnerable Fifth rank in the world risk index 2016 Bangladesh suffers from increasingly frequent and devastating natural calamities due to its – Geographical location Environmental situation Climate change Population density and Development stage. About 68% of the country is vulnerable to flood 25 to 30% of the area is inundated during normal flood
- 4. DRR Why Importantin Bangladesh? • Bangladesh is one of the worst disaster prone country of the world. • Catastrophic Hazards ---Floods (1988,1998 and 2004), Cyclones and Storm Surges (1970,1991,2007 SIDR and 2009 AILA), Tornado (1974, 1977, 2005 etc), River Bank Erosion, Earthquake, Drought, Arsenic Contamination, Salinity Intrusion, Fire, Infrastructure Collapse (RANA Plaza), Tsunami and Landslide.
- 5. WINNING RESILIENCE AGAINSTTHE ODDS Decreased Disaster Mortality Steady GDP Growth, even after major disasters Continue improvement in food production
- 6. TREND OF DISASTERAND ASSOCIATED MORTALITY 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 (a) Occurrence Year Occurance 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 (c) Death Year Death Occurrence: Increases 1970-1975: 2-3 events/Year 2010- 2014: 8-10 events/Year Death: Decreases In 2010 death reduces 1/100th from that of 1970’s. Disaster Trends (1970-2014) Source: M/O Disaster Management & Relief
- 7. GROWTH IN FOODPRODUCTION AND GDP Source: M/O Disaster Management & Relief
- 8. REMAINING CHALLENGES Climate Change- increasing disaster risk High Earthquake Risk Industrialand Environmental Disasters
- 9. FACTORS OF VULNERABILITY Geographical Exposureto all hazard types Fragile Infrastructure Growing Urbanization Population Pressure Limited Institutional Capacity
- 10. Disaster Management Institutionsin Bangladesh National Disaster Management Council Inter Ministerial Disaster Management Coordination Committee (IMDMCC) Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief (MoDMR) National Disaster Management Advisory Committee (NDMAC) National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR) Earthquake Preparedness and Awareness CPP Implementation Board (CPPIB) Directorate of Relief and Rehabilitation (DRR) Disaster Management Bureau (DMB) District Disaster Management Committee (DDMC) Municipal Disaster Management Committee (MDMC) Union Disaster Management Committee (UDMC) City Corporation Disaster Management Committee (CCDMC) Upazila Disaster Management Committee (UzDMC) Zone/ Upazila Union CSDDWS FPOCG NGOCC DMTATF Source: M/O Disaster Management & Relief Directorate of Food
- 11. Legal Framework forDisaster Management • Disaster Management Act 2012 • Disaster Management Policy • Standing Orders on Disaster • National Plan for Disaster Management • Earthquake Contingency Planning
- 12. Disaster Management RegulativeFramework Disaster Management Act National Plan for DM DM Policy Standing Orders on Disasters Guideline Templates Local Plans Hazard Plans Sectoral plans (DRR incorporated) Sectoral Policy (DRR incorporated) Programming for Implementation Source: M/O Disaster Management & Relief
- 13. Early Warning Dissemination BMDand FFWC generates early warnings to ensure receipt of warning signals of imminent disasters by all concerned officials, agencies and mass communication. Media publish daily bulletins during disaster period for foreign embassies and UN Missions. Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) plays vital roles disseminating EW to community level committees under SOD ensure EW dissemination at all level.
- 14. Immediate Assistance &Needs Search and rescue operation Supply of instant food Humanitarian Assistance Programme Temporary shelter for displaced people Restoration of livelihoods Safety Net Programmes- GR, VGF, GR Cash and Blanket
- 15. Structural Intervention • RuralInfrastructure Development • Rural Infrastructure Maintenance • Employment Generation Program for the Poorest • Making of rural roads • Bridge & culverts • Cyclone & flood shelters • Embankments and polders
- 16. Non-structural Intervention • CapacityBuilding of 14 ministries and DRR organizations • Development Early Warning system • Development of CPP and Urban Volunteers • Community & civil society mobilization • Earthquake Contingency Plan • Incorporation of Disaster issues in the curriculum • Earthquake and Cyclone drill • Building resilience nation • Preparing multi hazard map ‐ • Awareness raising activities
- 17. Time Max. WindSpeed (km/hr) Death Toll 11 May, 1965 161 19,279 15 December, 1965 217 873 01 October, 1966 139 850 12 November, 1970 224 3,000,00 25 May, 1985 154 11,069 29 April, 1991 225 138882 19 May, 1997 232 155 15 Nov, 2007 (SIDR) 223 3,363 25 May, 2009 (AILA) 92 190 ICT uses Impact on Disaster Management- An example from cyclone death trend Death toll comparison between 1970 and 2007 cyclones significantly highlighted the ICT uses impact on disaster. In case of SIDR Early warning (72 hrs before the event) from RSMC, New Delhi, India through their geo-stationary satellite, INSAT substantially reduces the death toll. Source: M/O Disaster Management & Relief
- 18. Intervention to AddressFlood 2015 • Early warning dissemination through media, cell • broadcasting system & Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) • 2.1 millions people have been evacuated to the shelter • Emergency food and cash assistance • Provide medical services and Safe drinking water • Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF) • House building/repairing support for the poorest • Special Allocation for affected area • Sector wise rehabilitation program
- 19. What Made theDifference • Improvement of disaster risk reduction measures including early warning system. • Active leadership role in the field level Disaster Management Committees • Coastal afforestation projects • Cyclone and Flood shelters • Embankments in Coastal Belts （ 3433km ） • 30000 Urban Volunteers. • Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) having 50,000 volunteers.
- 20. Bangladesh: The BestPractices • Established the DM Regulatory Framework – identified the actors and their roles related to DRR and Emergency Response • Professionalizing the DM system – inclusion of disaster and climate risks in education curricula at primary, secondary and tertiary levels • Introduction of a bottom up approach in development planning • Seismic vulnerability mapping and contingency planning • Information sharing through DMIC network from central to community level • Promoted volunteerism both in urban and rural
- 21. National Priorities for2011 2020 ‐ • Implementation of the National Plan for Disaster Management (2015 2020) ‐ • Strengthen institutional capacity of all actors as per the revised SOD • Coordinated social safety net to reduce vulnerable population • Strengthen mechanisms for sectoral and local level implementation of DRR measures
- 22. What are CommonIssues Need to Addressed in Long-term Recovery? Housing Transportation Schools Employment Health and social services Disability services and supports Community resources Development and capacity-building Cultural and recreational programs Emergency preparedness Alerts and warnings Hazard mitigation
- 23. Bangladesh havesigned United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2030. Signatory of DRR Sendai framework, 2015-2030 UN-ESCAP is working for promoting use of ICT as a key tool for mainstreaming DRR into development planning. SDG and DRR framework
- 24. Department ofDisaster Management Program namely “Comprehensive Disaster Management Program (CDMP)” took an initiative for earthquake hazard and risk assessment of three major cities (Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet) in Bangladesh. Early Landslide warning saves life due to earlier evacuation in Chittagong. CDMP makes available cyclone shelter database information online Achievements
- 25. Disaster ManagementInformation Centre (DMIC) introduce Early warning through Cell Broadcast in two districts- Sirajgonj for flood and Cox’s Bazaar for cyclones Interactive Voice Response – 10941dial updated message is available for weather, disaster info and early warning. >1 lakh responses were made in 2013 through IVR (Interactive Voice Response) SMS- Mobile no. database is formed for the key actors at the root level. They are instructed through SMS Achievements
- 26. Bangladesh issigned a contract with SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC) to develop “Bangladesh Disaster Knowledge Network” under “South Asian Disaster Knowledge Network” project. National Disaster Management Council amended Standing order on Disaster through including orders on Earthquake, Tsunami and fire hazards in SOD in 2010. Government initiative in DRR decrease casualties in the Business sector. Climate Change Trust Fund and Climate Change Resilient Fund is key to infrastructure development in DRR Policy Achievements
- 27. Disaster ReductionChapter include in Class III to Class X curriculum. Disaster Management and Climate Change Related Subject is included in Class XI and XII Disaster Management is sensitize through UDC (Union Digital Center). 10000 booklets are distributed in 4500 UDC. Solution Exchange a email based communication system was formed for the actors of Disaster Management and Climate Change Adaptation. Sensitization/ Educative Program
- 28. Almost 98%of Bangladesh is under the coverage of Mobile network. DoICT along with Bangladesh Meteorological Department can establish huge weather information repository. Real time data on weather parameters like Rainfall, Humidity, Air Pressure, Wind Velocity, Temperature etc. can be stored for information generation. Data Collection can be done through mobile network. Way Forward
- 29. • Earthquake forecastingsystem is not well developed. • Due to rapid urbanization/ huge unsafe buildings, buildings developed mostly violating Bangladesh national building codes subject to make Bangladesh an earthquake vulnerable. • To develop good governance in this sector through e-governance is a key challenging area for us. Challenges
- 30. Challenges • Early warningwith adequate lead time in community language. • The capacity of coordination and making relationship between emergency responders. • The capacity to produce the appropriate information timely. • Integrated framework for incident management and communication. • Resilient embankment, green belt along the coast. • Expansion of regional and global networks for real time data/ information sharing. • Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in development process. • Strengthening linkage with regional and international organizations involved in DRR in line with SDG.
- 31. Thank you all Contract: Dr.M.M. Majedul Islam E-mail: majed25bd@gmail.com Cell: 01716406411
Editor's Notes
- #5 In the last few decades country has invested heavily on disaster risk reduction and public investment. As a result, disaster mortality has reduced significantly. Despite, frequent disasters the country was able to maintain at least 6% GDP growth. Improvement in food security. We have achieved almost all the MDGs despite xx million people were affected since the MDG was adopted in 2005.
- #6 Sifayet to cover --3.5 million people
- #7 The major cropping seasons overlap with the drought, cyclone and flooding seasons in the coast of Bay of Bengal. During 1970-2004, Bangladesh lost an estimated amount of over half a million hectares of crop land. The cyclone Sidr of 2007 hit the coast of Bangladesh and part of West Bengal, India causing an estimated damage to crop livestock and fisheries worth US Dollar half a billion (GoB, 2008). Again, cyclone Aila hit the same coast in May 2009 causing destruction of 350,000 acres of cropland and death of 100,000 livestock (GoB, 2010).
- #8 On climate change: With climate change, frequency of cyclones during November and May over the North Indian Ocean has increased twofold in the past 122 years. Using the Bay of Bengal in a hydrodynamic model, the World Bank estimates that cyclone exposed areas in Bangladesh will increase by 26% and the affected population will grow as high as 122% by 2050.
- #10 CSDDWS: Committee for Speedy Dissemination of Disaster Related Warning/ Signals Focal Point Operation Coordination Group of Disaster Management (FPOCG) NGO Coordination Committee on Disaster Management (NGOCC) Disaster Management Training and Public Awareness Building Task Force (DMTATF)
- #12 The Bangladesh Standing Orders were prepared with the objective of making the concerned persons understand their duties and responsibilities regarding disaster management at all levels, and accomplishing them. All Bangladesh Ministries, Divisions/Departments and Agencies shall prepare their own Action Plans in respect of their responsibilities under the Standing Orders for efficient implementation.